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Abbyrlhit Greagagh

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Notey: Ta cowraghyn er lheh 'syn art shoh. Mannagh vel jargaght jannoo screeu crampit ec y cho-earrooder ayd, foddee dy vaik uss cowraghyn feysht, kishtaghyn ny cowraghyn elley ayns ynnyd ny cowraghyn kiartey.
Abbyrlhit Greagagh
Sorçh Abbyrlhit
Çhengaghyn Greagish
Eash ~8oo eash RC - jiu[1]
Bun-choryssyn
Coryssyn paitçhey Abbyrlhittyn Gothagh, Glagolitagh, Kyrillagh, Coptagh, Armeanagh, Shenn Iddaalagh, Romanagh
Ream Unicode U+0370 to U+03FF (“Greek and Coptic”)
U+1F00 to U+1FFF (“Greek Extended”)
ISO 15924 Grek
Notey: Bee cowraghyn sheeanagh ASE er y duillag shoh ayns Unicode, foddee.
Yn Abbyrlhit Greagagh
Α α Alpha Β β Beta
Γ γ Gamma Δ δ Delta
Ε ε Epsilon Ζ ζ Zeta
Η η Eta Θ θ Theta
Ι ι Iota Κ κ Kappa
Λ λ Lambda Μ μ Mu
Ν ν Nu Ξ ξ Xi
Ο ο Omicron Π π Pi
Ρ ρ Rho Σ σ Sigma
Τ τ Tau Υ υ Upsilon
Φ φ Phi Χ χ Chi
Ψ ψ Psi Ω ω Omega
Yn Abbyrlhit Greagagh Sheeynt
Fau Heta
San Sho
Lettyryn bun-earrooagh 'syn Abbyrlhit Greagagh
Stigma Qoppa
Sampi

Ta'n abbyrlhit Greagagh (Greagish: Ελληνικό αλφάβητο) ny phossan dy chiare lettyryn as feed ta ymmydit ry hoi screeu sheese y Ghreagish veih'n 9-oo ny yn 8-oo eash RC. T'eh ny chied abbyrlhit as ny abbyrlhit shinney er-yn-oyr dy vel eh cowraghey magh dagh breeockle as dagh corockle lesh cowrey er lheh.[2] Va ny lettyryn er nyn ymmyd myr earrooyn Greagagh, as y cliaghtey shen goaill toshiaght 'sy 2-h eash RC.

Daase yn abbyrhit Greagagh ass yn abbyrlhit Feaneeckagh, agh cha nel mooinjerys echey rish Linnagh B ny yn çhillabaght Chypragh, coryssyn screeuee leah da'n Ghreagish. Daase ram abbyrlhityn elley ta ymmydit 'syn Oarpey as 'sy Niar Meanagh ass, goaill stiagh yn abbyrlhit Ladjynagh.[2] Ayns bishaghey lesh yn ymmyd echey jiu son screeu sheese y Ghreagish, ta ny lettyryn ayn ymmydit myr cowraghyn 'sy vaddaght as 'syn oaylleeaght, myr enmyn da breneenyn 'syn 'ishag, as myr enmyn rollageagh, as myr enmyn co-vraaraghyssyn as co-hayraghyssyn, as son cooishyn ennagh elley.

