Muteness
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In human development, muteness or mutism (Template:Ety) is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others. Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists. It may not be a permanent condition, as muteness can be caused or manifest due to several different phenomena, such as physiological injury, illness, medical side effects, psychological trauma, developmental disorders, or neurological disorders. A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily diagnosed. Loss of previously normal speech (aphasia) can be due to accidents, disease, or surgical complication; it is rarely for psychological reasons.(((In human development, muteness or mutism (Template:Ety) is defined as an absence of speech, with or without an ability to hear the speech of others.[1] Mutism is typically understood as a person's inability to speak, and commonly observed by their family members, caregivers, teachers, doctors or speech and language pathologists. It may not be a permanent condition, as muteness can be caused or manifest due to several different phenomena, such as physiological injury, illness, medical side effects, psychological trauma, developmental disorders, or neurological disorders.[2] A specific physical disability or communication disorder can be more easily diagnosed. Loss of previously normal speech (aphasia) can be due to accidents, disease, or surgical complication; it is rarely for psychological reasons.))
Fuuji walla jaɓɓorgo maa waylitta e sabaabu, ko ɗum taƴii caggal jaɓɓorgal haala(((//assessment.[3] Treatment)/. Wonde wootere waawirta warugo wolde. To naa, masin masin masin masinji habaruji ngam walliugo e ɓeydaago.
Koɗol ɓamtaare
Caɗeele ɓamtaare mumen ina waawi ƴettude e ko ɗuuɗɗi. Gooto daliila ɓeydaaki waawaa wonde caɗeele e physiology hawti e wolde, misaalu, hunduko malla ɗemngal. Mutism waawaa wonde sabu apraxia, ko wayi no, caɗeele e jokkondiral ɓalli ɗi hawti e wolwugo. Sabo goɗɗo waawaa wonde haani haani haandi e ɓesngu ɓesngu, misaalu, majjugo wolde ngam ɓalli, ɓalli, koo nyau larynx. [1] Anarthria feere feere feere feere, nder nder nder nder ɗon ɗon ɗon ɗon ɓesda ɓesngu ɓesngu e ɗemngal malla ɓesngu ɗon ɗon ɓesa.(((Biological causes of mutism may stem from several different sources. One cause of muteness may be problems with the physiology involved in speech, for example, the mouth or tongue.[4] Mutism may be due to apraxia, that is, problems with coordination of muscles involved in speech.[5] Another cause may be a medical condition impacting the physical structures involved in speech, for example, loss of voice due to the injury, paralysis, or illness of the larynx.[6] Anarthria is a severe form of dysarthria, in which the coordination of movements of the mouth and tongue or the conscious coordination of the lungs are damaged. [7] )))
ɓernde ɓernde ngam ɓernde ɓernde waawata waɗugo halkere walla halkere habaru, ɗum noddaama afashiya. Ɓaawol ɓernde walla caɗeele ɓamtaare nokkuure ɓernde je ɗon hawta e haaluwol wolde, nokkuure Broca, waawaa sabaabu ɓernde mum. Ɓaɗol walla ɓalli to nokkuure Broca, ɗo nder ɓernde fuɗnde fuɗnde ɓaawo yaasi, waawi sabaabu ɓernde mum. Wonde ɓeydi ɓeydi waɗugo masin. , woodi ɓesngu ɓesngu ngam daliila ɓesngu e ɓesngu nder ɓesngu fuɗnaaku ɓaawo ɓesngu bana ɓesngu caggal ɗum waɗii.((Neurological damage due to stroke may cause loss or impairment of speech, termed aphasia. Neurological damage or problems with development of the area of the brain involved in speech production, Broca's area, may cause muteness.[8] Trauma or injury to Broca's area, located in the left inferior frontal cortex of the brain, can cause muteness.[9] Muteness may follow brain surgery. For example, there is a spectrum of possible neurobehavioural deficits in the posterior fossa syndrome in children following cerebellar tumor surgery. [10] ())
Sabooji ɓernde
