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This article is about the sport of cricket; "Twenty20", the professional version of the game. For details on amateur twenty over cricket, see Short form cricket. For the Malayalam film, see Twenty:20 (film). For other uses, see 2020 (disambiguation).

A Twenty20 match between England and Sri Lanka at the Rose Bowl on 15 June 2006

Twenty20 cricket, sometimes written Twenty-20, and often abbreviated to T20, is a short form of cricket. At the professional level, it was originally introduced by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) in 2003 for the inter-county competition in England and Wales.[1] In a Twenty20 game the two teams have a single innings each, which is restricted to a maximum of 20 overs. Together with first-class and List A cricket, Twenty20 is one of the three current forms of cricket recognised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) as being at the highest international or domestic level.

A typical Twenty20 game is completed in about three hours, with each innings lasting around 75–90 minutes and a 10–20-minute interval. This is much shorter than previously-existing forms of the game, and is closer to the timespan of other popular team sports. It was introduced to create a fast-paced form of the game which would be attractive to spectators at the ground and viewers on television.

Since its inception the game has been very successful resulting in its spread around the cricket world. On most international tours there is at least one Twenty20 match and all Test-playing nations have a domestic cup competition. The inaugural ICC World Twenty20 was played in South Africa in 2007 with India winning by five runs against Pakistan in the final.[2] Pakistan won the second tournament in 2009,[3] and England won the title in the West Indies 2010. West Indies won in 2012, with Sri Lanka winning the 2014 tournament. West Indies are the reigning champions, winning the 2016 competition, and in doing so, became the first nation to win the tournament twice.

History

Origins

Former England batsman Andrew Strauss batting for Middlesex against Surrey

When the Benson & Hedges Cup ended in 2002, the ECB needed another one day competition to fill its place. Cricketing authorities were looking to boost the game's popularity with the younger generation in response to dwindling crowds and reduced sponsorship. It was intended to deliver fast paced, exciting cricket accessible to thousands of fans who were put off by the longer versions of the game. Stuart Robertson, the marketing manager of the ECB, proposed a 20 over per innings game to county chairmen in 2001 and they voted 11–7 in favour of adopting the new format.[4]

The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup.[5] The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title.[6] The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground - other than a one-day final - since 1953.[7]

Spread worldwide

Thirteen teams from different parts of the country participated in Pakistan's inaugural competition in 2004, with Faisalabad Wolves the first winners. On 12 January 2005 Australia's first Twenty20 game was played at the WACA Ground between the Western Warriors and the Victorian Bushrangers. It drew a sell-out crowd of 20,000, which was the first time in nearly 25 years the ground had been completely sold out and in Indian Premier League 2008 CSK vs KKR match played. The Attendance of the match close to 100,000 at Eden Garden stadium.[8]

Starting 11 July 2006 19 West Indies regional teams competed in what was named the Stanford 20/20 tournament. The event was financially backed by billionaire Allen Stanford, who gave at least US$28,000,000 funding money. It was intended that the tournament would be an annual event. Guyana won the inaugural event, defeating Trinidad and Tobago by 5 wickets, securing US$1,000,000 in prize money.[9][10]

On 5 January 2007 Queensland Bulls played the New South Wales Blues at The Gabba, Brisbane. A crowd of 11,000 was expected based on pre-match ticket sales. However, an unexpected 16,000 turned up on the day to buy tickets, causing disruption and confusion for surprised Gabba staff as they were forced to throw open gates and grant many fans free entry. Attendance reached 27,653.[11]

For 1 February 2008 Twenty20 match between Australia and India, 85,824[12] people attended the match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground involving the Twenty20 World Champions against the ODI World Champions.

