Xi'an

Xi'an (Cheenese: 西安; pinyin: Xī'ān)^[1]^[2] is the caipital o the Shaanxi province, an a sub-provincial ceety in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. As ane o the auldest ceeties in Cheenae, wi mair than 3,100 years o history, the ceety wis kent as Chang'an afore the Ming Dynasty.^[1] Xi'an is one of the Fower Great Ancient Caipitals o Cheenae, haein held that position unner several o the maist important dynasties in Cheenese history,^[3] includin Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, an Tang.^[3] Xi'an is the eastren terminus o the Silk Road an hame tae the Terracotta Army.^[1]

Since the 1990s, as pairt o the economic revival o interior Cheenae especially for the central an northwast regions, the city of Xi'an has re-emerged as an important cultural, industrial and educational centre of the central-northwest region, with facilities for research and development, national security and China's space exploration program.

Historical names o Xi'an

The twa Cheenese characters "西安" in the name Xi'an literally mean "Wastren Peace", whilst the pronunciation in the local Xi'anese dialect is amaist the same as the Staundart Mandarin pronunciation based on Hanyu Pinyin. Throughout history the ceety's name haes aften chynged. At the time o the Zhou Dynasty, frae aroond 1046 BCE it was cried "Fenghao" (沣镐/沣鎬) then renamed Chang'an (长安/長安), meanin "Perpetual Peace", durin the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE). It chynged in 581 CE tae Daxing (大兴/大興) durin the Sui Dynasty then again became Chang'an frae 618 CE durin the Tang Dynasty. Durin the Yuan Dynasty (1270-1368 CE), the ceety wis first given the name Fengyuan (奉元), followed by Anxi (安西) then Jingzhao (京兆). It finally became Xi'an in the year 1369 CE at the time o the Ming Dynasty. This name remained till 1928, then in 1930 it wis renamed Xijing (西京). The ceety's name ance again revertit tae its Ming-era designation of Xi'an in the year 1943.

Xi'an is abbreviatit in Cheenese tae either Hao (镐/鎬) or Tang (唐). The umwhile abbreviation is derived frae the Zhou Dynasty name Haojing (镐京/鎬京), whilst the latter comes frae the name o the Tang Dynasty.

Internaitional relations

Twin touns—Sister ceeties

Xi'an's sister ceeties are:

Nara, Japan. (1974)
Kyoto, Japan. (1974)
Edinburgh, Unitit Kinrick. (1985)
Pau, Fraunce. (1986)
Kansas Ceety, United States. (1989)
Isfahan, Iran. (1989)
Dortmund, Germany. (1991)^[4]
Lahore, Pakistan. (1992)

Funabashi, Japan. (1994)
Gyeongju, Republic o Korea. (1994)
Iaşi, Romanie. (1994)
Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine. (1995)
Istanbul, Turkey. (1996)
Kathmandu, Nepal. (1996)
Brasília, Brazil. (1997)

Québec City, Canadae. (2001)
Córdoba, Argentina. (2006)
Pompei, Italy. (2007)
Athens, Greece
Kalamata, Greece (2009)
Birmingham, Unitit Kinrick.
Cusco, Peru.

Consulates

Gaoxin Internaitional, Keji Road, September 2007
Yulang Internaitional, Jiefang Road, 2006

References

↑ ^a ^b ^c "Xi'an". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
↑ It is an' a' cawed "Sianfu" bi mony Wastren authors in the early 20t century. For example, the Catholic Archdiocese o Xian uised tae be cawed the Vicariate Apostolic of Sianfu. Adolf S. Waley, The Re-making of China, New York: EP Dutton and Company, 1914.
↑ ^a ^b "Xi'an". Encarta. 1993-2008. 3 September 2008.
↑ "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District" (PDF). © 2009 Twins2010.com. Retrieved 28 October 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)

[br-1] "Xi'an". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 September 2008.

[2] It is an' a' cawed "Sianfu" bi mony Wastren authors in the early 20t century. For example, the Catholic Archdiocese o Xian uised tae be cawed the Vicariate Apostolic of Sianfu. Adolf S. Waley, The Re-making of China, New York: EP Dutton and Company, 1914.

[encarta-3] "Xi'an". Encarta. 1993-2008. 3 September 2008.

[RuhrTwins2010-4] "List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District" (PDF). © 2009 Twins2010.com. Retrieved 28 October 2009. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)

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