Preeu-lettyryn

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Lettyr Lettyr
Feaneeckagh
co-reggyrtagh 		Ennym Aalettraghey1 Fockley magh Towse
earrooagh
Gaelg Shenn-
Ghreagish 		Greagish
Vean-eashagh
(yl-heeanagh) 		Greagish
Noa-emshiragh 		Shenn-
Ghreagish 		Greagish
Noa-emshiragh 		Shenn-
Ghreagish
Chlassicagh 		Greagish
Noa-emshiragh
Α α Aleph Aleph Alpha ἄλφα άλφα a [a] [aː] [a] 1
Β β Beth Beth Beta βῆτα βήτα b v [b] [v] 2
Γ γ Gimel Gimel Gamma γάμμα γάμμα
γάμα 		g gh, g, j [ɡ] [ɣ], [ʝ] 3
Δ δ Daleth Daleth Delta δέλτα δέλτα d d, dh, th [d] [ð] 4
Ε ε He He Epsilon εἶ ἒ ψιλόν έψιλον e [e] 5
Ζ ζ Zayin Zayin Zeta ζῆτα ζήτα z [zd]
ny ([dz])
[zː] ny s'anmey 		[z] 7
Η η Heth Heth Eta ἦτα ήτα e, ē i [ɛː] [i] 8
Θ θ Teth Teth Theta θῆτα θήτα th [tʰ] [θ] 9
Ι ι Yodh Yodh Iota ἰῶτα ιώτα
γιώτα 		i [i] [iː] [i], [ʝ] 10
Κ κ Kaph Kaph Kappa κάππα κάππα
κάπα 		k [k] [k], [c] 20
Λ λ Lamedh Lamedh Lambda λάβδα λάμβδα λάμδα
λάμβδα 		l [l] 30
Μ μ Mem Mem Mu μῦ μι
μυ 		m [m] 40
Ν ν Nun Nun Nu νῦ νι
νυ 		n [n] 50
Ξ ξ Samekh Samekh Xi ξεῖ ξῖ ξι x x, ks [ks] 60
Ο ο Ayin 'Ayin Omicron οὖ ὂ μικρόν όμικρον o [o] 70
Π π Pe Pe Pi πεῖ πῖ πι p [p] 80
Ρ ρ Res Resh Rho ῥῶ ρω r (ῥ: rh) r [r], [r̥] [r] 100
Σ σ ς Shin Shin Sigma σῖγμα σίγμα s [s] 200
Τ τ Taw Taw Tau ταῦ ταυ t [t] 300
Υ υ Waw Waw Upsilon ὖ ὖ ψιλόν ύψιλον u, y y, v, f [y] [yː]
([ʉ] [ʉː] roish) 		[i] 400
Φ φ arganeys mychione y vun
(jeeagh er y teks) 		Phi φεῖ φῖ φι ph f [pʰ] [f] 500
Χ χ Chi χεῖ χῖ χι ch ch, kh [kʰ] [x], [ç] 600
Ψ ψ Psi ψεῖ ψῖ ψι ps [ps] 700
Ω ω Ayin 'Ayin Omega ὦ ὦ μέγα ωμέγα o, ō o [ɔː] [o] 800

Lettyryn ceaghlee

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Ta lettyryn ennagh ayn as cummaghyn ceaghlee ry-akin oc, as ny cummaghyn shen goaill eiraghey veih myn-lauescreeuee mean-eashagh. Choud's ta'n ymmyd jeu jeant ayns clougraafeeaght chadjin ny Greagish myr aghtyn clou, ta fir jeu er ny gheddyn ynchoadagheeyn er lheh ayns Unicode.

