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Timeline of the Anglophone Crisis (2019)

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This is a timeline of the Anglophone Crisis during 2019.

January

  • On January 2, armed men chopped the hands or fingers off at least half a dozen workers at Cameroon Development Corporation. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.[1]
  • On January 3, armed men burned down the residence of Minister Dion Ngute in Bobongo, Ekondo-Titi, Southwest Region.[2] In Mbelenka, Lebialem, three gendarmes were wounded in a separatist attack.[3] In Widikum, Momo Division, an Ambazonian general was killed when security forces raided a separatist camp. Government forces claimed that 17 separatists were killed during the raid, while the separatists claimed that the general was the sole loss.[4] In Fundong, a police officer was killed.[5]
  • On January 4, separatists killed two soldiers and wounded two more in Fundong, seizing their weapons.[5]
  • On January 6, Anglophone Cameroonians in the diaspora organized protests to mark the first anniversary of the arrest of the Ambazonian leadership. Throughout the day, armed clashes took place in Muyuka, Bafut. Mundum and Mamfe.[6] In Mamfe, two Ambazonian generals were killed when their camps were raided by the Rapid Intervention Batallion.[7]
  • On January 10, Ambazonia's first president Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, as well as other Ambazonian leaders who had been extradited from Nigeria to Cameroon a year before, appeared before the Military Tribunal in Yaoundé.[8] This was followed by ghost towns all over the Anglophone regions. In Muyuka, heavy clashes led to a large military deployment.[9]
  • On January 11, government soldiers ambushed and killed at least 21 separatist fighters in Mbot, Nkambé, Northwest Region. According to villagers, the soldiers burned down several houses during the attack.[10]
  • On January 12, at least seven suspected separatists were killed in Alabukam, Northwest Region, bringing the total number of separatists killed over the weekend to at least 28.[11]
  • On January 15, unidentified gunmen illegally detained at least 36 people at the Buea-Kumba Highway.[12] They were released the next day, while the gunmen held on to phones and money.[13]
  • On January 16, separatist fighters killed a soldier in Ngoh.[14]
  • On January 18, a well-known investor and cattle owner from Wum was assassinated by suspected separatists. As a response, government forces raided a separatist camp in Wum two days later, killing at least six separatists.[15] Two soldiers were beheaded somewhere in Northwest Region.[14]
  • On January 19, unidentified gunmen set a truck on fire in Nkwen, Bamenda. Gunshots in front of public buildings forced civilians to flee.[16]
  • On January 22, the head of a decapitated security guard was displayed on a stick in the Kosala neighborhood of Kumba.[17]
  • On January 23, three people were arrested in Mamfe for smuggling ammunition from Nigeria.[18]
  • On January 24, the leader of Southern Cameroons Defence Forces (SOCADEF), General Andrew Ngoe, was killed in Matoh, Mbonge, alongside several other SOCADEF fighters. SOCADEF confirmed the loss.[19]
  • On January 25, two lawyers were abducted in Buea.[20]
  • On January 28, two separatists were killed during a clash in Bambili, and another three near Bamenda, where a policeman was also killed.[21] Clashes also took place in Bafut,[22] where Cameroonian forces launched a two-day offensive in which they captured a separatist camp. 14 separatists were killed in Bafut, while government casualties remained unclear.[23]

