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Iris furcata

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Iris furcata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Monocots
Order:
Asparagales
Family:
Iridaceae
Subfamily:
Iridoideae
Tribe:
Irideae
Genus:
Iris
Subgenus:
Iris
Species:
Iris furcata
Binomial name
Iris furcata
Synonyms

none known[1]

Iris furcata (Forked Iris) is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from


Biochemistry

In 1961, a study was carried out on various irises in USSR. [2] The karyotype of 'Iris furcata' is distinct from that of 'Iris aphylla', it may be an ancestral form.[3][4]

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[5]: 18  It has a chromosome count of 2n=24.[3][4][6] It was counted by Randolph and Mitra in 1961.[7]

Note; Iris aphylla is a tetraploid with a count of 2n = 48.[8][6]

Taxonomy

Painting of Iris furcata in The Botanical Register by Sydenham Edwards

It is commonly known as the 'Forked Stemmed Iris',[9] or as 'Fork Iris'.[8][10]

Note; Iris dichotoma is commonly known as the 'Two-forked Iris' '.[11]

It is known as 'Iris Kasatikovye' in Russia.[8]

The Latin specific epithet furcata refers to 'furcatus' meaning forked[12]

It was first published and described by Friedrich August Freiherr Marschall von Bieberstein (German botanist), in 'Centuria Plantarum Rariorum Rossiae Meridionalis' (Cent. Pl. Ross. Merid.) Vol.2 page51 in 1832.[7][13][14] Centuria Pl. Ross. Merid. had not yet been published in the UK until 1823.[15]

It was also published by Bieberstein in Flora (Fl. Taur. Cauc.) Volume3 on page42 in 1819.[7]

It was also referred at one time as Iris biflora by Marschall von Bieberstein.[9]

In his book 'The Iris' in 1981, Brian Mathew was unsure on the status of the iris.[3]

As 'Iris furcata' has a diploid count, it may be an ancestral form of 'Iris aphylla',[3] (which is tetraploid). Rodionenko considered 'Iris furcata' is distinct from 'Iris aphylla'.[4][8]



It is listed as a synonym of Iris aphylla L. by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003 and updated on 1 December 2004.[14]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life.[16]

It is an accepted name in The Plant List (linked to Kew Gardens).[17]

Iris furcata is not yet an accepted name by the RHS, as of 26 September 2015.

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Eastern Europe.[18][8]

Range

It is found in the Caucasus mountains,[15][19][20] between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.[3][4][21] Within (the former southern Russian states,[22]) countries of Moldovia and Ukraine.[19][23]: 119 [5] : 184 

It has also been found in Lazistan in Georgia, with Iris taochia.[24]

It is found in the Caucasus with other mountain flora including Anemone fasciculata, Anemone raminculoides, Caltha popypetala, Veratium lobelianum, Palsatilla armena, Corydalis persica, Fritilaria caucasica, Betonica grandiflora, Prunus spinosa, Sedum pilosum, Sempervivum transcaucasicum, Malus orientalis and Pyrus caucasicus.[20]

Habitat

It grows on the dry,Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

It is mostly grown by collectors and iris enthusiasts.[18]

Hybrids and Cultivars

Iris furcata was used in iris breeding programmes,[10][6] to create smaller sized irises and better branching.[22]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Iris furcata M.Bieb. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  2. ^ Randolph, Lowell Fritz; Mitra, Jyotirmay (November 1961). "Karyotypes of Iris Species Indigenous to the USSR". American Journal of Botany. 48 (10). Botanical Society of America: 862–870. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference british was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference pacific was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference ClaireAustin was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference vashsad was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference american was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference molbiol was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ a b Sydenham Edwards and John Lindley The Botanical Register: Consisting Of Coloured Figures Of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens with their history and mode of treatment. (1824), p. 801, at Google Books
  10. ^ a b "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  11. ^ Annals of Horticulture and Year book of Information on Practical Gardening for 1847, p. 73, at Google Books
  12. ^ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 172, at Google Books
  13. ^ "Iridaceae Iris furcata M.Bieb". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 25 September 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 10 (help)
  14. ^ a b "Taxon: Iris furcata M. Bieb". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  15. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference curtis was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ "Iris furcata". eol.org. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  17. ^ "Iris furcata M.Bieb. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2015. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 5 (help)
  18. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference irisbotanique was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference signa was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ a b "Political Administrative Region (marz): Lori" (PDF). rec-caucasus.org. Retrieved 26 September 2015.
  21. ^ Kaššák, Pavol (2012). "Secondary Metabolites Of The Choosen Genus Iris Species" (PDF). Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun. 32 (8): 269–280. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  22. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference telp was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference cassidy was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference greentours was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ David G Spoerke and Susan C. SmolinskeToxicity of Houseplants, p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources

  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 25.
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