  • Ta'n cowrey ϐ ("beta cass-lhoobagh") ny chummey ceaghlee cass-lhoobagh jeh'n lettyr beta (β). 'Sy tradishoon Frangagh jeh clougraafeeaght ny Shenn-Ghreagish, ta β ymmydit ec toshiaght focklyn as ta ϐ ymmydit çheusthie jeh focklyn.
  • Ta'n lettyr epsilon as daa chummey ceaghlee ry-akin dy corrym - ('epsilon' corranagh, cosoylagh rish lieh-chiarkylagh lesh linney) ny (cosoylagh rish earroo 3 contraartagh). Ta'n cowrey ϵ (U+03F5) enmyssit myr cummey corranagh er lheh, as eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n cowrey ϑ ("theta laue-screeuee") ny chummey roie jeh theta (θ), as t'eh ry-akin dy mennick ayns lauescreeuee, as er ymmyd lesh keeall er lheh myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n cowrey ϰ ("cowrey kappa") ny chummey roie jeh kappa (κ), as eh er ymmyd myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n cowrey ϖ ("pi ceaghlee") ny chummey laue-screeuee shenndeeagh jeh pi (π), as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n lettyr rho (ρ) lesh cummaghyn aghtagh anchasley ry-akin, lesh y famman echey goll jeeragh sheese ny lesh cassag da'n jesh. Ta'n cowrey ϱ (U+03F1) enmyssit da'n chummey cass-loobagh erlheh, as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n lettyr sigma, 'sy chlougraafeeaght chadjin, ry-akin as daa chummey ceaghlee echey: ta ς ymmydit ec jerrey focklyn ynrican, as ta σ ymmydit aynd dagh boayl elley. Ta'n cummey ϲ ("sigma corranagh", cosoylagh rish y c Ladjynagh) ny cheaghlagh aghtagh mean-eashagh as foddee dy vel ymmyd jeant jeh lesh ny gyn yn anchaslys jerrinagh.
  • Ta'n preeu-lettyr upsilon (Υ) ry-akin lesh ceaghlee aghtagh anchasley echey, lesh ny strugeyn heose goll seose dy jeeragh myr ta ry-akin 'sy Y Ladjynagh, ny lesh cassagyn beggey echey. Ta'n cowrey ϒ (U+03D2) enmyssit da'n chummey cass-loobagh er lheh, as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.
  • Ta'n lettyr phi taghyrt lesh daa cheaghlee aghtagh dy mennick - lesh y chummey (kiarkyl lesh linney pontreilagh goll ny hrooid) echey ny myr (cummey cass-loobagh ta foshlit ec y vaare). Ta'n cowrey ϕ (U+03D5) enmyssit da'n chummey doont er lheh as t'eh ymmydit myr cowrey çhaghnoil.

Yn abbyrlhit Greagagh sheeynt

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Lettyryn bun-earrooagh 'syn Abbyrlhit Greagagh

Lettyr Lettyr
Feaneeckagh
co-reggyrtagh 		Ennym Aalettraghey1 Fockley magh Towse earrooagh
Gaelg Shenn-Ghreagish Greagish
Noa-emshiragh
Waw Waw Stigma – στίγμα st [st] 6
() Qoph Qoph Qoppa ϙόππα κόππα k [k] 90
() Tsade Tsade Sampi – σαμπῖ ss [sː], [ks], [ts] 900

Lettyryn ass ymmyd

Lettyr Lettyr
Feaneeckagh
co-reggyrtagh 		Ennym Aalettraghey1 Fockley magh Towse earrooagh
Gaelg Shenn-Ghreagish Greagish
Noa-emshiragh
() Waw Waw Fau ϝαῦ δίγαμμα w [w] 6
Heth Heth Heta ἧτα ήτα h [h] –
Tsade Tsade (ynnyd)
Shin Shin (ennym) 		San ϻάν σάν s [s] –
Tsade Tsade (ynnyd)
Shin Shin (ennym) 		Sho – – š [ʃ] –

Scarreydee

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Ard-art: Scarreydee ny Greagish

'Sy chair-screeu yl-heeanagh tradishoonagh ta ymmydit dy tradishoonagh da'n Çhenn-Ghreagish, foddee breeocklyn ymmyrkey scarreydee, ta shen dy ghra slattagyn as ennalyn. T'ad ny slattagyn ayn na'n clattag virragh (´), y clattag hrome (`), as y clattag lhoobagh (ˆ). 'Sy Çhenn Ghreagish, ren ny slattagyn shen soilshaghey cummaghyn anchasley jeh'n clattag ardjey. Ec jerrey yn eash Raueagh, va'n clattag ardjey er ny aase gys slattag stroos, as 'sy Ghreagish ny s'anmey ren dagh fer jeh ny slattagyn shen soilshaghey magh breeocklyn stroosit. T'ad ny h-ennalyn ayn na'n ennal gharroo (῾), as eh cowraghey sheean /h/ ec toshiaght fockle, as yn ennal ghleayshagh (᾽), as eh cowraghey aasaaraght y çheean /h/ ec toshiaght fockle. Ta'n lettyr rho (ρ), ga nagh vel eh ny ny vreeockle, gymmyrkey ennal gharroo dy kinjagh traa t'eh ec toshiaght fockle. She scarreydagh elley ta ymmydit 'sy Ghreagish na'n cowrey scarree (¨), as eh soilshaghey magh hiatys.