February

  • On February 2, three civilians were shot dead while participating in the funeral procession of a dead relative in Widikum, Momo Division. Their convoy had been stopped by separatist fighters, and security forces subsequently stormed the area. It remains unclear who fired the lethal shots.[24] In Kumba, overnight clashes kept thousands awake.[25]
  • On February 4, separatists declared a 10-day lockdown, telling people all across the Anglophone regions to stay at home from February 5-14.[26] The lockdown was a matter of controversy among the separatists, with a spokesperson of the Ambazonia Defence Forces arguing that it would be counterproductive.[27] In Mamfe, the corpses of nine young men were discovered.[28] In Ndu, at least three separatist fighters were killed in clashes with the army,[29] before heavy rains forced the army to abort its operation and retreat.[30] In Limbe, a military officer was killed in the neighborhood of Mukunda.[31] In Buea, one person was killed and another was wounded by armed men.[32]
  • On February 5, separatists initiated the planned ten-day lockdown. Large parts of Buea were closed down, while armed clashes took place in Muea and Muyuka. Most of Bamenda was closed down, with smaller clashes taking place.[30] In Muyuka, an Ambazonian Colonel was killed alongside two other separatist fighters.[33] In Mbengwi, two separatists died while attacking the Divisional Office there.[34]
  • On February 6, gunmen clashed with the security forces and burned three vehicles in Buea. A headless body was also discovered, possibly a security officer.[35] A banker who ran into the gunmen was shot.[36] In Bole-Bakundu, Mbonge, at least 22 people were killed when the army moved against separatists.[37] In Widikum, separatists attacked a military brigade, wounding five soldiers.[38] The United States announced it would be withholding military support to Cameroon over the government's handling of the crisis.[39]
  • On February 7, gunmen invaded parts of Limbe.[40] In Ndawara, Northwest Region, a separatist ambush on a military truck left six government soldiers wounded, three seriously. The security forces claimed to have killed 10 separatists.[41] 15 human rights organizations, including Civicus and the Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Africa, called on the UN to investigate "serious" human rights violations committed by Cameroonian troops.[42]
  • By February 8, according to Cameroon, 69 people had been killed in fighting since Tuesday ahead of Cameroon's Youth Day on the 11th, including 47 separatists, 16 civilians and six government soldiers. The separatists claimed to have killed more soldiers.[43]
  • On February 10, five youths were found massacred in Ekona.[44] In Kumba, a gunfight took place inside a market.[45]
  • On February 11, Youth Day celebrations had negligible turnout in the Anglophone regions, the Interim Government of Ambazonia having declared a lockdown in advance. In Bamenda, the Governor of Northwest Region, Adolph Lele l’Afrique, was escorted by soldiers to attend a small celebration. The military escort came under fire while driving to the ceremony, possibly resulting in casualties. The celebrations were boycotted in most major cities in the Anglophone regions, including Buea, Kumbo, Belo, Ndop, Ndu, Wum, Muyuka, Mamfe, Tombem, Mundemba and Lebialem, while there was a comparatively significant turnout in Nkambe.[46] In Kumba, unidentified arsonists put a hospital on fire, leading to the death of at least four people. The Cameroonian Army blamed separatists,[47] while separatists[48] and some eye witnesses claimed the army burned down the hospital after learning that separatist fighters were being treated there.[49] The Cameroonian Army also announced it had captured around 200 mercenaries who were about to disembark near Idenau.[50]
  • On February 12, there was a failed arson attempt on a hospital in Kumba.[51] Three corpses were left in the Kosala neighborhood of Kumba, possibly casualties from a gunfight just after midnight.[52] When the Governor of the South West Region travelled to Kumba to visit the hospital that was burned the day before, his convoy was attacked multiple times, leaving four soldiers injured.[49]
  • On February 14, the separatist-imposed ten-day lockdown came to an end. In Kumba, a staff member of the Kumba II council was killed by unidentified gunmen.[53]
  • On February 15, separatists blocked the Kumba-Mamfe highway.[54]
  • On February 16, the army stormed a neighborhood of Kumba after separatist fighters had been seen dancing in the streets there.[55] In Kumbo, unidentified gunmen abducted 176 people from Saint Augustine’s College, and released them the next day. The school subsequently announced it would shut down.[56]
  • On February 17, the Cameroonian military burned down at least 30 houses in Kumbo.[57]
  • On February 18, a police officer was killed in Kumba, and a Gendarmarie captain was killed in Mbonge.[58] In Mombo, Moungo Division, Littoral Region (roughly five kilometers across the border), unidentified gunmen struck late at night, killing two people and burning down the chief's palace.[59] In Bangem, gunmen attacked the Assistant Secretary General of President Paul Biya, Paul Elung Che, before making an unsuccessful attempt to burn down his residency.[60] In Elah, Bangem, suspected separatists put a house on fire, killing a man inside, before tracing down and killing his sons as well. According to sources, the man was accused of assisting the Cameroonian Army, while his sons served in the presidential guard.[61]
  • On February 19, at least six plantation workers had their fingers chopped up by unidentified gunmen in Tiko.[62]
  • On February 20, there were clashes in Buea.[63]
  • On February 21, separatists blocked a road in the Mile 14 Dibanda neighborhood of Buea, burning at least two vehicles.[64] In Bamenda, a journalist was abducted by gunmen and held captive for hours.[65]
  • On February 23, the annual Mount Cameroon Race of Hope was held in Buea. Due to separatist threats, attendance was marginal compared to previous years, with most of Buea being deserted.[66]
  • On February 24, a health center was burned down in the village of Nsuke, Tombel. Following the incident, the Divisional Officer of Tombel issued an ultimatum to the villagers of Nsuke, Mabe and Mbulle to arrest and hand over those responsible for the arson within 48 hours; he did not specify what would happen in the case of failure.[67]
  • On February 28, a vice principal was abducted from a high school in Kumba by gunmen, only to be released following the pleading of students and other teachers.[68] In Bafut and Mbiame, separatist attacks on army camps left one soldier and one separatist dead.[69]
  • At some point in February, a Rapid Intervention Battalion general was killed in an ambush in Lebialem.[70]

