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2019–2020 Hong Kong protests

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2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests
Hundreds of thousands of protesters marching in the 9 June protest, captured in Hennessy Road
Date28 April 2019 – ongoing
(5 years, 5 months and 2 weeks)
Location
Hong Kong: Dozens of other cities abroad
Caused byThe proposal of the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 by the Government of Hong Kong
Goals
MethodsOccupations, sit-ins, civil disobedience, mobile street protests, internet activism, mass strike
StatusOngoing
Parties
Pro-democracy activists
Arrests and injuries
Death(s)1[1]
Injuries72[2] (as of 12 June 2019)
Arrested30[3][4] (as of 14 June 2019)

The 2019 Hong Kong anti-extradition bill protests are a series of demonstrations in Hong Kong and other cities around the world, demanding the withdrawal of the Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 proposed by the Government of Hong Kong. It is feared that the bill would cause the city to open up to mainland Chinese law and that people from Hong Kong could become subject to a different legal system.

Various protests have been launched in Hong Kong by the general public and legal communities. Among these, the 9 June protest organised by the Civil Human Rights Front (CHRF), which the organisation estimates was attended by 1.03 million people, has gained wide mass media coverage.[5] Protests in other places were also staged by overseas Hongkongers and locals.

The protests are the largest protests in Hong Kong since the Umbrella Movement in 2014.

Despite the widespread demonstrations, the government insists on the bill's passage, stating that the bill is urgent and that the legal "loophole" should be fixed.[6] The second reading was originally scheduled on 12 June but was not held due to protests,[7] and a scheduled meeting on the next day, 13 June, was also postponed.[8]

On 15 June 2019, the bill was indefinitely delayed by Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam.[9]

Background

Main article: Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019

The Fugitive Offenders and Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Legislation (Amendment) Bill 2019 (Chinese: 2019年逃犯及刑事事宜相互法律協助法例(修訂)條例草案) is a proposed bill regarding extradition to amend the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance (Cap. 503) in relation to special surrender arrangements and the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Ordinance (Cap. 525) so that arrangements for mutual legal assistance can be made between Hong Kong and any place outside Hong Kong.[10] The bill was proposed by the Hong Kong government in February 2019 to request the surrender of a Hong Kong suspect in a homicide case in Taiwan. The government proposed to establish a mechanism for transfers of fugitives not only for Taiwan, but also for Mainland China and Macau, which are not covered under the existing laws.[11]

First protest: 31 March

Thousands of protesters marched on the street against the proposed extradition law on 31 March 2019.

The first protest, launched by Civil Human Rights Front (CHRF) on 31 March started from Luard Road (Southorn Playground) and ended at Civic Square. Protesters chanted "With extradition to the mainland, Hong Kong becomes a dark prison" and "Stop the evil law".

Lam Wing-kee, the owner of Causeway Bay Books who disappeared along with his other colleagues in 2015, led the rally along with other pro-democracy group members. Lam has since left Hong Kong for Taiwan due to fears for his personal security.[12]

The organisation said that 12,000 attended the march, while the Hong Kong Police Force estimated just 5,200 people. The organisers stated that there would be further protests if the government still insisted with the bill.[13]

Second protest: 28 April

Tens of thousands of protesters marched on the street against the proposed extradition law on 28 April 2019.

On 28 April, 130,000 protesters joined the march against the proposed extradition law according to organisers, while police estimated that only 22,800 joined. The turnout was the largest since an estimated 510,000 joined the annual 1 July protest in 2014. The rally started from Causeway Bay to the Legislative Council in Admiralty, which is a 2.2 km route. It took more than 4 hours.[14] Vice-convenor of the CHRF, Figo Chan Ho-hang, threatened to escalate its opposition if the government did not withdraw the bill.[14]

A day after the protest, Chief Executive Carrie Lam was adamant that the bill would be enacted and said the Legislative councillors had to pass new extradition laws before their summer break, even though the man at the heart of the case used to justify the urgency of new legislation Chan Tong-kai had been jailed for 29 months shortly before.[15] Chan received a prison sentence of 29 months on 29 April. However, since he had already been detained for 13 months since his arrest in Hong Kong, his sentence would end in August 2020. Secretary for Security John Lee said that Chan could be released by October at the earliest since good behaviour in prison can result in a one-third reduction of a prisoner's sentence, and he would then be free to leave the city.[16]

Lawyers' silent march: 6 June

Thousands of lawyers marched in black against the extradition bill on 6 June 2019.

