Gallong language
| Galo | |
|---|---|
| Galo Adi | |
| Native to | Arunachal Pradesh, India |
Native speakers | various estimates: 62,000 (2001 census)[1] 30,000 (2007) 150,000–250,000 (2006)[2] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | adl |
| Glottolog | galo1242 |
| ELP | Galo |
The Gallong or Galo language is a Sino-Tibetan language of the Tani group, spoken by the Galo people. Its precise position within Tani is not yet certain, due primarily to its central location in the Tani area and the strong effects of intra-Tani contacts on the development of Tani languages. It is an endangered language according to the normal definitions, although prospects for its survival are better than most similarly-placed languages in the world.
Dialects
The major Galo dialects are Pugo, spoken around the district capital Aalo; Lare, spoken to the south of Aaloo; and a dialect provisionally describable as "North-Western", spoken in the North-West near the Tagin area. There may be additional Galo dialects further to the north, which remains largely un-researched. Subdialects are numerous and often correspond to regional or clan groupings. Neighbouring languages include Assamese, Nepali, Bodo, Mising, Minyong, Hills Miri, Tagin, Nishi, Bori, Pailibo, Ramo and Bokar.
Post (2007:46) lists a provisional classification of Galo dialects.
- Galòo
- Karkòo?
- Gensìi?
- Taíi(podia)
- (branch)
- Zɨrdóo
- (branch)
- Larèe, Puugóo
Grammar
Like most central and eastern Tani languages, Galo is largely synthetic and agglutinating. Two primary lexical tones are present – High and Low – which may reflect two Proto-Tani syllable tones; in modern Galo, the surface TBU (Tone-Bearing Unit) is the usually polysyllabic phonological word. A robust finite/non-finite asymmetry underlies Galo grammar, and clause chaining and nominalization are both rampant. No synchronic verb-serialization appears to exist, although what seems to have been proto-verb-serialization has developed into a very large and productive system of derivational suffixes to bound verbal roots.
Major (non-derived) lexical classes are noun, adjective and verb. Other grammatical features include postpositions, relator nouns, classifiers, an extremely large system of aspectual suffixes, and a rich set of constituent-final particles coding functions related to epistemological status (such as evidentiality), discourse/pragmatic status, modality, and other related functions. Case-marking is basically accusative; ergativity has not been found.
References
- ^ Galo at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ^ Gallong language at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
Further reading
Post, Mark W. (2007). A Grammar of Galo. PhD Dissertation. Melbourne, La Trobe University Research Centre for Linguistic Typology.