March

  • On March 1, a corpse with bullet wounds was discovered in Buea. According to local accounts, he had been killed by the BIR while extorting money while claiming to be a separatist.[71] In Bamenda, a student was abducted.[72] In three localities in Northwest Region, around 10 people were killed by government soldiers.[69] In Nigeria, a Federal High Court Judge ordered the return of 69 Ambazonian leaders and activists, including President Sisiku Julius Ayuk Tabe, to Nigeria, as their deportation to Cameroon in January 2018 violated the Nigerian constitution. The court also ruled that they should all receive financial compensation for their wrongful deportation.[73]
  • On March 2, the regional delegate of Northwest Region to the Ministry of Environment was illegally detained along with his wife by unidentified gunmen.[72]
  • On March 4, separatists and government forces clashed in Tombel, as the latter raided the area to challenge a ghost town. At least three houses were destroyed during the confrontations.[74]
  • On March 6, gunmen blocked the Kumba-Mamfe road.[75]
  • On March 8, an Ambazonian general was killed in Mbonge.[76]
  • On March 9, security forces and suspected separatists clashed in Malende, Kumba. One civilian was reported missing.[77]
  • On March 10, gunmen beheaded a man and displayed his head in Kumba.[78]
  • On March 14, Cameroonian soldiers killed at least 12 people (several of whom were burned alive), injured more and burned down several houses in Dunga Mantung and Menchum.[79]
  • On March 15, deadly clashes took place in Kumbo. In Bamenda, four young men were killed in unclear circumstances.[80]
  • On March 16, a police officer was burned alive by suspected separatists in Bamenda. The incident was followed by armed clashes, as security forces chased the suspected separatists.[81]
  • On March 19, around 80 people were illegally detained by gunmen along the Kumba-Buea Highway. The Rapid Intervention Battalion intervened, and managed to rescue all those abducted.[82]
  • On March 20, former minister Emmanuel Ngafeson Banta was abducted by suspected separatists in Bamenda,[83] and spent ten days in captivity before being released by his captors.[84] In Buea, 20 students at the University of Buea were abducted by separatist fighters and forced to declare loyalty to Ambazonia on video. They were all released the following day, some with bodily injuries.[85] In Kumba, a separatist was killed and his corpse abandoned.[86] In Lebialem, a botched raid by the Red Dragon militia on a military base left five of their fighters dead. According to contemporary reports, 'General Eyikeh', an assistant of Field Marshall Lekeaka Oliver, was one of the casualties;[87] these reports later turned out to be false.[88] On the Kumba-Buea Highway, a pregnant woman was killed by a bullet.[89]
  • On March 22, the Seven Karta militia set up concrete walls on the Bafut-Bamenda Highway in the villages of Agyati and Chum.[90]
  • On March 23, a gunman attacked a police station in Kumba.[91]
  • On March 25, separatist fighters burned down a local Inn in Tombel, apparently to punish one of their commanders whom they accused of corruption. The Inn belonged to a relative of said commander.[92]
  • On March 26, gunfire exchanges happened repeatedly in Kumba.[93] In Widikum, a total of nine people, including a pastor, a nurse and possibly soldiers were killed in an armed clash between separatists and security forces.[94] In Buea, security forces stopped an attempt by gunmen to abduct a teacher.[95] In Lebialem, security forces located and destroyed a Red Dragon base.[96]
  • On March 27, separatist fighters ambushed and killed two Cameroonian soldiers and two aides of a businessman in Donga-Mantung.[97]
  • On March 28, clashes in Wum left at least six people dead.[98]
  • On March 31, various Ambazonian movements (including the Interim Government, the Southern Cameroons National Council, Southern Cameroons Civil Society Consortium, Republic of Ambazonia and the African People's Liberation Movement) agreed to form the Southern Cameroons Liberation Council, a united front consisting of both separatists and federalists.[99]