In a rare protest, more than 3,000 Hong Kong lawyers, representing around one quarter of the city's lawyers, marched against the bill. Wearing black, they marched from the Court of Final Appeal to the Central Government Offices on 6 June. They then stood in front of the government headquarters looking at the building for three minutes silently.[17]

The march was organised by Dennis Kwok, Legislative Councillor for the Legal constituency. It was the fifth, and largest, protest march held by lawyers in Hong Kong since 1997 after a series of intrusions by the Chinese Government.[18]

While lawyers expressed grave reservations about the openness and fairness of the justice system in China, limited access to a lawyer, and the prevalence of torture, Secretary for Security John Lee said the legal sector did not really understand the bill. A senior barrister complained that government's inability or unwillingness to listen was polarising, adding that it was "so stupid, so arrogant".[18]

Third protest: 9 June

Protest in Hong Kong

Daytime march

The organisers said there were record breaking 1.03 million protesters showing up in the streets on 9 June.

In response to the proposed bill, the Civil Human Rights Front called a march from Victoria Park, Causeway Bay to the Legislative Council in Admiralty on 9 June—an approximately 3km (1.86mi) route.[19][20] Hundreds of thousands of protesters were drawn to the street, wearing white to symbolise "light and brightness" and justice, chanting "Scrap the evil law," "Oppose China extradition" and "Carrie Lam resign" and waving Taiwanese flags on the day.[21][22]

Protesters brought Hong Kong Island to a halt from early afternoon until late at night. The MTR enacted crowd control measures in which the police ordered trains not to stop at Wan Chai, Causeway Bay and Tin Hau stations for several hours.[23] Protesters had to get off at Fortress Hill in order to join the protest from there.[24] Police urged protesters to march from Victoria Park before the 3 pm start-time to ease overcrowding. During the march, there were several times when protesters come to a standstill due to the limited road space. People demanded that the police opened up more roads. It was only after some protesters climbed over a metal barricade and walked on lanes originally reserved for traffic that police opened up all lanes on Hennessy Road, having previously refused to do so.[25]

A huge number of protesters were still leaving Victoria Park up to four hours after the start time and were still arriving at the end-point at Admiralty seven hours after the protest began.[26]

Jimmy Sham, convener of the CHRF said that 1.03 million people attended the march—the largest protest Hong Kong has seen since the 1997 handover—surpassing the turnout seen at mass rallies in support of the Tiananmen protests of 1989 and 1 July March 2003.[27] The police countered with an estimate of 270,000 at its peak.[28][29][30] In the Hong Kong Free Press, Evan Fower noted that the police had "become notorious for using highly selective methods to significantly underreport numbers, but that the demonstration was "beyond doubt ... the largest one-day protest in Hong Kong's history".[31]

Other than the march, more than a dozen ships carrying banners with slogans supporting the bill cruised Victoria Harbour.[32] Around 20 supporters from the Safeguard Hong Kong Alliance—a pro-government group—showed up at Tamar to support the bill around 12 pm.[33]

Night-time clashes

The protest in Harcourt Road during night with police in standby.

Hundreds of protesters camped out in front of the government headquarters well into the night, with more joining them in response to calls from Demosisto and pro-independence activists. The Civil Human Rights Front officially called an end to the march at 10 pm, however, around 100 protesters remained at the Civic Square.[34]

Pro-independence groups, Student Localism and the Students Independent Union, called for protesters to stay after the day march and storm the legislative council. Some protesters called for street occupations as a further show of strength, while others insisted of a peaceful protest. Still, around 500 people occupied Harcourt Road and Lung Wo Road, while police urged protesters to leave.[32]

A stand-off with police around midnight descended into chaos following a press release from the Hong Kong government stating the bill reading would continue as planned—unchanged from before the protests. Protesters in Civic Square, most of them wearing face masks, threw bottles and metal barriers at the police, while the police tried to drive them away with batons and pepper spray.[28] Anti-riot officers arrived, and warned protesters that they would "command appropriate force".[35]

Protesters in Harcourt Road and Lung Wo Road moved simultaneously, and threw metal barricades placed by the police. They then protested and chanted in Gloucester Road.[32] SCMP commented the night protest as "the scene of bigger clashes during the 2014 Occupy movement for greater democracy".[34] The protest ended at around 3 am, with several police officers and protesters injured.[34] There were 19 arrests; 358 protesters (80% younger than 25) were stopped and searched near the Old Wan Chai Police Station, and had their ID recorded.[36]

Solidarity protests around the world

At least 29 rallies were held in 12 countries with protesters taking to the streets in cities around the world with significant Hong Kong diaspora, including about 4,000 in London, about 3,000 in Sydney, and further rallies in New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Boston, Toronto, Vancouver, Berlin, Frankfurt, Tokyo, Sydney, Canberra, Melbourne, Brisbane and Taipei.[37][38] As one of the biggest overseas protests, hundreds of demonstrators mostly made up of Hong Kong immigrants filled the street outside the Chinese consulate-general in Vancouver with yellow umbrellas (referencing the 2014 Umbrella Movement) and chants against the extradition law. More than 60 people gathered outside the White House in Washington to protest against the bill.[39]

