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Matveyev Kurgan

Coordinates: 47°34′18″N 38°51′44″E / 47.57167°N 38.86222°E / 47.57167; 38.86222
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Matveyev Kurgan (Russian: Матвеев Курган) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Matveyevo-Kurgansky District, Rostov Oblast, Russia. Population: 15,590 (2010 Census);[1] 14,364 (2002 Census);[2] 13,892 (1989 Soviet census).[3]

History

The Russians started settling the territory of what is now known as the Matveev Kurgan district since the beginning of the 18th century. This was under the orders of Peter I. The Mius river basin was being settled especially fast in the second half of the 1770s and early 1780s. Thus, the history of the district center – the village of Matveev Kurgan – dates back to 1780. It was founded by the Cossack ataman Ilovaiskiy. But these places are mentioned in the legend of "The Word about Igor's regiment". The eighteenth century was a time of the colonization of southern territories of Russia. Runaway serfs who were attracted by the favorable climate and proximity to seas and rivers migrated to Matveev Kurgan. Matvey was one of those settlers. He was know as "Terrible", because he was a terror to all passing carts. This legendary image is reminiscent of the famous Robin Hood. Like Robin Hood Matvey also robbed passing merchants and helped the poor, for which he was hated by the first and idolized by the second. Matvey spent all his life in the steppes of Primiusye, uniting hundreds of like-minded people, and became their leader – ataman. According to the legend explaining the name of the village, Matvey was killed and buried on the mound on the river Mius. According to one of the existing versions, now the building of the district hospital stands on this very place, another version points to the office the Center of employment of the population. Matvey’s death became a momentous event for all immigrants and their descendants. In Russian “kurgan” has another meaning – “grave”. The settlement Matveev Kurgan was formed around the ataman’s mound. The village is located in the north-western part of Rostov region on the left bank of the Mius river. A railway station standing 91 km from to Rostov-on-Don, 45 km from Taganrog. Since September 1937 Matveev Kurgan is part of Rostov region. The Great Patriotic War interrupted the peaceful labour of local inhabitants. In October 1941 German troops captured the area. Soon a powerful line of defense called the Mius-front was built. It was the place of fierce fighting. Having mastered Rostov-on-Don on February 14, 1943, the troops of the Southern Front rushed to the river Mius, and on February 17 Matveev Kurgan was liberated. Today Matveev Kurgan is proud of and famous for a great number of monuments of military glory: Monument "Anchor" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Motherland" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Regulator Maria" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Soldier" Matveev Kurgan, Monument "Tank T-34" Matveev Kurgan. Most of them became not only the landmarks of the district but the tourists’ attraction as well.

References

Notes

  1. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  3. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.

Sources

  • Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №340-ЗС от 25 июля 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области», в ред. Закона №270-ЗС от 27 ноября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в областной Закон "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Ростовской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Наше время", №187–190, 28 июля 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #340-ZS of July 28, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast, as amended by the Law #270-ZS of November 27, 2014 On Amending the Oblast Law "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Rostov Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Ростовской области. Закон №222-ЗС от 14 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ и наделении соответствующим статусом муниципального образования "Матвеево-Курганский район" и муниципальных образований в его составе». Вступил в силу с 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Наше время", №№319–320 (без приложений), 22 декабря 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Rostov Oblast. Law #222-ZS of December 14, 2004 On Establishing the Borders and Granting an Appropriate Status to the Municipal Formation of "Matveyevo-Kurgansky District" and to the Municipal Formations It Comprises. Effective as of January 1, 2005.).
  • Pugaev G.K. Years and people. Historical records; Taganrog, 2010, 212 p.
  • Cities and districts of the Rostov region: local history essays. Mironov E.V, Arutunova E.I...; Rostov-on-Don, 1987, 320 p.
  • Matveevo-Kurganskiy district, 90 years; L. Esina; Taganrog, 2013, 120 p.

47°34′18″N 38°51′44″E / 47.57167°N 38.86222°E / 47.57167; 38.86222

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