April

  • On April 1, separatist fighters raided Penda Mboko, Littoral Region, where they attacked a security checkpoint and wounded three gendarmes. A 30-minute gunfight ensued, before reinforcements pushed the separatists back.[100] In Mutengene, Fako Division, mass arrests were carried out by security forces.[101]
  • On April 4, rumors of a separatist-imposed lockdown triggered an exodus of people from Buea. The Interim Government denied having ordered a lockdown.[102] The mayor of Buea said that businesses that did not remain open during the lockdown would be closed for 30 days.[103] In Meluf, Northwest Region, Cameroonian soldiers killed five civilians, including a disabled man, and wounded one more. Some of the corpses were mutilated.[104]
  • On April 5, the head coach of PWD Bamenda was kidnapped, held for a few hours and then released unharmed.[105] In Buea, a woman was killed by unidentified gunmen.[103]
  • On April 7, gunmen invaded parts of Buea and set fire to vehicles, triggering clashes with the security forces.[103] In Fongo-Tongo, Menoua, West Region, six children were kidnapped by unidentified gunmen;[106] a 10 million CFA franc ransom demand was later staked. The Red Dragon militia was pointed out as a suspect.[107] In Bamenda, a teacher was abducted and held for a week.[108]
  • On April 8, heavy clashes too place in Tole, Buea, prompting the arrival of military reinforcements to the area.[109] In Fuh, Ndu, at least four people were killed by Cameroonian soldiers, including the sub chief of the village.[110]
  • On April 9, the newly-established Southern Cameroons Liberation Council (SCLC) declared an early end to the 10-day lockdown that had started on April 4, citing how it mainly affected civilians. However, the Ambazonia Self-Defence Council, the armed wing of the Interim Government, declared that the SCLC had no authority to call off the lockdown.[111] The same day, the President of the Bangem High Court was abducted by gunmen in Buea.[112] He was released two days later.[113]
  • On April 11, two teachers were abducted by gunmen in Kumba, and a child was killed shortly afterwards - possibly by security forces. These incidents were followed by gun battles in several neighborhoods throughout the day, causing casualties on both sides.[114] In Bamenda, three waste management workers were abducted.[115]
  • On April 13, a corpse dressed in a military uniform was discovered in Bambui. There had been clashes between separatists and security forces the night before.[116]
  • On April 14, four Cameroonian soldiers and three separatist fighters were killed in Bali.[117] In Ekona, at least six people were killed in a government offensive.[118]
  • On April 15, a three-day separatist conference in Berlin came to an end. The event, which was organized by the Interim Government of Ambazonia and attended by more than 500 people, addressed misappropriation of money, the poor coordination between the separatist guerillas and changes within the Interim Government. Supporters of the Ambazonia Governing Council were largely absent at the meeting.[119] In Buea, security forces carried out mass arrests as they searched for separatist bases.[120]
  • On April 16, Ambazonian 'General Jesus' was killed in his home in Mile 16, Buea.[121] At least four separatist fighters were arrested in Buea.[122]
  • On April 19, the brother of SDF leader John Fru Ndi was abducted along with two workers by unidentified gunmen.[123]
  • On April 22, security forces searched homes in Kumba.[124]
  • On April 23, a gendarme was abducted in Muyuka. He was found dead the next day.[125]
  • On April 24, gunmen burned down the house of the mayor of Fundong.[126] In Bamenda, a school proprietor was abducted, tortured and released the same day after a ransom was paid.[127]
  • On April 25, a human head, possibly that of a soldier beheaded by separatists, was discovered in Bamenda.[128] In retaliation, security forces burned several vehicles.[129]
  • On April 26, Senator Emilia Nkeze Kalenong of the SDF was abducted by separatist fighters. The SDF secured her release under unclear circumstances.[130] In Bamenda, heavy clashes left at least one civilian dead.[131]
  • On April 27, SDF leader John Fru Ndi was abducted in Kumbo by separatists. He was released shortly afterwards, and the SDF claimed that the whole affair owed to a "misunderstanding" that was quickly solved. The next day, a video of John Fru Ndi conversing with his captors surfaced online, shedding light upon the purpose of the abduction. In the video, the gunmen asked the SDF leader to withdraw all SDF legislators from the National Assembly and the senate. Fru Ndi replied that he would not, stating that it would be counterproductive to boycott the only forum where they could talk to President Biya.[132] Fru Ndi had travelled to Kumbo to attend the funeral of Joseph Banadzem, the Parliamentary group leader of the SDF. Local separatist fighters had consented to the funeral taking place, provided that no Francophone Cameroonians attended it.[133] In Yaoundé, the ten detained members of the Interim Government of Ambazonia announced that they would start boycotting court sessions.[134]
  • On April 28, clashes between separatists and security forces in Bamenda left at least one person dead.[135] In Sabongari, Donga-Mantung, suspected separatists killed a police officer.[136]
  • On April 30, the Divisional Officer of Ndu threatened to dismiss civil servants who had fled from the town. He claimed that "99 percent" of Ndu under was now under government control after security forces had pushed out the separatists, and that it was safe to return.[137] In Kikaikelaiki, Bui, government soldiers killed one person and burned at least 10 houses.[138] In Lebialem, 'General Eyikeh' of the Red Dragon militia was captured and beaten to death by Cameroonian soldiers.[88]