Fourth protest: 12 June

Protests in Hong Kong

Protesters on Harcourt Road on 12 June 2019, adjacent to the Central Government Complex

Protests resumed on 12 June following an announcement from the government that the bill will continue its reading. Sit-ins in the government headquarters have taken place since the morning. It is alleged that the police intentionally prevented new protestors from reaching the designated protest site. As the crowd built up at the MTR exit on the other side of the bridge of the government headquarters, skirmishes occurred and eventually the crowd broke into Harcourt Road, the main traffic route of Hong Kong Island. An hour-long occupation by tens of thousands followed, mimicking the Umbrella Movement in 2014.[40]

Tear gas fired by the police to the protesters in Tim Mei Avenue.

In the afternoon, the police fired 150 tear gas, 20 beanbag shots, several rubber bullets and smoke bombs on protesters outside the Legislative Council's complex.[41] Protesters, while chanting "withdraw!" and moving barricades, wore face masks, goggles, umbrellas and makeshift body armour to protect themselves.[42]

The government and police controversially declared that the protest had "turned into a riot".[43][44][45] Seventy-two people aged between 15 and 66 have been injured, with two men in a critical condition.[46] SCMP stated that the protests were "reminiscent of—and even more intense than—the Occupy protests of 2014".[47]

The police have been blamed for their actions during the protests. The pro-democracy camp condemned the level of force used and stated that the force used is not proportional as protesters are "weapon-less young people".[48] The Hong Kong Journalists Association said that the police "trampled on reporters", and that the police has ignored the safety of the reporters. They complained that the police have unreasonably interfered their work with flashlights and by dispersing them. HKJA added that some police officers has insulted them with foul language, called them “trash", and shouted to them "reporters have no special privilege".[49]

File:HK Police Firing Rubber Bullets at Local Protestors.jpg
Police firing rubber bullets at protestors in breaking up Admiralty's protest.

Overnight, 2,000 protesters from religious groups held a vigil outside the government offices, with some singing hymns and joining in prayers.[50] Various trade unions, businesses and schools also vowed to stage protests.[51] The Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union has called for a city-wide strike for a week. At least 4,000 Hong Kong teachers have followed the call.[52]

At around 4 PM, on 15 June, a man in a yellow rain jacket was standing on the roof of Pacific Place to place protest signs against the extradition bill. At around 9PM, as the firefighters attempted to save him, the firefighters held onto his shirt, but his shirt fell off. He fell onto the street and was later pronounced dead at 10:20pm.[1]

Protests in other cities

In Taipei, representatives from 24 Taiwanese civic groups, including Taiwan Association for Human Rights, protested outside Hong Kong's representative office in Taipei, while shouting slogans such as "Taiwan supports Hong Kong." In Kaohsiung, around 150 Hong Kong students staged a sit-in protest requesting the Hong Kong government to withdraw the bill.[53] In Adelaide, 150 people protested against the extradition law.[54]

Mothers' sit-in protest: 14 June

On 12 June, Carrie Lam fielded a television interview on TVB, in which she lamented that as a mother, she would not have tolerated her children's behaviour if they were to protest violently, as the young protesters did on 12 June. On 14 June, 6,000 people (according to the organizers), mostly mothers, staged a sit-in in the evening for 3 hours. In Chater Garden, the protesters, dressed in black and holding carnations, called on Carrie Lam to step down and the government to retract the bill. The organizers said they had also collected more than 44,000 signatures in a petition condemning the views Lam expressed in the interview.[55]

Censorship

The protests were mostly censored from Mainland Chinese social media, such as Sina Weibo.[56] Keyword searches of "Hong Kong," "HK" and "extradition bill" led to other official news and entertainment news. Accounts that posted content regarding the protest were also blocked.[57]

Bloomberg stated that protesters had been using Telegram to communicate in order to conceal their own identity and prevent tracking by the Chinese government.[58] The app's servers experienced a distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS attack) on 12 June. The app's founder Pavel Durov identified the origin of the attack as China, and stated that it "coincided in time with protests in Hong Kong".[59]