To sukaaɓe ɗon haalaa, nyauɓe ɓernde koo ɓernde, bana ɓernde, ɗon hawta. Sukaaɓe waawaa warugo ngam ɓe ɗon moodi. Moodiwol ngam wolde ɗum haala nde suka ɗon wolwdi tan nder haala feere feere, koo bee yimɓe feere feere, bana yimɓe saare maako. ɗum haani ngam haɗugo nyau man boo ngam anndugo njamɗugo. [1] ngol ɗon ɗon ɓesda, ammaa naa' bana ɗum ɗon ɓesdi bana ɗum ɗon miijo. [1] Mooluki ngam yahugo bana ɗum haani hawtaaki bee sukaajo mo waawataa wolde ngam daliila ɓernde maako. Ɗum ɗon haandi ngam nyauɓe ɓe ɗon ɓesda duuɓi jowi. Ɓiɓɓe fuu ɓe ngalaa hujjaji ɗi nandi.(((When children do not speak, psychological problems or emotional stress, such as anxiety, may be involved. Children may not speak due to selective mutism. Selective mutism is a condition in which the child speaks only in certain situations or with certain people, such as close family members.[11] Assessment is needed to rule out possible illness or other conditions and to determine treatment.[12] Prevalence is low, but not as rare as once thought.[13] Select))
Moodiɗam ngam moodiɗam footi waɗugo nder haɓɓugo e ɓernde ɓernde autism walla nyau feere. Fuuji feere hakkunde mutism haɓɓuki e ɓeydaaki ɗemngal hawti e autism malla nyauji feere ha yiɗi faamugo nyau man.(((occur in conjunction with autism spectrum disorder or other diagnoses.[14] Differential diagnosis between selective mutism and language delay associated))
ɓe ɗon mari wolde haa ɓaawo ɗon ɓe ɗon mari haala, ɓe ɗon waawataa wolde ngam daliila ɓernde malla ɓernde, koo nde ɗum ɗon ɓesda bana daliila ɓesngu. Walaa haani ha haalaaji ha ɓurna yimɓe mawɓe boo ina waawi wonde e ɓernde ɓernde.
Daliila fuɗɗam e daliila neurological
Bana ɓikkoy ɓe ngalaa haala, ɓe mbaawataa wolwugo bee maɓɓe koo ɓe mbaawata haala. Wondiral hawtaade e ɓeydaade ɗemngal ina waawi waɗde ngam daliila feere-feere.((Absence of speech in children may involve communication disorders or language delays. Communication disorders or developmental language delays may occur for several different reasons. [15][16] )).
Ɗemngal ngal waawaa wonde e ɓeydaade ɓamtaare feere. Misaalu, sukaaɓe be nyau Down ɗon mari ɓeydaandi habaru e habaru.((Language delays may be associated with other developmental delays.[17] For example, children with Down syndrome often have impaired language and speech. [18][19] ))
Sukaaɓe be autism, ɓe ɗon anndina bana nyau ɓamtaare ɓernde nder DSM-V, ɗon holla ɓeydaaki ɗemngal.((()Children with autism, categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder in the DSM-V, often demonstrate language delays. [20][21] )).
Kuɗol
Fuuɗuki ɓikkoy be ɓeydaaki ɗemngal ngam anndugo to ɓeydaaku ɗemngal waɗi ngam haala feere. Misaaluji nyauji ɗi ɗon hawta be nyau nyau nyau nyauɓe, nyau nyauɓe nannguki e apraxia. Ɗuum laabi nyau ndu ɗonno haandi nyau ndu. Ɗemngal ngal footi wallitde haala haala, haala jaɓɓugo haala, malla ɗiɗo fuu. Fuuɗuki haandi footi huutoreeɓe artikulaation, fluency (stuttering) e feere haandi haandi haanduki haandi haani. Misaalu, kuugal haalaaji e ɗemngal ina waawi ɓamtude haalaaji haalaaji ngam sukaaɓe ɓe njogii caɗeele fonoloji.((children with language delays is necessary to determine whether the language delay was caused by another condition.[22] Examples of such conditions are autism spectrum disorder, hearing loss and apraxia. The manner of treatment depends on the diagnosed condition. Language delays may impact expressive language, receptive language, or both. Communication disorders may impact articulation, fluency (stuttering) and other specified and unspecified communication disorders. For example, speech and language services may focus on the production of speech sounds for children with phonological challenges. [23][24][25]
))
Kuugal hawtaade e kuugal ngam yahugo bana bana bana bana ɗum waɗii bana bana bana non, ɗum waɗii ngam ɓeydaade ɗemngal. Misaalu, nyau nyau ndu'e haɓɓii ɗum haɓɓiiɗum e anndal ngal hawti e hawtaade e nder kawtal yimɓe. Mark Sundberg's framework of verbal behavior is another well-established assessment and treatment modality that is incorporated into many applied behavior analysis (ABA) early intervention treatment programs for young children with autism and communication challenges.(((Intervention services and treatment programs have been specifically developed for autistic children with language delays. For example, pivotal response treatment is a well-established and researched intervention that includes family participation.[26] Mark Sundberg's verbal behavior framework is another well-established assessment and treatment modality that is incorporated into many applied behavior analysis (ABA) early intervention treatment programs for young children with autism and communication challenges. [27] )).
