paste (Unix)

paste

Operating system	Unix and Unix-like
Type	Command
License	GNU GPL v3

paste is a Unix command line utility which is used to join files horizontally (parallel merging) by outputting lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines of each file specified, separated by tabs, to the standard output. It is effectively the horizontal equivalent to the utility cat command which operates on the vertical plane of two or more files.

History

The version of paste bundled in GNU coreutils was written by David M. Ihnat and David MacKenzie.

Usage

The paste utility is invoked with the following syntax:

paste [options] [file1 ..]

Description

Once invoked, paste will read all its file arguments. For each corresponding line, paste will append the contents of each file at that line to its output along with a tab. When it has completed its operation for the last file, paste will output a newline character and move on to the next line.

Options

The paste utility accepts the following options:

-d delimiters, which specifies a list of delimiters to be used instead of tabs for separating consecutive values on a single line. Each delimiter is used in turn; when the list has been exhausted, paste begins again at the first delimiter.

-s, which causes paste to append the data in serial rather than in parallel; that is, in a horizontal rather than vertical fashion.

Examples

For the following examples, assume that names.txt is a plain-text file that contains the following information:

Mark Smith
Bobby Brown
Sue Miller
Jenny Igotit

and that numbers.txt is another plain-text file that contains the following information:

555-1234
555-9876
555-6743
867-5309

The following example shows the invocation of paste with names.txt and numbers.txt as well as the resulting output:

$ paste names.txt numbers.txt
Mark Smith	555-1234
Bobby Brown	555-9876
Sue Miller	555-6743
Jenny Igotit	867-5309

When invoked with the -s option, the output of paste is adjusted such that the information is presented in a horizontal fashion:

$ paste -s names.txt numbers.txt
Mark Smith	Bobby Brown	Sue Miller	Jenny Igotit
555-1234	555-9876	555-6734	867-5309

Finally, the use of the -d option (delimiters) is illustrated in the following example:

$ paste -d ., names.txt numbers.txt
Mark Smith.555-1234
Bobby Brown,555-9876
Sue Miller.555-6743
Jenny Igotit,867-5309

As an example usage of both, the paste command can be used to concatenate multiple consecutive lines into a single row:

$ paste -s -d '\t\n' names.txt
Mark Smith       Bobby Brown
Sue Miller       Jenny Igotit

See also

• join
• cut
• List of Unix commands

External links

• "PASTE(1) - FreeBSD General Commands Manual". Retrieved 2010-08-12.