The Stanford Super Series was held in October 2008 between Middlesex and Trinidad and Tobago, the respective winners of the English and Caribbean Twenty20 competitions, and a Stanford Superstars team formed from West Indies domestic players; Trinidad and Tobago won the competition, securing US$280,000 prize money.[13][14] On 1 November, the Stanford Superstars played England in what was expected to be the first of five fixtures in as many years with the winner claiming a US$20,000,000 in each match. The Stanford Superstars won the first match,[15] however no further fixtures were held as Allen Stanford was charged with fraud in 2009.[16]

20–20 Internationals

Main article: Twenty20 International

On 17 February 2005 Australia defeated New Zealand in the first men's full international Twenty20 match, played at Eden Park in Auckland. The game was played in a light-hearted manner – both sides turned out in kit similar to that worn in the 1980s, the New Zealand team's a direct copy of that worn by the Beige Brigade. Some of the players also sported moustaches/beards and hair styles popular in the 1980s taking part in a competition amongst themselves for best retro look, at the request of the Beige Brigade. Australia won the game comprehensively, and as the result became obvious towards the end of the NZ innings, the players and umpires took things less seriously – Glenn McGrath jokingly replayed the Trevor Chappell underarm incident from a 1981 ODI between the two sides, and Billy Bowden showed him a mock red card (red cards are not normally used in cricket) in response.

The first Twenty20 international in England was played between England and Australia at the Rose Bowl in Hampshire on 13 June 2005, which England won by a margin of 100 runs, a record victory which lasted until 2007.[17]

On 9 January 2006 Australia and South Africa met in the first international Twenty20 game in Australia. In a first, each player's nickname appeared on the back of his uniform, rather than his surname. The international match drew a crowd of 38,894 people at The Gabba. Australia convincingly won the match with man of the match Damien Martyn scoring 96 runs.

On 16 February 2006 New Zealand defeated West Indies in a tie-breaking bowl-out 3–0; 126 runs were scored apiece in the game proper. The game was the last international match played by Chris Cairns – NZC handed out life-size cardboard masks of his face to patrons as they entered the ground.

Every two years an ICC World Twenty20 tournament is to take place, except in the event of an ICC Cricket World Cup being scheduled in the same year, in which case it will be held the year before. The first tournament was in 2007 in South Africa where India defeated Pakistan in the final. Two Associate teams had played in the first tournament, selected through the 2007 ICC World Cricket League Division One, a 50-over competition. In December 2007 it was decided to hold a qualifying tournament with a 20-over format to better prepare the teams. With six participants, two would qualify for the 2009 World Twenty20 and would each receive $250,000 in prize money.[18] The second tournament was won by Pakistan who beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets in England on 21 June 2009. The 2010 ICC World Twenty20 tournament was held in West Indies in May 2010, where England defeated Australia by 7 wickets. The 2012 ICC World Twenty20 was won by the West-Indies, by defeating Sri Lanka at the finals. It was the first time in Cricket history when a T20 World Cup tournament took place in an Asian country. The 2014 ICC World Twenty20 was won by Sri Lanka, by defeating India at the finals, where the tournament was held in Bangladesh.

Impact on the game

Twenty20 matches can have some exciting displays such as when the batsmen run out to the pitch

Twenty20 cricket is claimed to have resulted in a more athletic and "explosive" form of cricket. Indian fitness coach Ramji Srinivasan declared in an interview with the Indian fitness website Takath.com, that Twenty20 had "raised the bar" in terms of fitness levels for all players, demanding higher levels of strength, speed, agility and reaction time from all players regardless of role in the team.[19] Matthew Hayden credited retirement from international cricket with aiding his performance in general and fitness in particular in the Indian Premier League.[20]

In June 2009, speaking at the annual Cowdrey Lecture at Lord's, former Australian wicketkeeper Adam Gilchrist pushed for Twenty20 to be made an Olympic sport. "It would," he said, "be difficult to see a better, quicker or cheaper way of spreading the game throughout the world."[21]

Match format and rules

Format

Twenty20 match format is a form of limited overs cricket in that it involves two teams, each with a single innings, the key feature being that each team bats for a maximum of 20 overs. In terms of visual format, the batting team members do not arrive from and depart to traditional dressing rooms, but come and go from a "bench" (typically a row of chairs) visible in the playing arena, analogous to association football's "technical area" or a baseball "dugout".

