105 mm gun T5
| 105mm L/65 T5E1 | |
|---|---|
 The T5E1 as mounted on the T29E3 heavy tank | |
| Type | Tank gun |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| Used by | United States |
| Production history | |
| Produced | 1940s |
| Variants | T5E1, T5E2 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2,383.63 kg (5,255.0 lb) |
| Length | 7.53 m (24.7 ft) |
| Barrel length | 6.83 m (22.4 ft) (L/65) |
| Caliber | 105 mm (4.1 in) |
| Rate of fire | 6 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 945 m/s (3,100 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 1,829 m (2,000 yd) (Estimated) |
The 105mm L/65 T5E1 was an American rifled anti-tank gun developed in 1945. The T5E1 was the main armament for several American WWII heavy tanks, most notably the T29 Heavy Tank.
Development
The project to develop a tank gun of 105mm (4.1in) in caliber was first started during WWII in order to compete with increasing heavily armored German tanks. After the invasion of Europe, the Ordinance Department believed there would be a need for heavily armored tanks equipped with powerful armaments to break through fortified areas.[1] They proposed that existing T1E1 Heavy Tank prototypes be uparmored and mount the new 105mm T5E1. The modified T1E1s mounting the T5E1 in enlarged turrets from the proposed T29 project were designated M6A2E1. The M6A2E1 project was cancelled on August 18, 1944 by General Eisenhower, but two M6A2E1s were retained to test the armament and gun for the upcoming T29 Heavy Tank.
The first models of the T29 Heavy Tank delivered mounted the T5E1. It was mounted in a large cast turret featuring a thick mantlet. With the passage of OCM 28848, the program changed to a postwar developmental study consisting of only 8 tanks. The T29E1 and T29E3 series maintained the T5E1 during testing. Models T29 and T29E2 equipped the T5E2 gun. This was due to the addition of a hydraulic power traverse and elevation mechanism developed from MIT that was tested on these models.[2]
The 105mm T5E1 was also used in the T28 Super Heavy Tank/T95 GMC project. In 1943 it was determined that there would soon be a need for a heavily armored and armed breakthrough tank. The T28 was developed from these specifications. The T5E1 in the T28 was mounted in the hull of the tank with traverse limited to 10 degrees to the left and right of center, 15 degrees of elevation, and 5 degrees of depression. Two T28s were built, and both were armed with T5E1 guns. The T28 project was cancelled in late 1947, bringing the end of the T5E1 being mounted in that tank. [3]
With the cancellation of the T28 Super Heavy Tank and T29 Heavy Tank projects in the late 1940's, work on the 105mm T5E1 and 105mm T5E2 was stopped. The gun never fully completed trials.
Performance
The T5E1 used two-part separated ammunition like the 155mm T7 gun on the T30 Heavy Tank. It had a high velocity of 945m/s (3,100ft/s), comparable to the 120mm T53 on the T34 Heavy Tank which also had a muzzle velocity of 945m/s. The T5E1 had significantly better armor penetration characteristics than the 155mm T7 mounted on the T30 Heavy Tank, which had a muzzle velocity of only 701m/s (2,300ft/s).[4]
The T5E1 featured a variety of shells, including the AP-T T32 (APBC-T), HVAP-T T29E3 (APCR-T), and HE T30E1 (HE). At 914m (1,000yd) the AP-T T32 shot could penetrate 135mm (5.3in) of Homogeneous Armor at a 30 degree angle, and 84mm (3.3in) of Homogeneous Armor at a 60 degree angle.[5]
Variants
- T5E1 - Model using mount T123, with three recoil cylinders on top of the gun cradle
- T5E2 - Model modified to use mount T123E1 and T123E2, with two recoil cylinders on top of the gun cradle and one on the bottom
References
- ^ Hunnicutt, Richard P. (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. p. 59. ISBN 978-0891413042.
- ^ Hunnicutt, Richard P. (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. p. 81. ISBN 978-0891413042.
- ^ Hunnicutt, Richard P. (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. p. 67. ISBN 978-0891413042.
- ^ Hunnicutt, Richard P. (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. pp. 224–5. ISBN 978-0891413042.
- ^ Hunnicutt, Richard P. (1988). Firepower: A History of the American Heavy Tank. Brattleboro, Vermont: Echo Point Books & Media. p. 224. ISBN 978-0891413042.
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