1 Chronicles 1

1 Chronicles 1
1 Chronicles 1
← 2 Kings 25 chapter 2 →
	The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE).
Book	Books of Chronicles
Category	Ketuvim
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	13

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1 Chronicles 1 is the first chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.^[1]^[2] The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.^[3] The content of this chapter is the genealogy list from Adam to Israel (=Jacob) in the following structure: Adam to Noah (verses 1–4); Noah's descendants from his three sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth: the Japhethites (verses 5–7), Hamites (verses 8–23), Semites (verses 24–27); the sons of Abraham (verses 28–34a); the sons of Isaac (34b–54; continued to 2:2 for Israel's sons).^[4] This chapter belongs to the section focusing on the list of genealogies from Adam to the lists of the people returning from exile in Babylon (1 Chronicles 1:1 to 9:34).^[1]

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 54 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).^[5]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\mathfrak {G}}$ ^A; 5th century).^[6]^[a]

Old Testament references

From Adam to Abraham (1:1–27)

The list of names is taken exclusively from the Book of Genesis and reduced to a 'skeletal framework', with some omissions of those 'whose lines ended with their deaths', such as Cain's descendants and Abraham's brothers.^[4] It links the origin of Israel to the origin of all people – Abraham's ancestry in Adam and Noah's – and thus, within the whole human history.^[11] Verses 1–4 (from Adam to Noah) match closely to the genealogy in Genesis 5:1–32; verses 5–12 (the genealogy of Noah's sons) match that in Genesis 10:1–32; verses 13–27 (Shem's descendants until Abraham) parallel the genealogy in Genesis 11:10–26.^[11] Verse 27 contains "Abram, that is, Abraham" (the name first given by God in Genesis 17:1), representing a jump from Genesis 11 to Genesis 17.^[12]

Verse 1

Adam, Seth, Enosh;^[13]

Noah was the immediate descendant of Seth, so it is not necessary to mention Cain and Abel, or any of the other sons of Adam.^[14]

Verse 4

Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth.^[15]

"Shem, Ham, and Japheth": these are the sons of Noah, and not successive generations, as can be read in the Book of Genesis (Genesis 5–10), which is apparently a source for the Books of Chronicles.^[4] These names are listed this way in Masoretic Text and Latin Vulgate, whereas the Greek Septuagint (LXX) adds "the sons of Noah" before "Shem,..."^[16]

Verse 6

And the sons of Gomer; Ashchenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah.^[17]

"Riphath": the same as in Genesis 10:3 (רִיפַ֖ת), following many medieval Hebrew manuscripts, LXX and Vulgate, and used in some English translations (NAB, NIV, NLT, etc.), while others (ASV, NASB, NRSV, etc.) follow the Masoretic Text in using "Diphath" (דִיפַ֖ת).^[18]

The descendants of Abraham (1:28–54)

This section focuses on the offsprings of Abraham (but none of his brothers').^[4] Verses 32–40 lists Abraham's sons other than Isaac and Ishmael with the direct connection to verse 28 and has been more extensively reworked than other genealogies in this chapter, whereas verses 43–54 contain an extensive reworking of Genesis 36 to list the descendants of Edom who are Judah's neighbors with 'the closest ties through the best and worst of times'.^[4]

Verse 39

And the sons of Lotan; Hori, and Homam: and Timna was Lotan's sister.^[19]

Cross reference: Genesis 36:22
"Timna": a daughter of Seir, who became a concubine to Eliphaz, the son of Esau, and the mother of Amalek (Genesis 36:12). Rashi states that the lineage of Timna was traced because she willingly wished to become a concubine to the seed of Abraham, saying, "If I am not worthy to marry him, I shall be his concubine." (Gen. Rabbah 84:14; Sanh. 99b^[20])^[21]