Middlesex playing against Surrey at Lord's, in front of a 28,000-strong crowd

General rules

The Laws of cricket apply to Twenty20, with some exceptions:[22]

  • Each bowler may bowl a maximum of only one-fifth of the total overs per innings. For a full, uninterrupted match, this is 4 overs.
  • If a bowler delivers a no ball by overstepping the popping crease, it costs 1 run and his next delivery is designated a "free-hit". In this circumstance the batsman can only be dismissed through a run out, hitting the ball twice, obstructing the field or handling the ball.
  • The following fielding restrictions apply:
    • No more than five fielders can be on the leg side at any time.
    • During the first six overs, a maximum of two fielders can be outside the 30-yard circle (this is known as the powerplay).
    • After the first six overs, a maximum of five fielders can be outside the fielding circle.
  • If the fielding team does not start to bowl their 20th over within 75 minutes, the batting side is credited an extra six runs for every whole over bowled after the 75-minute mark; the umpire may add more time to this if he believes the batting team is wasting time.

Tie deciders

Main article: Super Over

Currently, if the match ends with the scores tied and there must be a winner, the tie is broken with a one over per side "Eliminator"[23] or "Super Over":[24][25] Each team nominates three batsmen and one bowler to play a one-over per side "mini-match". The team which bats second in the match bats first in the Super Over.[26][27] In turn, each side bats one over bowled by the one nominated opposition bowler, with their innings over if they lose two wickets before the over is completed. The side with the higher score from their Super Over wins. If the super over also ends up in a tie, the team that has scored the most boundaries (4s+6s) in the 20 overs wins.

In the Australian domestic competition the Big Bash League the Super Over is played slightly differently, with no 2-wicket limit, and if the super over is also tied then a "countback" is used, with scores after the fifth ball for each team being used to determine the result. If it is still tied, then the countback goes to 4 balls and so on.[28] The latest Super Over to decide a match was between the Melbourne Stars winning against the Sydney Sixers on the 5th of January, 2015, in the Big Bash League at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, with the Stars winning 19/0 to 9/2 in the Super Over after tying on 150.[29]

Tied Twenty20 matches were previously decided by a "bowl-out".[30]

International

Main article: Twenty20 International

Twenty20 Internationals have been played since 2005. To date, 20 nations have played the format, including all test playing nations.

Nation Date of T20I debut
 Australia 17 February 2005
 New Zealand 17 February 2005
 England 13 June 2005
 South Africa 21 October 2005
 West Indies 16 February 2006
 Sri Lanka 15 June 2006
 Pakistan 28 August 2006
 Bangladesh 28 November 2006
 Zimbabwe 28 November 2006
 India 1 December 2006
 Kenya 1 September 2007
 Scotland 12 September 2007
 Netherlands 2 August 2008
 Ireland 2 August 2008
 Canada 2 August 2008
 Bermuda 3 August 2008
 Afghanistan 2 February 2010
   Nepal 16 March 2014
 Hong Kong 16 March 2014
 United Arab Emirates 17 March 2014
 Oman 25 July 2015

T20 International rankings

Main article: ICC World Twenty20 rankings

In November 2011, the ICC released the first Twenty20 International rankings, based on the same system as the Test and ODI rankings. The rankings cover a 2 to 3-year period, with matches since the most recent 1 August weighted fully, matches in the preceding 12 months weighted two-thirds, and matches in the 12 months preceding that weighted one-third. To qualify for the rankings, teams must have played at least eight Twenty20 Internationals in the ranking period.[31]

[1]

ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings
Team Matches Points Rating
 India 70 18,747 268
 Australia 48 12,417 259
 England 45 11,497 255
 West Indies 59 14,587 247
 New Zealand 54 13,324 247
 South Africa 46 11,345 247
 Pakistan 54 12,758 236
 Sri Lanka 48 11,159 232
 Bangladesh 56 12,797 229
 Afghanistan 42 9,322 222
 Ireland 49 9,629 197
 Zimbabwe 57 11,182 196
 Scotland 27 5,151 191
 Netherlands 28 5,131 183
 Namibia 41 7,456 183
 United Arab Emirates 58 10,389 179
   Nepal 46 7,852 171
 United States 30 5,010 167
 Oman 50 7,807 155
 Papua New Guinea 31 4,472 144
 Canada 28 3,914 140
 Uganda 74 10,041 136
 Hong Kong 47 6,173 131
 Kuwait 47 5,909 126
 Malaysia 50 6,123 122
 Jersey 26 3,063 118
 Bahrain 47 5,518 117
 Qatar 34 3,900 115
 Bermuda 19 2,148 113
 Spain 22 2,442 111
 Italy 18 1,944 108
 Saudi Arabia 41 4,409 108
 Kenya 56 5,870 105
 Tanzania 47 4,301 92
 Germany 32 2,860 89
 Nigeria 49 3,835 78
 Guernsey 23 1,759 76
 Singapore 29 2,217 76
 Norway 20 1,444 72
 Cayman Islands 17 1,204 71
 Denmark 25 1,711 68
 Portugal 17 1,071 63
 Cambodia 28 1,745 62
 Isle of Man 14 857 61
 Japan 36 2,174 60
 Belgium 29 1,710 59
 Austria 30 1,691 56
 France 24 1,325 55
  Switzerland 17 934 55
 Botswana 38 1,976 52
 Argentina 17 807 47
 Cook Islands 9 426 47
 Romania 28 1,316 47
 Malawi 30 1,369 46
 Thailand 34 1,549 46
 Sweden 17 770 45
 Finland 21 950 45
 Bahamas 16 716 45
 Czech Republic 19 809 43
 Vanuatu 22 884 40
 Philippines 24 894 37
 Mozambique 21 751 36
 Fiji 11 387 35
 Rwanda 82 2,872 35
 Samoa 11 357 32
 Ghana 33 1,045 32
 Estonia 19 597 31
 Indonesia 46 1,444 31
 Sierra Leone 30 840 28
 Luxembourg 28 753 27
 Malta 46 1,191 26
 Israel 7 178 25
 Belize 11 230 21
 Gibraltar 31 615 20
 Hungary 17 336 20
 Slovenia 8 150 19
 Cyprus 17 272 16
 Suriname 8 119 15
 Brazil 9 131 15
 Bhutan 27 359 13
 Panama 17 214 13
 Mexico 17 214 13
 Croatia 17 167 10
 Eswatini 22 212 10
 Maldives 31 234 8
 Saint Helena 8 53 7
 Cameroon 15 99 7
 China 11 53 5
 Bulgaria 25 96 4
 Serbia 22 70 3
 Lesotho 16 3 0
 Mongolia 14 0 0
 Turkey 9 0 0
 South Korea 8 0 0
 Seychelles 10 0 0
 Myanmar 19 0 0
 Mali 11 0 0
 Greece 8 0 0
 Gambia 9 0 0
References: ICC T20I rankings, As of 2 January 2025
"Matches" is the number of matches played in the 12–24 months since the May before last, plus half the number in the 24 months before that.

Domestic

An Indian Premier League match commencing at the Chepauk Stadium between Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders
Perth Scorchers taking on Hobart Hurricanes at the WACA during BBL 01 (2011)
Main article: List of domestic Twenty20 cricket competitions

This is a list of the current Twenty20 domestic competitions in several of the leading cricket countries.