Firo no haani haalaaji ngam haalaaji haalaaji, hawti e jaŋde, e, dow jaŋde ɗum, jaŋde golle, jaŋge ɓalli, e/ko jaŋde haalaaji. Fuuɗugo ngam mutism ngam yiɗugo hawti jaɓugo, jaɓugo e jaɓgol jaɓugo. Kuɗol ngam ɓeydaaki wolde ha mawɓe ɓe ɗon mari wolde haa ɓaawo ɗon hawta hujja ngam heɓugo daliila, hawti e daliilaji hawti e warugo, ha ɓaawo ɗon ɗum haɓɓugo ko haani. Fuuɗugo ina waawi hawtude e jaɓɓugo, walla jaɓɓugo ko'e mum, haa e dow daliila ɓeydaaki wolde.(((Treatment for absence of speech due to apraxia, involves assessment, and, based on the assessment, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and/or speech therapy.[28][29][30] Treatment for selective mutism involves assessment, counseling, and positive supports.[31] Treatment for absence of speech in adults who previously had speech involves assessment to determine cause, including medical and surgery related causes, followed by appropriate treatment or management. Treatment may involve counseling, or rehabilitation services, depending upon cause of loss of speech. [32][33] ))).
Jaɓɓorgo Ganndal
Jaɓɓorgo hawti e naftoraade kuuje banaaji, noddinaaɗe haalde e ɓeydaade. Fuuɗuki e haaniwol laawol ɗon jeyaa e baawɗe ɓalli yimɓe e kuuɗe maɓɓe.(((functioning. [34] ))
Fedde habaru ɓeydi e footi fuɗɗii diga software habaru ngam tablet ngam hokkata habaru habaru haɗi bee tagdi nanki to habaru ha habaru ha nder teknoloji. Misaalu, laawol gootol hawti e huutoreeɗe fotooji ɗi waawi wonde e ɓesngu velcro ngam waɗugo laawol habaru jaɓɓorgo nde warata ko haani annduki ko haani walla ɓesngu motori ngam huutoreeki tablet.((tablet. [35] )).
Kuje ɗe ɗon waɗa wolde ɗon walli yimɓe ɓe ɗon mari halluɓe wolde ngam daliila nyauɓe ɗon walli wolde, nyauɓe haalanki ngam walli wolwe, malla kuje ɗe walli wolve. Ɗuum ɓeydi ɓeydaade e laaɓal huutoreede.((ease of use. [36] )).
Ndaare kadi
- Aphasia
- Aphonia
- Wondirde ɓeydiingo e feere
- Autism
- Ɓaaɗe
- Ɓamtaare ɓamtaare
- Dysarthria
- Dyslalia
- Ɓeydaaki wolde
- Ɓeydaaki wolde
- Paresis ɓuɓɓugo
Firooji
- ↑ Grippo, J.; Vergel, M. F.; Comar, H.; Grippo, T. (2001). "[Mutism in children]". Revista de Neurología. 32 (3): 244–246. doi:10.33588/rn.3203.2000376. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 11310279.
- ↑ Grippo, J.; Vergel, M. F.; Comar, H.; Grippo, T. (2001). "[Mutism in children]". Revista de Neurología. 32 (3): 244–246. doi:10.33588/rn.3203.2000376. ISSN 0210-0010. PMID 11310279.
- ↑ CDC (2019-01-30). "Language and Speech Disorders in Children | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-10.
- ↑ "2 The production of speech sounds". www.personal.rdg.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-11.
- ↑ "Childhood apraxia of speech - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ↑ "Vocal Cord (Fold) Paralysis". ENT Health (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ↑ "Ajánlások mozgáskorlátozott gyermekek, tanulók kompetencia alapú fejlesztéséhez". Dombainé Esztergomi Anna (in Hongariire). Budapest: suliNova Közoktatás-fejlesztési és Pedagógus-továbbképzési Kht. 2006. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- ↑ "Broca area | Definition, Function, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-11.
- ↑ "Aphasia", The Free Dictionary, retrieved 2020-04-11
- ↑ Catsman-Berrevoets, Coriene E.; Aarsen, Feke K. (2010). "The spectrum of neurobehavioural deficits in the Posterior Fossa Syndrome in children after cerebellar tumour surgery". Cortex; A Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior. 46 (7): 933–946. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.10.007. ISSN 1973-8102. PMID 20116053. S2CID 206983595.
