July 11

2024 Calendar

July 11 is the 192nd day of the year (193rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 173 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

472 - After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in Saint Peter's Basilica and put to death.
1174 - Baldwin IV, aged 13, becomes King of Jerusalem, with Raymond III, Count of Tripoli as regent and William of Tyre as chancellor.
1302 – Battle of the Golden Spurs (Dutch: Guldensporenslag) – the Flemish cities beat the king of France.
1346 – Charles IV of Luxembourg elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
1405 - Ming Dynasty admiral Zheng He sets sail to explore the world for the first time.
1502 - The Caribbean island of Hispaniola is ravaged by a hurricane, killing 500 people.
1533 - King Henry VIII of England is excommunicated.
1576 – Martin Frobisher sights Greenland.
1613 - Mikhail Romanov is crowned as Tsar of Russia. The Romanov Dynasty rules Russia until Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is removed during the Russian Revolution in 1917.
1616 – Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
1735 - Dwarf planet Pluto is in Neptune's orbit for the last time until 1979.
1740 – Jews expelled from Little Russia.
1750 – Halifax, Nova Scotia almost completely destroyed by fire.
1776 – Captain James Cook begins third voyage.
1789 - Jacques Necker is dismissed as French finance minister, leading to the Storming of the Bastille three days later.
1796 – The U.S. takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
1798 – The United States Marine Corps is re-established; they had been disbanded after the American Revolutionary War.
1801 - French astronomer Jean-Louis Pons makes his first comet discovery. He will later go on to discover another 36 comets over the following 27 years - more than any other person has discovered.
1804 – In a duel, Vice President Aaron Burr kills Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton.
1810 - Frederick Hasselborough sights the Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island, named after Lachlan Macquarie, the Scottish Governor of New South Wales. It currently belongs to Australia.
1811 – Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoire about molecular content of gases.
1848 – The Waterloo railway station in London opens.
1859 – A Tale Of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published.
1864 – Confederate forces attempt an invasion of Washington, DC.
1889 – Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
1893 – The first cultured pearl is obtained by Kokichi Mikimoto.
1893 - A revolution led by general and politician Jose Santos Zelaya takes over state power in Nicaragua.
1895 – The brothers Lumière show movie for scientists.
1897 – Salomon August Andre leaves Spitsbergen to try to reach the North Pole by balloon. He later crashes and dies.

1901 – 2000

1914 – Babe Ruth debuts in major league baseball.
1914 - The warship USS Nevada (BB-36) is launched.
1919 – Eight-hour working day and free Sunday made into law in the Netherlands.
1921 – Truce called in the Irish War of Independence; see Irish calendar.
1921 – Former US President William Howard Taft is sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, becoming the only person to ever be both President and Chief Justice.
1921 – Mongolia becomes independent (from China).
1930 - Australian cricketer Donald Bradman scores a world-record 309 runs in one day, on his way to the highest individual Test innings of 334, during a test match against England.
1934 - Engelbert Zaschka of Germany flies his large human-powered aircraft, the Zaschka Human-Power Aircraft, about 20 meters at Berlin Tempelhof Airport with assisted take-off.
1936 – Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic.
1940 – Vichy Regime formally established in France. (and Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Prime Minister of France).
1943 – The Germans counter-attack on Sicily.
1944 – Franklin D. Roosevelt says he will run for a fourth term as president of the United States.
1950 - Pakistan joins the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank.
1955 – The phrase In God We Trust is added to all US currency.
1957 - Prince Karim Hosseini becomes the Aga Khan IV.
1960 – The novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is published for the first time.
1960 – Dahomey (now Benin), Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), and Niger all gain independence.
1960 - The State of Katanga breaks away from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
1962 – First transatlantic satellite television transmission.
1962 – Soviet cosmonaut Micolaev is four days in space, a record.
1966 - The 1966 FIFA World Cup in England begins.
1971 – Copper mines in Chile are nationalised by the government of Salvador Allende.
1972 - The first game of the 1972 World Chess Championship is played in Reykjavik, Iceland, in which Bobby Fischer ends up defeating Boris Spassky on September 1.
1973 – A Brazilian Boeing 707 crashes near Paris on approach to Orly Airport, resulting in the death of 122 people.
1975 – Chinese archeologists discover a large burial site with 6,000 clay statutes of warriors from 221 BC.
1977 – Martin Luther King, Jr. is posthumously rewarded the Medal of Freedom.
1978 - Los Alfaques Disaster: A truck carrying liquid gas crashes and explodes at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain, killing 216 tourists.
1979 – The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
1982 – Defeating West Germany 3–1 at Santiago Bernabéu stadium, Italy wins the 1982 edition of the Football World Cup.
1983 – A Boeing 727 crashes into hilly terrain after a tail strike in Cuenca, Ecuador, claiming 119 lives.
1987 – According to the United Nations, the world population crosses the 5,000,000,000 mark.
1991 – A Nigerian DC-8 crashes while landing at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia killing 261
1991 – Total solar eclipse in Hawaii.
1995 – Full diplomatic relations are established between the United States and Vietnam.
1995 – Bosnian Serbs capture the Muslim city of Srebrenica. Many inhabitants are murdered, beginning the Srebrenica Massacre, the biggest massacre in Europe since World War II.
1995 – A Cubana de Aviacion Antonov AN-24 crashes into the Caribbean off southeast Cuba killing 44.