Country Domestic Competition Number of Teams
Australia Big Bash League 8
Bangladesh Bangladesh Premier League 8
England NatWest t20 Blast 18
India Indian Premier League 8
Ireland Inter-Provincial Trophy 3
Netherlands, Scotland North Sea Pro Series 4
New Zealand Georgie Pie Super Smash 6
Pakistan Pakistan Super League 5
South Africa Ram Slam T20 Challenge 6
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Premier League 7
West Indies Caribbean Premier League 6

Records

Main article: List of Twenty20 cricket records

These statistics are correct as of 6 November 2015 and include all first-class-equivalent level Twenty20 matches.

Twenty 20 records

T20 International records

References

  1. ^ "The first official T20 in 2003".
  2. ^ "India hold their nerve to win thriller". ESPNcricinfo. 24 September 2007.
  3. ^ "Afridi fifty seals title for Pakistan". ESPNcricinfo. 21 June 2009.
  4. ^ Newman, Paul; Meet the man who invented Twenty20 cricket – the man missing out on millions; Daily Mail; 11 June 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009
  5. ^ Matches played 13 June 2003 ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008
  6. ^ Twenty20 Cup, 2003, Final – Surrey v Warwickshire ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 June 2008
  7. ^ Weaver, Paul (25 May 2009). "Usman Afzaal gives Surrey winning start but absent fans fuel concerns". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  8. ^ "Sellout at WACA for Twenty20 match". ESPNcricinfo. 12 January 2005. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  9. ^ "Guyana crowned Stanford 20/20 champions". ESPNcricinfo. 14 August 2006.
  10. ^ "Dates for Stanford Twenty20 announced". The Jamaica Observer. 9 February 2006.
  11. ^ "Gabba fans let in for free". Cricket20.com.
  12. ^ "India crash to nine-wicket defeat". ESPNcricinfo. 1 February 2008.
  13. ^ "Udal leads Middlesex for Stanford". ESPNcricinfo. 3 October 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  14. ^ McGlashan, Andrew (27 October 2008). "Ramdin leads T&T to big-money glory". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  15. ^ McGlashan, Andrew (1 November 2008). "Gayle leads Superstars to millions". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  16. ^ "US tycoon charged over $8bn fraud". BBC News. 17 February 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  17. ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Largest margin of victory (by runs)". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  18. ^ "ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier to be held in Ireland". ESPNcricinfo. 13 December 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
  19. ^ "An interview with Ramji Srinivasan". Takath.com. 19 June 2009.
  20. ^ "Hayden heroics shining light of IPL". The Canberra Times. 13 May 2009. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 18 September 2009 suggested (help)
  21. ^ Quoted in Booth, Lawrence. "Myths; And stereotypes." The Spin, 30 June 2009.
  22. ^ "Twenty20 Rules". CricketWorld4U. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  23. ^ "One-over eliminator could replace bowl-out". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  24. ^ "Windies edge NZ in Twenty20 thriller". abc.net.au Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  25. ^ "Benn stars in thrilling tie". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
  26. ^ "Vettori opposes Super Over". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. 26 December 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  27. ^ The Explainer (13 January 2009). "One1". cricinfo.com cricinfo.com. Retrieved 5 February 2009.
  28. ^ "KFC T20 Big Bash League: Rules". KFC T20 Big Bash League. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  29. ^ "Stars stay alive in Super Over thriller". cricket.com.au cricinfo.com. 5 January 2015. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  30. ^ "Super Over to replace bowl out". ESPN CricInfo. 27 October 2008. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  31. ^ ICC Team Rankings
  32. ^ "Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  33. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Team records / Highest innings totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  34. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Most runs in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  35. ^ a b "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Most runs in an career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  36. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Most sixes in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  37. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Most hundreds in a career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  38. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Fastest hundreds". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  39. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Batting records / Fastest fifties". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  40. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Bowling records / Most wickets in career". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  41. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Bowling records / Best figures in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  42. ^ "Records / Twenty20 matches / Partnership records / Highest partnerships for any wicket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
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