Reactions

  • Chief Executive Carrie Lam at the press conference with Secretary for Justice Teresa Cheng and Secretary for Security John Lee one day after the massive protest on 10 June.
     Hong Kong – Carrie Lam declined to answer questions at a public appearance in Ocean Park on 9 June afternoon. At 11 pm, the government issued a press statement, saying that it "acknowledge[s] and respect[s] that people have different views on a wide range of issues", but insisted the second reading debate on the bill would resume on 12 June.[60] Following 10 June violent clashes, Lam spoke in the next morning along with Secretary for Justice Teresa Cheng and Secretary for Security John Lee, stating that the size of the rally showed there were "clearly still concerns" over the bill but refused to withdraw it.[61] In a video published by the Hong Kong government news agency, the Information Services Department, Carrie Lam blamed the protesters for "organising a riot" that posed a threat to the security of the people.[62] In another interview with TVB, Lam said in tears that she had not "sold Hong Kong out", and that she loved and had made sacrifices for the city, but insisted that the bill would not be withdrawn.[63] Democratic Party LegCo member James To responded that many people in society, including himself, felt that Lam loved power and approval more than Hong Kong.[64]. On 15 June, the bill was indefinitely delayed by Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam.[9]
  •  People's Republic of China – After the first protest, the Beijing government blamed "outside interference" and voiced its support to the Hong Kong administration. The Foreign Ministry accused opponents of the proposed legislation of "collusion with the West".[65] State-run media such as China Daily cited more than 700,000 people backing the legislation through an online petition, "countering a protest by about 240,000 people"[66][65] while the Global Times dismissed the mass demonstration on 9 June, stating that "some international forces have significantly strengthened their interaction with the Hong Kong opposition in recent months".[67]
  • Press conference by Taiwan Association for Human Rights to support Hong Kong protesters against the bill on 12 June 2019.
     Republic of China (Taiwan) – President of Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen expressed her solidarity with the people of Hong Kong, remarking that Taiwan's democracy was hard-earned and had to be guarded and renewed, and pledged that one country, two systems would never be an option as long as she was President.[68] She also posted on Instagram to provide support for "Hongkongers on the front line", saying that the Taiwanese people would support all those who fight for free speech and democracy.[69] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan stated that they stood shoulder to shoulder with the hundreds of thousands in Hong Kong fighting against the extradition bill and for rule of law, adding, "Taiwan is with you!".[70]
  •  United States – A U.S. State Department official voiced support for the 9 June protesters, saying that "the peaceful demonstration of hundreds of thousands of Hongkongers yesterday clearly shows the public's opposition to the proposed amendments." They also called on the Hong Kong government to ensure that "any amendments to the Fugitive Offenders Ordinance should be pursued with great care."[71] United States House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi strongly condemned the bill and offered support to the protesters. "The hearts of all freedom-loving people were moved by the courage of the one million men and women of Hong Kong who took to the streets on Sunday to peacefully demand their rights, defend their sovereignty and denounce this horrific extradition bill" and that America stands with the people in Hong Kong.[72]
  •  United Kingdom – Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt urged the Hong Kong government to listen to the concerns of the protesters, stating that "it is essential that the authorities engage in meaningful dialogue and take steps to preserve Hong Kong's rights and freedoms and high degree of autonomy, which underpin its international reputation". He added that upholding the one country, two systems principle, which is legally bound in the Sino-British Joint Declaration, is vital to Hong Kong's future success.[73] The British Consulate in Hong Kong has also opened its doors for protesters needing sanctuary.[74]
  •  European Union – Parliamentary leader Guy Verhofstadt stated that scenes were inspirational for making a stand for human rights and the rule of law and that Europe was watching.[75]
  •  Japan – Tarō Kōno, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Japan, said, "I strongly hope that things will be settled early and Hong Kong's freedom and democracy will be maintained".[76]
  •  South Korea – The Bareunmirae Party, a minority party, stated that the party supports Hong Kong protesters, adding that the "Bareunmirae Party support the democratization movement in Hong Kong. We hear Hong Kong's cry for freedom and democracy with a strong echo."[77]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demonstrations against extradition bill in Hong Kong, 2019.

References

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  73. ^ "Foreign Secretary statement on protests in Hong Kong". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  74. ^ Ni, Adam (12 June 2019). "British consulate opens door to protesters needing sanctuary. #HongKong #antiELAB Other consulates should do the same, immediately". @adam_ni. Retrieved 12 June 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  75. ^ Verhofstadt, Guy (12 June 2019). "Inspirational scenes in #HongKong as thousands make a stand for their human rights & the rule of law. Europe is watching". @guyverhofstadt. Retrieved 12 June 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)[non-primary source needed]
  76. ^ Tarol, Kono (13 June 2019). "香港の友人として、最近の情勢を大変心配しています。特に多くの負傷者が出ていることに心を痛めています。平和的な話合いを通じて、事態が早期に収拾され、香港の自由と民主が維持されることを強く期待します。". twitter.com. Retrieved 14 June 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)[non-primary source needed]
  77. ^ Jongcheol, Lee (14 June 2019). "자유와 민주주의를 향한 홍콩의 외침을 지지한다". bareunmirae.kr (in Korean). Retrieved 14 June 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)[non-primary source needed]

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