Minka (communal work)
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Mink'a, Minka, Minga (from Quechua minccacuni, meaning "asking for help by promising something")[1] also mingaco is an Inca tradition of community work/voluntary collective labor for purposes of social utility and community infrastructure projects. It is practiced in several Latin American countries.[2][3][4] Mink'a can adopt different ways of expressing community, such as the construction of public buildings and infrastructure, or benefit a person or family, such as needing help when harvesting potatoes or other agricultural products. Usually, the mink'a labor is without salary, such as in the public works projects of Ocra, a campesino community in the Andes. Faenas are seen as a labor tribute to the community or a cash-free form of local taxation. Mink'a is mainly practiced in Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay.
Peru
In Peru, the concept of mink'a is associated with pre-Columbian indigenous cultures. It is practiced in mestizo and campesino communities of the Andes, where the notion of reciprocity (ayni) organizes community work. An example of this type of reciprocity is the development of agricultural activities among a dozen neighbors in traditional productive units, or the building of a community kitchen with personal tools and local materials. During the Inca Empire, mink'a was the basic way in which work was carried out within communities (ayllu) and was also practiced for the benefit of larger territories (mit'a), as part of the services that each ayllu provided to the whole of the society. The families participated in the construction of premises, irrigation canals, as well as helped in the farm operations of the disabled, and cared for orphans and the elderly. Due to the great migration to the cities of the Peruvian coast, mink'a became widespread in the coastal areas of Peru - mostly however within smaller communities where local "taxation" consisting of labor is more feasible than a monetary tax to realize community projects.
See also
- Mit'a, federal mandatory labor during the Inca empire
- Ocra (Peru), a community practicing Mink'a to this day
- Communal work
- Umuganda (Rwanda), a national day of community service
References
- ^ Katime Orcasita, Abraham A.; Sarmiento, Antonio José (2006). Hacia la construcción del derecho solidario en Colombia (in Spanish) (2nd ed.). Bogotá: Cooperative University of Colombia. ISBN 9789588205700. OCLC 752522023.
- ^ Reeve, Mary-Elizabeth (1988). Los Quichua del Curaray: El Proceso de Formación de la Identidad. Editorial Abya Yala. p. 214. ISBN 978-99-7822-020-7.
- ^ Ramírez, Eduardo; Modrego, Félix; Macé, Julie Claire; Yáñez, Rodrigo (2009). Dinámicas territoriales en Chiloé central: La fuerza de las coaliciones extra territoriales (PDF). Rimisp – Centro Latinoamericano para el Desarrollo Rural.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)[permanent dead link] - ^ Durston, J.; Duhart, D.; Miranda, F.; Monzó, E. (2005). Comunidades campesinas, agencias públicas y clientelismos políticos en Chile. Santiago de Chile: Editorial LOM.