Pantetheine

Pantetheine
Names
	Systematic IUPAC name (2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-N-{3-oxo-3-[(2-sulfanylethyl)amino]propyl}butanamide
	Other names Pantetheine
Identifiers
CAS Number	496-65-1 R ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1714196 R
ChEBI	CHEBI:16753 ;
ChemSpider	466 ; 388453 R ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.114
EC Number	207-824-1;
KEGG	C00831 ;
MeSH	Pantetheine
PubChem CID	479; 439322 R;
UNII	VCH6X4IARE R ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C11H22N2O4S/c1-11(2,7-14)9(16)10(17)13-4-3-8(15)12-5-6-18/h9,14,16,18H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,12,15)(H,13,17) Key: ZNXZGRMVNNHPCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CC(C)(CO)C(O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS;
Properties
Chemical formula	C11H22N2O4S
Molar mass	278.37 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related compounds	Pantethine
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.

Pantetheine is the cysteamine amide analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅). The dimer of this compound, pantethine is more commonly known, and is considered to be the most potent form of vitamin B₅. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the catabolism of coenzyme A by the body.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Metabolism

Pantetheine is the product of dephosphorylation of phosphopantetheine:

phosphopantetheine → pantetheine + P_i

In E. coli, this reaction is catalyzed by for example alkaline phosphatase.^[4] The reverse reaction, phosphopantetheine synthesis, is catalyzed by various kinases:^[5]

phosphopantetheine + ATP → pantetheine + ADP

These kinases are able to act upon pantothenoic acid as well and are present in both microorganisms and animal livers.^[5]

Pantetheine is degraded by pantetheinase, which splits it into cysteamine and pantothenic acid:^[3]

pantetheine → cysteamine + pantothenate

Prebiotic evolution

Since pantetheine is a part of coenzyme A, a common cofactor, it is thought to have been present in prebiotic soup. A synthesis mechanism has also been suggested.^[6]

References

^ Hoagland MB, Novelli GD (April 1954). "Biosynthesis of coenzyme A from phospho-pantetheine and of pantetheine from pantothenate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 207 (2): 767–773. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65696-0. PMID 13163064.
^ Cronan JE (June 2014). "The chain-flipping mechanism of ACP (acyl carrier protein)-dependent enzymes appears universal". The Biochemical Journal. 460 (2): 157–163. doi:10.1042/BJ20140239. PMID 24825445.
^ ^a ^b Nitto T, Onodera K (September 2013). "Linkage between coenzyme a metabolism and inflammation: roles of pantetheinase". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 123 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1254/jphs.13R01CP. PMID 23978960.
^ Jackowski S, Rock CO (April 1984). "Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology. 158 (1): 115–120. doi:10.1128/jb.158.1.115-120.1984. PMC 215387. PMID 6370952.
^ ^a ^b Brown GM (1970-01-01), Florkin M, Stotz EH (eds.), "Section d - Biosynthesis of Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A", Comprehensive Biochemistry, Metabolism of Vitamins and Trace Elements, vol. 21, Elsevier, pp. 73–80, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-40871-6.50012-x, retrieved 2023-10-29
^ Keefe AD, Newton GL, Miller SL (February 1995). "A possible prebiotic synthesis of pantetheine, a precursor to coenzyme A". Nature. 373 (6516): 683–685. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..683K. doi:10.1038/373683a0. PMID 7854449. S2CID 4255864.

[1] Hoagland MB, Novelli GD (April 1954). "Biosynthesis of coenzyme A from phospho-pantetheine and of pantetheine from pantothenate". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 207 (2): 767–773. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65696-0. PMID 13163064.

[2] Cronan JE (June 2014). "The chain-flipping mechanism of ACP (acyl carrier protein)-dependent enzymes appears universal". The Biochemical Journal. 460 (2): 157–163. doi:10.1042/BJ20140239. PMID 24825445.

[Nitto_2013-3] Nitto T, Onodera K (September 2013). "Linkage between coenzyme a metabolism and inflammation: roles of pantetheinase". Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 123 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1254/jphs.13R01CP. PMID 23978960.

[4] Jackowski S, Rock CO (April 1984). "Metabolism of 4'-phosphopantetheine in Escherichia coli". Journal of Bacteriology. 158 (1): 115–120. doi:10.1128/jb.158.1.115-120.1984. PMC 215387. PMID 6370952.

[Brown_1970-5] Brown GM (1970-01-01), Florkin M, Stotz EH (eds.), "Section d - Biosynthesis of Pantothenic Acid and Coenzyme A", Comprehensive Biochemistry, Metabolism of Vitamins and Trace Elements, vol. 21, Elsevier, pp. 73–80, doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-40871-6.50012-x, retrieved 2023-10-29

[6] Keefe AD, Newton GL, Miller SL (February 1995). "A possible prebiotic synthesis of pantetheine, a precursor to coenzyme A". Nature. 373 (6516): 683–685. Bibcode:1995Natur.373..683K. doi:10.1038/373683a0. PMID 7854449. S2CID 4255864.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]