'Sy vlein 1982, va'n shenn chorys screeuee, er enney myr y cowrey yl-heeanagh, jeant aashagh dy ve ny chorys unsheeanagh, as staydys oikoil 'sy Ghreag ec y corys shen nish. Cha nel ayn nish agh un clattag, y tonos, as va ny h-ennalyn scrysst.

Ymmyd yn abbyrlhit Greagagh ry hoi çhengaghyn elley

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She'n preeu-ymmyd jeh'n abbyrlhit Greagagh na dy screeu sheese y Ghreagish. Ansherbee, dy keayrtyn as ayns buill ennagh, va ymmyd jeant jeh son dy screeu sheese çhengaghyn elley.[3]

Sampleyryn leah

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Lesh lettyryn elley

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Ta shiartanse dy abbyrlhityn ennagh screeuit lesh yn abbyrlhit Greagagh lesh cooney lettyryn bishee elley:

  • Ta'n abbyrlhit Bactriagh cur y lettyr Sho stiagh 'syn earroo as va'n abbyrlhit shen ymmydit son dy screeu sheese y Vactrish fo reill yn Impiraght Kushan (65-250 BNJ).[4]
  • Ta'n abbyrlhit Coptagh cur hoght lettyryn veih'n Demotagh rish. T'eh foast ymmydit jiu, 'syn Egypt son y chooid smoo, son dy screeu sheese y Choptish. Ta ny lettyryn freayll cummey unshagh dy cadjin ta anchasley veih ny cummaghyn ta ymmydit 'sy Ghreag jiu (jean cosoylaght rish cummaghyn jeh'n abbyrlhit Ladjynagh ta ymmydit 'sy script Gaelgagh).
  • Ta'n Çhenn Nubish ass Makuria (y Toodaan noa-emshiragh) cur tree lettyryn Coptagh rish, daa lettyr veih'n script Meroitagh, as un daalettyr jeh daa ghamma Greagagh ta ymmydit son dy screeu sheese y sheean ng.

Ayns ny h-eashyn ny s'noa

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Abbyrlhityn ta çheet magh ass

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Daase abbyrlhityn eigsoylagh magh ass yn abbyrlhit Greagagh:[2]

T'eh coontit, foddee, myr shennayr yn abbyrlhit Armeanagh, as va cleayney echey ayns lhiasaghey yn abbyrlhit Shorshagh.

Imraaghyn

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  1. ↑ Pierre Swiggers, Transmission of the Phoenician Script to the West, ayns Daniels as Bright, The World's Writing Systems, 1996
  2. ↑ a b c Coulmas, Florian (1996). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems. Aah yn Ollee: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. ISBN 0-631-21481-X.
  3. ↑ Jeeagh er S. Macrakis, 1996 son y chlaare lioaragh
  4. ↑ New Findings in Ancient Afghanistan — the Bactrian documents discovered from the Northern Hindu-Kush, leaght liorish yn Olloo Nicholas Sims-Williams (Ollooscoil Lunnin - Hirayama Prize)
  5. ↑ "Dva balgarski rakopisa s gracko pismo", Balgarski starini 6, 1920; André Mazon and André Vaillant, L'Evangelaire de Kulakia, un parler slave de Bas-Vardar, Bibliothèque d'études balkaniques 6, 1938; Jürgen Kristophson, "Das Lexicon Tetraglosson des Daniil Moschopolitis", Zeitschrift für Balkanologie 9:11; Max Demeter Peyfuss, Die Druckerei von Moschopolis, 1731-1769: Buchdruck und Heiligenverehrung in Erzbistum Achrida, Wiener Archiv für Geschichte des Slawentums und Osteuropas 13, 1989.

Kianglaghyn çheumooie

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