May

  • On May 2, a document signed by Ayuk Tabe declared that the Sako-led interim cabinet had been dissolved, and that his own pre-arrest cabinet had been restored. The document expressed appreciation of the job the Sako-led cabinet had done since February 2018, but stressed that infighting had rendered it unfit to continue; the caretaker cabinet has lost the ability to reconcile our people and, in doing so, has imperiled the identity and mission of the interim government to complete the decolonization of Southern Cameroons through advancing our collective national interests.[139]
  • On May 4, Cameroonian soldiers killed two civilians in Wowo village, Ndu. The army later claimed they had been mistaken for separatist fighters.[140] In Kumba, men in military uniforms shot dead a youngster.[141]
  • On May 5, following appeals by the European Union Parliament, it was announced that the Anglophone Crisis would be debated at the United Nations Security Council. The original proposal was for a formal debate to be held; however, due to objections from non-permanent member South Africa, there would only be informal talks. South Africa and other African countries opposed in principle the involvement of the UN in the Anglophone Crisis, preferring that the African Union should handle it instead.[142] In Bakassi, it was reported that Cameroonian gendarmes had destroyed the fishing community of Abana. According to locals who escaped, at least 40 people had been killed.[143] The authorities denied that gendarmes had been involved, and blamed a local militia. According to the state government, Cameroonian soldiers subsequently moved into Abana and arrested 15 people suspected of having participated in the killings.[144] In Ndu, Cameroonian soldiers invaded separatist bases in the villages of Ntamruh and Ntayi, but the separatists had already withdrawn. The soldiers subsequently burned down 42 houses and killed at least seven people. 400 cows were also missing after the attack.[145]
  • On May 6, a video emerged online where three women had been tortured by separatist fighters in Bamenda, apparently for taking part in Labour Day celebrations on May 1. The separatists had announced a lockdown that day, and the three women were made to swear to observe future lockdowns.[146] In Bambui, a brestfeeding woman and her baby were killed by stray bullets.[147] In Muntengene, Fako Division, the mutilated corpse of a teenage girl was discovered after she had gone missing.[148]
  • On May 7, the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Committee announced that a total of 56 separatist fighters had surrendered since its creation.[149] This claim was questioned by the human rights group Cameroon Watch, which claimed that many of those who had surrendered were common criminals who had posed as separatist fighters.[150]
  • On May 8, the Social Democratic Front announced that it would boycott National Day celebrations out of sympathy with people suffering from the Anglophone Crisis. The separatists had previously announced that there would be a lockdown on National Day on May 20.[151]
  • On May 9, Cameroonian Prime Minister Joseph Ngute embarked on a trip to the Anglophone regions. From Bamenda, he stated that President Paul Biya was ready for an inclusive dialogue to end the war, although there would be no dialogue on the question of Ambazonian independence.[152] He also offered amnesty, food, clothing and jobs to separatist fighters who laid down their arms.[153]
  • On May 10, Prime Minister Joseph Ngute toured Bamenda and its university. As separatist groups had declared a ghost town, both the streets and the campus were completely empty.[154]
  • On May 13, a military helicopter carrying security officials and local administrators crashed in Elak-Oku, leaving one dead and six wounded. While separatists claimed responsibility, reports indicated a technical fault.[155] President Biya subsequently ordered an emergency investigation.[156]
  • On May 14, an informal discussion was held at the UN Security Council. While France, Belgium, Equatorial Guinea and the Ivory Coast expressed support for the peace efforts of the Cameroonian government, the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, South Africa, India, Russia, Poland, Kuwait, Peru and the Dominican Republic criticized it for not doing enough and for violating human rights. China took a position of neutrality.[157]