- ↑ "Selective Mutism: Signs and Symptoms". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ↑ Manassis, Katharina (2009). "Silent suffering: understanding and treating children with selective mutism". Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics. 9 (2): 235–243. doi:10.1586/14737175.9.2.235. ISSN 1744-8360. PMID 19210197. S2CID 25263166.
- ↑ Bergman, R. Lindsey; Piacentini, John; McCracken, James T. (August 2002). "Prevalence and description of selective mutism in a school-based sample". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 41 (8): 938–946. doi:10.1097/00004583-200208000-00012. ISSN 0890-8567. PMID 12162629. S2CID 20947226.
- ↑ Steffenburg, Hanna; Steffenburg, Suzanne; Gillberg, Christopher; Billstedt, Eva (2018-05-07). "Children with autism spectrum disorders and selective mutism". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 14: 1163–1169. doi:10.2147/NDT.S154966. ISSN 1176-6328. PMC 5944454. PMID 29765220.
- ↑ CDC (2019-01-30). "Language and Speech Disorders in Children | CDC". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ↑ "Speech and Communication Disorders". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
- ↑ Marrus, Natasha; Hall, Lacey (2017). "Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 26 (3): 539–554. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2017.03.001. ISSN 1056-4993. PMC 5801738. PMID 28577608.
- ↑ Martin, Gary E.; Klusek, Jessica; Estigarribia, Bruno; Roberts, Joanne E. (2009). "Language Characteristics of Individuals with Down Syndrome". Topics in Language Disorders. 29 (2): 112–132. doi:10.1097/tld.0b013e3181a71fe1. ISSN 0271-8294. PMC 2860304. PMID 20428477.
- ↑ "Speech and Language Resources | National Down Syndrome Congress" (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ↑ Volkers, Nancy (2018). "Untangling the Language Challenges of Autism". The ASHA Leader (in Engeleere). 22 (4): 54–59. doi:10.1044/leader.FTR2.22042017.54.
- ↑ "Autism Spectrum Disorder: Communication Problems in Children". NIDCD (in Engeleere). 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2020-04-19.
- ↑ McLaughlin, M. R. (May 2011). "Speech and Language delay in children". American Family Physician. American Association of Family Physicians. 83 (10): 1183–1188. PMID 21568252.
- ↑ "Oral Motor Institute". oralmotorinstitute.org. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ↑ "Why Act Early if You're Concerned about Development?". CDC.gov (in Engeleere). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019-12-09. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ↑ Roberts, Megan; Kaiser, Ann (2015-03-02). "Early Intervention for Toddlers With Language Delays: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Pediatrics. 135 (4): 686–693. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-2134. PMC 4379460. PMID 25733749.
- ↑ Lei, Jiedi; Ventola, Pamela (2017-06-20). "Pivotal response treatment for autism spectrum disorder: current perspectives". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 13: 1613–1626. doi:10.2147/NDT.S120710. ISSN 1176-6328. PMC 5488784. PMID 28790824.
- ↑ "Verbal Behavior Therapy". Autism Speaks (in Engeleere). Retrieved 2020-04-20.
- ↑ Caspari, Sue (2018). "Treatment Approaches for Children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS)" (PDF). apraxia-kids.org.
- ↑ "Childhood apraxia of speech - Symptoms and causes". mayoclinic.org (in Engeleere). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
- ↑ "Speech-Language Therapy (for Parents)". kidshealth.org. Nemours KidsHealth. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
- ↑ "Selective mutism". nhs.uk (in Engeleere). 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2020-04-20.
- ↑ Lincoln, Tania M.; Riehle, Marcel; Pillny, Matthias; Helbig-Lang, Sylvia; Fladung, Anne-Katharina; Hartmann-Riemer, Matthias; Kaiser, Stefan (2017-12-05). "Using Functional Analysis as a Framework to Guide Individualized Treatment for Negative Symptoms". Frontiers in Psychology. 8: 2108. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02108. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5723417. PMID 29259567.
- ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ "Families need guidance before buying a communication app for autism". Spectrum | Autism Research News (in Engeleere). 2019-04-23. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ↑ "Communication aids for disabled children - Living made easy". www.livingmadeeasy.org.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-14.
- ↑ "ALS Augmentative Communication Program | Speech-Generating Devices | Boston Children's Hospital". www.childrenshospital.org. Retrieved 2020-04-20.