From 2001

2006 – A series of bomb attacks devastates Mumbai, India, killing 207 people.
2010 – 2010 FIFA World Cup: The Spain national football team wins the FIFA World Cup for the first time, after a 1-0 extra time win over the Netherlands national football team, who had also never won the World Cup before. The game was overshadowed by some violent tackling, and referee Howard Webb gave out a record number of yellow cards for a World Cup final.
2010 - Two suicide bombings occur in Kampala, Uganda, killing 74 people.
2012 - Astronomers announce the discovery of Styx, a moon of Pluto.
2013 - Luxembourg's government under Jean-Claude Juncker is brought down by a spy scandal.

Births

Deaths

Up to 1900

ca. 155 – Pope Pius I
472 – Anthemius, Emperor of the Western Empire (legal murder)
937 – Rudolph II of Burgundy (b. 880)
969 – Olga of Kiev (b. 890)
1174 - Amalric I of Jerusalem (b. 1136)
1183 - Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1117)
1302 - Robert II, Count of Artois (b. 1250)
1535 - Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1484)
1553 - Maurice, Elector of Saxony (b. 1521)
1688 – King Narai of Siam (b. 1629)
1804 – Alexander Hamilton, United States Secretary of the Treasury (duel) (b. 1757)
1825 - Thomas P. Grosvenor, American soldier and politician (b. 1744)
1844 - Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (b. 1800)
1879 - William Allen, 31st Governor of Ohio (b. 1803)

1901 – 2000

1908 - Friedrich Traun, German tennis player (b. 1876)
1909 - Simon Newcomb, Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician (b. 1835)
1916 – Jon Olafsson, Icelandic editor, journalist and poet (b. 1850)
1920 - Eugénie de Montijo, Spanish wife of Napoleon III of France (b. 1826)
1937 – George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898)
1941 - Arthur Evans, English archaeologist (b. 1851)
1957 - Aga Khan III (b. 1877)
1959 – Charlie Parker, cricketer (b. 1882)
1962 - Owen D. Young, American lawyer, diplomat, industrialist and businessman (b. 1874)
1966 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet and author (b. 1913)
1967 - Guy Favreau, Canadian lawyer, judge and politician (b. 1917)
1971 – John W. Campbell, science fiction writer and editor (b. 1910)
1974 – Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1891)
1987 - Avi Ran, Israeli footballer (b. 1963)
1989 – Sir Laurence Olivier, English actor (b. 1907)
1991 – Hitoshi Igarashi, English-Japanese translator, of The Satanic Verses (b. 1947)
1991 - Mokhtar Dahari, Malaysian footballer (b. 1953)
1994 – Gary Kildall, computer programmer (b. 1942)
1995 - Don Starr, American actor (b. 1917)
1999 – Helen Forrest, American jazz singer (b. 1917)
2000 – Robert Runcie, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1921)

From 2001

2001 – Herman Brood, singer and artist (suicide) (b. 1946)
2003 – Zahra Kazemi, Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer (b. 1949)
2004 – Laurance Rockefeller, American conservationist and philanthropist (b. 1910)
2005 – Gretchen Franklin, English actress (b. 1911)
2007 – Lady Bird Johnson, First Lady of the United States (b. 1912)
2007 – Alfonso Lopez Michelsen, 32nd President of Colombia (b. 1913)
2008 – Michael DeBakey, American surgeon and inventor (b. 1908)
2009 – Arturo Gatti, Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
2010 – Bob Sheppard, American announcer (b. 1910)
2011 - Tom Gehrels, Dutch-American astronomer (b. 1925)
2013 - Zeb Alley, American politician (b. 1928)
2013 - Egbert Brieskorn, German mathematician (b. 1936)
2014 - Charlie Haden, American jazz musician (b. 1937)
2014 - Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-American musician (b. 1952)
2014 - Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (b. 1915)
2014 - John Seigenthaler, American journalist and writer (b. 1927)
2014 - Carin Mannheimer, Swedish writer (b. 1934)
2014 - Ray Lonnen, British actor (b. 1940)
2014 - Randall Stout, American architect (b. 1958)
2015 - Giacomo Biffi, Italian cardinal (b. 1928)
2015 - Satoru Iwata, Japanese President and CEO of Nintendo (b. 1959)
2015 - Hussein Fatal, American rapper (b. 1977)

Observances

Day of the Flemish Community in Belgium
First Day of Naadam (Mongolia)
National Day of Commemoration (Republic of Ireland)
World Population Day

Events

Up to 1900

1901 – 2000

From 2001

Births

Up to 1900

1901 – 1950

1951 – 1975

From 1976

Deaths

Up to 1900

1901 – 2000

From 2001

Observances