  • On May 15, separatist fighters killed at least two government soldiers in Bamenda. Cameroonian soldiers responded with a crackdown, burning several houses, a church and health centre in the process.[158] The owners of those houses were offered compensation by the Cameroonian government.[159] The governor of Northwest Region also promised to track down the soldiers responsible for the incident.[160] However, Defence Minister Joseph Beti Assomo blamed the locals for supporting the separatists, claiming that an angry mob had interfered with the soldiers' search for separatist fighters (a claim rejected by locals).[161] In Kumba, a Nigerian business man was kidnapped by gunmen.[162] The same day, Prime Minister Joseph Ngute turned down a proposal by lawyers and students in Buea to demilitarize the region.[163]
  • On May 16, there were clashes in Buea. Prime Minister Joseph Ngute, who was supposed to visit Kumba, was forced to stay in his hotel room in Buea as government soldiers battled the separatists. After the separatists had been repelled, the visit commenced as planned.[164] Under the protection of a convoy of armed cars, artillery and helicopters, Ngute made the trip from Buea to Kumba. Possibly for security reasons, Ngute left Kumba earlier than planned on May 17, skipping out on a banquet that had been prepared for him and that had cost millions of CFA franc.[165]
  • On May 17 and May 18th, a preparatory meeting was organized by the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD) with some leaders of the pro-independence groups of Southern Cameroons. The meeting aimed at preparing the participants ahead of potential negotiations with the Government of Cameroon as part of the Swiss-led mediation process.[166]
  • On May 18, a man was killed by men in military uniforms in Kumba.[167]
  • On May 19, suspected separatists attempted to burn a truck belonging to a cement company in Bamenda.[168]
  • On May 20, separatist-imposed ghost towns, intended to disrupt National Day celebrations, came into effect. Other than Nkambe and Limbe, there were minimal to no celebrations in all cities of Southern Cameroons.[169] In Balikumbat, the flag of Ambazonia was hoisted over the town.[170] In Kumba, there were multiple cases of armed clashes, as well as kidnappings[169] and arson on a security building.[171] Near Bamenda, gunshots along the Bamenda-Santa Road halted all traffic, leaving hundreds of people stranded.[168] In Muyuka, a four-month old baby was killed by Cameroonian soldiers inside a family home.[172]
  • On May 21, gunmen blocked the Kumba-Buea Highway, destroyed several cars and flogged travellers. According to an eyewitness, the gunmen claimed to be enforcing a ghost town.[173] In Bamenda, the head of a decapitated teacher was discovered on a street. In a video that appeared online (whose authenticity was questioned), the killers claimed he was a soldier.[174]
  • On May 23, at least one person was killed and several motorcycles were burned in Bamenda.[175] Another person was killed in Kumba.[176] In Esu, Menchum, at least nine people were killed and several houses were burned in the aftermath of gun battles that had lasted for hours.[177]
  • On May 24, a student was kidnapped in Kumba. The kidnappers later called the family and demanded a ransom of five million CFA franc.[178]
  • On May 25, clashes in Bali Nyonga, Mezam left at least seven people dead, five of whom belonged to a single family.[179] In Nwa, Donga-Mantung, the village of Yang was burned down by Cameroonian soldiers following clashes with separatists. Hundreds of villagers fled across the Nigerian border, while the fighting continued into the following day.[180]
  • On May 26, at least two civilians were killed by Cameroonian soldiers in Buea.[181]
  • On May 28, 11 Ambazonian leaders declared that they were ready to negotiate with a third-party mediator.[182]
  • On May 30, unidentified armed men attacked the Upkwa village in Wum, where they burned over 40 houses, abused civilians, killed their livestock and plundered their possessions.[183] While the authorities blamed separatists for the attacks, some locals blamed the security forces.[184]
  • On May 31, two human heads were discovered in Meluf, Bui Division. Locals claimed they were separatists who had been summarily executed by Cameroonian soldiers the day before.[185] In Limbe, there was an explosion at the SONARA Oil Refinery. While separatist groups claimed responsibility, other sources indicated an accident.[186]