Notes

^ The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.^[7]^[8]^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b Ackroyd 1993, p. 113.
^ Mathys 2007, p. 268.
^ Ackroyd 1993, pp. 113–114.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mathys 2007, p. 269.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
^ Würthwein, Ernst (1988). Der Text des Alten Testaments (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 85. ISBN 3-438-06006-X.
^ Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. pp. 129–130.
^ This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Gilbert 1897, p. 280.
^ ^a ^b Endres 2012, p. 8.
^ Endres 2012, pp. 8–9.
^ 1 Chronicles 1:1 MEV
^ Clarke, Adam (1832) "Commentary on 1 Chronicles 1:1". "The Adam Clarke Commentary". Study Light.
^ 1 Chronicles 1:4 KJV
^ Note on 1 Chronicles 1:4 in NKJV
^ 1 Chronicles 1:6 KJV
^ Note on 1 Chronicles 1:6 in NET Bible
^ 1 Chronicles 1:39 KJV
^ Sanhedrin 99b. The William Davidson Talmud. Sefaria. Quote: "Timna sought to convert. She came before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and they did not accept her. She went and became a concubine of Eliphaz, son of Esau, and said, referring to herself: It is preferable that she will be a maidservant for this nation, and she will not be a noblewoman for another nation. Ultimately, Amalek, son of Eliphaz, emerged from her, and that tribe afflicted the Jewish people. What is the reason that the Jewish people were punished by suffering at the hand of Amalek? It is due to the fact that they should not have rejected her when she sought to convert. Therefore, the verse is significant."
^ Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 1. The Complete Jewish Bible with Rashi Commentary. Chabad.org. Accessed on February 28, 2019.

Sources

Ackroyd, Peter R (1993). "Chronicles, Books of". In Metzger, Bruce M; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. pp. 113–116. ISBN 978-0195046458.
Bennett, William (2018). The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles. Litres. ISBN 978-5040825196.
Coogan, Michael David (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195288810.
Endres, John C. (2012). First and Second Chronicles. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780814628447.
Gilbert, Henry L (1897). "The Forms of the Names in 1 Chronicles 1-7 Compared with Those in Parallel Passages of the Old Testament". The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures. 13 (4). Liturgical Press: 279–298. JSTOR 527992.
Hill, Andrew E. (2003). First and Second Chronicles. Zondervan. ISBN 9780310206101.
Mabie, Frederick (2017). "I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel". In Longman III, Tremper; Garland, David E (eds.). 1 and 2 Chronicles. The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Zondervan. pp. 267–308. ISBN 978-0310531814. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
Mathys, H. P. (2007). "14. 1 and 2 Chronicles". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 267–308. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish translations:
- Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 1 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- First Book of Chronicles Chapter 1. Bible Gateway

[10] The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.^[7]^[8]^[9]

[FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113-1] Ackroyd 1993, p. 113.

[FOOTNOTEMathys2007268-2] Mathys 2007, p. 268.

[FOOTNOTEAckroyd1993113–114-3] Ackroyd 1993, pp. 113–114.

[FOOTNOTEMathys2007269-4] Mathys 2007, p. 269.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-5] Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.

[FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-6] Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.

[7] Würthwein, Ernst (1988). Der Text des Alten Testaments (2nd ed.). Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. p. 85. ISBN 3-438-06006-X.

[8] Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co. pp. 129–130.

[9] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Codex Sinaiticus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

[FOOTNOTEGilbert1897280-11] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Gilbert 1897, p. 280.

[FOOTNOTEEndres20128-12] Endres 2012, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTEEndres20128–9-13] Endres 2012, pp. 8–9.

[14] 1 Chronicles 1:1 MEV

[15] Clarke, Adam (1832) "Commentary on 1 Chronicles 1:1". "The Adam Clarke Commentary". Study Light.

[16] 1 Chronicles 1:4 KJV

[17] Note on 1 Chronicles 1:4 in NKJV

[18] 1 Chronicles 1:6 KJV

[19] Note on 1 Chronicles 1:6 in NET Bible

[20] 1 Chronicles 1:39 KJV

[21] Sanhedrin 99b. The William Davidson Talmud. Sefaria. Quote: "Timna sought to convert. She came before Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and they did not accept her. She went and became a concubine of Eliphaz, son of Esau, and said, referring to herself: It is preferable that she will be a maidservant for this nation, and she will not be a noblewoman for another nation. Ultimately, Amalek, son of Eliphaz, emerged from her, and that tribe afflicted the Jewish people. What is the reason that the Jewish people were punished by suffering at the hand of Amalek? It is due to the fact that they should not have rejected her when she sought to convert. Therefore, the verse is significant."

[22] Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 1. The Complete Jewish Bible with Rashi Commentary. Chabad.org. Accessed on February 28, 2019.

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