Yapurarra
The Jaburara ('Northerners') were an Indigenous Australian people who once lived about the Pilbara region of Western Australia and the Dampier Archipelago. The traditional tribe is virtually extinct,[1] though some people of Jaburara descent are still active.[2]
Language
The Jaburara (Yaburarra) are thought to have spoken a language similar to Ngarluma, affiliated with the Ngayarda languages.[3]
Country
The Jaburara owned some 200 square miles (520 km2) of territory from around Dampier, Burrup, Nichol Bay and the peninsula northwards to the Dolphin and Legendre islands.[1]
Early Contact
During one of Phillip Parker King's voyages on the HMS Mermaid to survey the Australian coast, an attempt was made to communicate in February 1817 with members of the tribe, three of whom had been sighted off-shore floating on a log in the vicinity of present-day Karratha (Good Country). The intermediary used was the ship's interpreter Bungaree, who, speaking the Broken Bay Dharug language could not understand them, but managed to calm their anxieties by undressing and showing he wore ritual scars.[4]
Resistance and extinction
The Jaburara, together with other local tribes such as the Ngarluma and Mardu-Dunera fought against the colonization of their lands by white settlers.[5] According to an American whaler at the time, the law that accompanied settlement in their region could be summed up as 'a word and a blow: the blow, which is generally fatal, coming first'.[6] In 1868, near the present-day township of Roebourne, in an area known in the local language as Murujuga (hip bone sticking out), two policemen and a native tracker had been killed. The suspects, 3 Jaburara men, were duly caught and sentenced to imprisonment. Two parties, made up of north coast pearlers and settler pastoralists had been given permission by the district authority to apply lethal force 'with discretion and judgement',[7] and they attacked Jaburara encampments in a pincer movement. In what is now known as the Flying Foam massacre it has been estimated that up to 60 Jaburara were killed.[7] In one camp alone, some 15 were killed.[8] Following the La Grange massacre, this episode constitutes the second known example of the use of massacre to forcibly remove an indigenous north Western population.[9] One small 'family' was recorded in the first half of the 20th century as still surviving[1] but the massacre effectively cut off the tribe's connections to the islands.[10]
Heritage
The Jaburara heritage is attested by rock quarries, extensive archaic petroglyphs, grindstones used by native women to make flour from native seeds, nomadic camps, and middens to be found along the Jaburara Heritage Trail, which winds through an area containing some of the most extensive remains of ancient Aboriginal rock art, some dating back 25,000 years.[11][12]
Alternative names
- Jaburara-ngaluma. (northern Ngaluma)
- Jaburrara-ngarluma.
- Madoitja. (perhaps).[13]
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ a b c Tindale 1974, p. 242.
- ^ Taylor & Scambary 2005, p. 46.
- ^ Thieberger 1993, p. 100.
- ^ Shellam 2015, pp. 89–91.
- ^ Stannage 1981, p. 99.
- ^ Gibbs 2010, p. 28.
- ^ a b Knafla 2016, p. 79.
- ^ Gara 1983, pp. 85–94.
- ^ Walsh 2015.
- ^ Veth 2015.
- ^ Van Driesum 2002, p. 343.
- ^ Flood 1999, pp. 66–67.
- ^ Tindale 1974.
References
- "AIATSIS map of Indigenous Australia". AIATSIS.
- "Tindale Tribal Boundaries" (PDF). Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Western Australia. September 2016.
- Flood, Josephine (1999). The Riches of Ancient Australia: An Indispensable Guide for Exploring Prehistoric Australia (3rd ed.). University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-702-23083-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Gara, Tom (1983). "The Flying Foam Massacre: An Incident on the North-west Frontier". In Smith, Moya (ed.). Archaeology at ANZAAS. Western Australian Museum. pp. 86–94.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Gibbs, Martin (2010). The Shore Whalers of Western Australia: Historical Archaeology of a Maritime Frontier. Sydney University Press. ISBN 978-0-855-64181-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Knafla, Louis A. (2016). "Policing Aboriginal People on the Settler Frontier". In Nettelbeck, Amanda; Smandych, Russell; Knafla, Louis A. (eds.). Fragile Settlements: Aboriginal Peoples, Law, and Resistance in South-West Australia and Prairie Canada. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 62–83. ISBN 978-0-774-83091-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Shellam, Tiffany (2015). "Mediating Encounters through bodies and talk". In Konishi, Shino; Nugent, Maria; Shellam, Tiffany (eds.). Indigenous Intermediaries: New perspectives on exploration archives. Australian National University Press. pp. 85–102. ISBN 978-1-925-02277-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Stannage, Tom (1981). A New History of Western Australia. University of West Australia Press. ISBN 978-0-855-64181-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Taylor, John; Scambary, B. (2005). Indigenous People and the Pilbara Mining Boom: A Baseline for Regional Participation. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-1-920-94254-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Thieberger, Nicholas (1993). Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal Languages South of the Kimberley Region. Department of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Tindale, Norman Barnett (1974). Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names. Australian National University Press. ISBN 978-0-708-10741-6 – via South Australian Museum Archives.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Van Driesum, Rob (2002). Outback Australia. Lonely Planet.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Veth, Peter (17 December 2015). "Exile in the Kingdom: The Struggle for Cultural Heritage in the Pilbara". Cultural Anthropology.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Walsh, Aileen (17 December 2015). "A History of Forced Removal: Diminishing Returns in the Northwest of Western Australia". Cultural Anthropology.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)