June

  • On June 3, dozens of ethnic Fulani reportedly attacked residents of Wum town, Naikom, leaving at least one Wodaabe man dead. According to a report by the International Crisis Group, the attackers were encouraged by security forces.[187] According to the Cameroon News Agency, local Wodaabe then called up the security forces, and together burned several buildings, including the Naikom Palace.[188]
  • On June 4, a cocoa merchant was abducted and killed in Kumba.[189]
  • On June 7, heavy fighting broke out in Esu, Menchum. The clashes lasted for three days, and saw at least 12 civilians dead, as well as a Cameroonian soldier.[187] More than a hundred houses were burned down.[190]
  • On June 8, eight people were summarily executed by Cameroonian soldiers in Ekona. While separatists claimed the victims were all civilians, the security forces claimed they were separatist fighters who had attacked soldiers shortly before their deaths.[191]
  • On June 9, there were clashes in Kumba.[189]
  • On June 15, four policemen were killed and another six were wounded when a road bomb exploded in Eyumodjock, Manyu.[192] [187] This was the first documented use of heavy weapons by the separatists, who had recently announced that they had started producing their own weapons within the Anglophone regions.[193]
  • On June 17, a policeman was killed by separatist fighters in Mamfe.[194]
  • On June 18, suspected separatists ambushed an army convoy killing one soldier near Bamenda. On the same day, separatists reportedly briefly illegally detained 40 people.[187]
  • On June 22, the separatist Interim Government of Ambazonia said it was holding informal talks with the Cameroonian government.[187]
  • On June 23, a video emerged online where armed men in Mezam were setting fire to a truck carrying humanitarian aid from the Cameroonian government.[195]
  • On June 24, Samuel Ikome Sako confirmed that the Interim Government of Ambazonia was negotiating with the government of Cameroon.[196]
  • On June 25, the Archbishop of the Catholic Archdiocese of Bamenda was abducted by separatist fighters in Belo.[197] The fighters told him that they had been ordered to arrest him because he had gone around a roadblock, compromising separatist operations in the area. He apologized to a Commandant, and was in turn informed that he would be allowed to go home as soon as possible. Due to concerns about the Archbishop's safety, he had to spend a night with his captors and was only able to return to Bamenda the following day. He had spent a total of 12 hours with the separatists. He later stated that he had not been harmed, and that the separatist fighters had been "very gentle" to him.[198]
  • On June 27, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs confirmed that it would act as a mediator in upcoming negotiations, following requests from both the Cameroonian government and the Ambazonian separatists.[199] Eight separatist organizations issued a joint statement confirming their willingness to engage in the Swiss-led mediation process, while reaffirming that independence remained their goal.[200] There was no immediate statement from the Cameroonian government.[201]
  • On June 28, SDF leader John Fru Ndi was abducted from his home in Bamenda, his second abduction in two months.[202] His bodyguard was shot in the leg during the incident, and was rushed to a hospital.[203] Unlike the first incident, this time Fru Ndi was subjected to beating, insults and rough treatment. The separatists demanded that he declare on video that he would recall all SDF senators and mayors within 24 hours. Fru Ndi refused to do so at gunpoint, and instead promised to discuss things with the politicians and get back to the separatists. The abductors complained that he had never visited them before, to which he replied that he had never been invited. In the end, he was forced to be photographed with the Ambazonian flag, before being driven back to his home at night. He had spent more than 24 hours in captivity.[204]
  • On June 28, the United Nations, the European Union and the United States issued statements of support to the Swiss-led mediation process.[205]

July

  • On July 2, the Vice President of the Interim Government of Ambazonia declared a 24-hour unilateral ceasefire, effective from midnight, to allow a United States Congressional delegation to safely visit the Anglophone regions. The declaration included a list of suggested places they might want to visit, as well as a request for the Cameroonian government to reciprocate and also declare a ceasefire. The declaration was ignored by the Congressional delegation and the Cameroonian government, as well as by separatist fighters.[206]
  • On July 3, at least 30 separatist fighters ambushed a military boat carrying 13 Cameroonian soldiers on the Ekpambiri river, Manyu Division. According to the Cameroonian Army, the attackers used dane guns and automatic rifles. While three soldiers escaped, two more were found in a rescue mission shortly after the attack. The remaining eight remained unaccounted for. The Cameroonian Army declared that they knew which base the attackers had come from, and that an operation would be launched to destroy it.[207]

