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Allium ampeloprasum

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Wild leek
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily: Allioideae
Genus: Allium
Subgenus: A. subg. Allium
Species:
A. ampeloprasum
Binomial name
Allium ampeloprasum
Synonyms[1]
Species synonymy
  • Allium adscendens Kunth
  • Allium albescens Guss.
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. babingtonii (Borrer) Syme
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. bertolonii (De Not.) Nyman
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. bulbiferum Syme
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. bulgaricum Podp.
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. caudatum Pamp.
  • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. euampeloprasum Hayek
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. gasparrinii (Guss.) Nyman
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. gracile Cavara
  • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. halleri Nyman
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense Asch. & Graebn.
  • Allium ampeloprasum f. holmense (Asch. & Graebn.) Holmboe
  • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. porrum (L.) Hayek
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) J.Gay
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. pylium (De Not.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Allium ampeloprasum subsp. thessalum (Boiss.) Nyman
  • Allium ampeloprasum var. wiedemannii Regel
  • Allium ascendens Ten.
  • Allium babingtonii Borrer
  • Allium bertolonii De Not.
  • Allium byzantinum K.Koch
  • Allium duriaeanum Regel
  • Allium durieuanum Walp.
  • Allium gasparrinii Guss.
  • Allium halleri G.Don
  • Allium holmense Mill. ex Kunth
  • Allium kurrat Schweinf. ex K.Krause
  • Allium laetum Salisb.
  • Allium lineare Mill.
  • Allium porraceum Gray
  • Allium porrum L.
  • Allium porrum var. ampeloprasum (L.) Mirb.
  • Allium porrum subsp. euampeloprasum Breistr.
  • Allium porrum var. kurrat (Schweinf. ex K.Krause) Seregin
  • Allium pylium De Not.
  • Allium scopulicola Font Quer
  • Allium scorodoprasum subsp. babingtonii (Borrer) Nyman
  • Allium spectabile De Not.
  • Allium syriacum Boiss.
  • Allium thessalum Boiss.
  • Porrum amethystinum Rchb.
  • Porrum ampeloprasum (L.) Mill.
  • Porrum commune Rchb.
  • Porrum sativum Mill.

Allium ampeloprasum is a member of the onion genus Allium. The wild plant is commonly known as wild leek or broadleaf wild leek. Its native range is southern Europe to southwestern Asia and North Africa,[2] but it is cultivated in many other places and has become naturalized in many countries.

Allium ampeloprasum has been differentiated into five cultivated vegetables, namely leek, elephant garlic, pearl onion, kurrat, and Persian leek.

Description

Wild populations produce bulbs up to 3 centimetres (1+1⁄4 inches) across. Scapes are round in cross-section, each up to 180 cm (71 in) tall, bearing an umbel of as many as 500 flowers. Flowers are urn-shaped, up to 6 millimetres (1⁄4 inch) across; tepals white, pink or red; anthers yellow or purple; pollen yellow.[3][4]

Distribution and habitat

Allium ampeloprasum is regarded as native to all the countries bordering on the Black, Adriatic, and Mediterranean Seas from Portugal to Egypt to Romania. In Russia and Ukraine, it is considered invasive except in Crimea, where it is native. It is also native to Ethiopia, Uzbekistan, Iran and Iraq. It is considered naturalized in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Czech Republic, the Baltic States, Belarus, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, China, Australia (all states except Queensland and Tasmania), Mexico, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Haiti, the United States (southeastern region plus California, New York State, Ohio and Illinois), Galápagos, and Argentina.[5][3][6][7][8] In tidewater Virginia, where it is commonly known as the "Yorktown onion", it is protected by law in York County.[9]

The species may have been introduced to Britain by prehistoric people, where its habitat consists of rocky places near the coast in south-west England and Wales.[10][11]

Cultivation

Allium ampeloprasum is the source of several vegetables, most notably:

  • Leek
  • Elephant garlic or great-headed garlic
  • Pearl onion
  • Kurrat,[10][12] Egyptian leek or salad leek. This variety has small bulbs, and primarily the leaves are eaten.
  • Persian leek (A. ampeloprasum ssp. persicum). A cultivated allium native to the Middle East and Iran, grown for culinary purposes and called tareh in Persian. The linear green leaves have a mild onion flavor and are eaten raw, either alone, or in food combinations.[13]
  • Spathe unfurling to reveal buds
    Spathe unfurling to reveal buds
  • Spathe fully unfurled
    Spathe fully unfurled
  • Allium ampeloprasum - MHNT
    Allium ampeloprasum - MHNT
  • Section
    Section

See also

References

  1. ^ "Allium ampeloprasum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ "Allium ampeloprasum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ a b McNeal Jr., Dale W.; Jacobsen, T. D. (2002). "Allium ampeloprasum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  4. ^ Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (ed. 2) i–910. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx.
  5. ^ "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew - Allium ampeloprasum L., Sp. Pl.: 294 (1753), nom. cons". wcsp.science.kew.org. Archived from the original on 2022-11-05.
  6. ^ "Allium ampeloprasum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. ^ Xu, Jiemei; Kamelin, Rudolf V. "Allium porrum". Flora of China. Vol. 24 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  8. ^ "Allium ampeloprasum [Aglio porraccio] - Flora Italiana". luirig.altervista.org. Retrieved 2024-10-29.
  9. ^ "Yorktown Onion". www.yorkcounty.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-08-11.
  10. ^ a b "Allium ampeloprasum". Plants for a Future.
  11. ^ CHRISTOPHER D. PRESTON, DAVID A. PEARMAN, ALLAN R. HALL (2004) Archaeophytes in Britain Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), 257–294 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00284.x, p. 264
  12. ^ Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.
  13. ^ Mousavi, Amir; Kashi, Abedolkarim; Davoodi, Daryoush; Shariatpanahi, Mohammad Sanei (2006). "Characterization of an Allium Cultivated in Iran: The Persian Leek". Belgian Journal of Botany. 139 (1): 115–123. JSTOR 20794599.
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