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  182. ^ "Au Cameroun, prémices de discussions entre le pouvoir et les séparatistes anglophones" (in French). 2019-05-29. Retrieved 2019-07-04.
  183. ^ Cameroon: Government condemns Ambazonian attack on Fulani camp in Bamenda, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 1, 2019. Accessed Jun 2, 2019.
  184. ^ Inhabitants Disagree With Governor’s Version Of Wum Carnage, The National Times, Jun 5, 2019. Accessed Jun 5, 2019.
  185. ^ Cameroon: Two human heads discovered in restive NW region, Journal du Cameroun May 31, 2019. Accessed May 31, 2019.
  186. ^ ‘Ambazonia’ Activists Stage Contradictory ‘Propaganda’ Over SONARA Explosion, The National Times, Jun 1, 2019. Accessed Jun 1, 2019.
  187. ^ a b c d e "CrisisWatch June 2019". International Crisis Group. June 2019. Retrieved 5 July 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  188. ^ The Untold Story About Wum Saga, Role of Soldiers In Igniting Conflict, Cameroon News Agency, Jun 4, 2019. Accessed Jun 8, 2019.
  189. ^ a b Late Night Gunfire Chases City Dwellers Out Of Beer Palours, The National Times, Jun 10, 2019. Accessed Jun 10, 2019.
  190. ^ Esu Inhabitants Trapped In Blood, Deaths Amid, Military, Separatists Gunfire, The National Times, Jun 10, 2019. Accessed Jun 10, 2019.
  191. ^ 8 killed in Cameroon's restive Anglophone region, XinhuaNet, Jun 9, 2019. Accessed Jun 9, 2019.
  192. ^ Cameroon:Explosion kills four policemen restive Anglophone region, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 16, 2019. Accessed Jun 16, 2019.
  193. ^ Separatist Bomb Attack Kills 4 Policemen in Cameroon, Voice of America, Jun 16, 2019. Accessed Jun 18, 2019.
  194. ^ Cameroon War Victims: Casualty Figures High Because Fighters Are Well Armed, Voice of America, Jun 19, 2019. Accessed Jun 19, 2019.
  195. ^ Cameroon: Separatists destroy humanitarian aid destined for Anglophone crisis victims, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 24, 2019. Accessed Jun 24, 2019.
  196. ^ Anglophone Crisis: Dr. Sako Confirms Negotiations Are Ongoing With Biya Gov’t, The National Times, Jun 24, 2019. Accessed Jun 24, 2019.
  197. ^ Gunmen Kidnap Archbishop of Bamenda, The National Times, Jun 26, 2019. Accessed Jun 26, 2019.
  198. ^ ‘They Were Good, Very Gentle’; Abducted Archbishop Recollects Encounter With Ambazonia Fighters, The National Times, Jun 27, 2019. Accessed Jun 27, 2019.
  199. ^ "Armed Conflict In Southern Cameroons: Ambazonia Leaders Welcome Swiss-Led Mediation Process – Cameroon News Agency". Retrieved 2019-07-04. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  200. ^ Cameroon: Ambazonia leaders endorse Swiss-led dialogue to solve Anglophone crisis, Journal du Cameroun, Jun 28, 2019. Accessed Jun 28, 2019.
  201. ^ Biya Regime Silent On Swiss-Powered Dialogue With Separatists, The National Times, Jun 28, 2019. Accessed Jun 28, 2019.
  202. ^ Cameroon’s Opposition Leader Fru Ndi Abducted Again, The National Times, Jun 28, 2019. Accessed Jun 29, 2019.
  203. ^ Shot Bodyguard Of Abducted Cameroon Opposition Leader Rushed To Hospital, The National Times, Jun 28, 2019. Accessed Jun 29, 2019.
  204. ^ Cameroon: How Ambazonia fighters tortured Fru Ndi in captivity!, Journal du Cameroun, Jul 1, 2019. Accessed Jul 1, 2019.
  205. ^ References:
  206. ^ Voici la Déclaration des sécessionnistes à l’endroit des diplomates américains, Cameroon News Online, Jul 3, 2019. Accessed Jun 3, 2019. (French)
  207. ^ Several Soldiers Feared Dead In Manyu Water, Cameroon News Agency, Jul 4, 2019. Accessed Jul 4, 2019.
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