Vashona

Mhuri yeMashona. Ambuya (vagere kuruboshwe). Amai (vakamira kumashure kweVana (vagere pasi, pamberi paamai wavo))

Vanhu vese
16.6 mazanazana (2019)
Makaranga	8.5 mazanazana (miriyoni)
Mazezuru	5.2 mazanazana (miriyoni)
Mandau	2.4 mazanazana (miriyoni)
Makorekore	1.7 mazanazana (miriyoni)
Samanyika	1.3 mazanazana (miriyoni)
Dzimwe nyika dzineMashona
Zimbabwe	12 mazanazana (2019)
Mozambiki	153,000
Bhotswana	56,000
South Africa	~2 mazanazana (2019)
Zambia	30,200
United Kingdom	500,000 (2011)
Mitauro
Sitandadhi Shona, Chirungu, Chikaranga, Chizezuru, Chikorekore, Chimanyika, Chindau
Chidaviro / Chinamato
Chikristu, Chidaviro cheVashona, Majudha
Madzinza anehukama huri pedyo
Lemba, Kalanga; Venda and other Bantu people

Munhu	Mushona
Vanhu	Mashona
Mutauro	Chishona
Nyika	Mashonaland

Vashona kana Mashona vanhu vedzinza reBantu dzinowanikwa kuChamhembe cheAfrika kunyanya Zimbabwe (kwavanoumba 85% yehuwandu hwevanhu). Vashona vanovanikwa muAfrika, Central, kuEastern nekuSouth, uye vamwe vashoma vanogara kuMozambiki, Bhotswana, Zambia neSouth Africa.

Vane mhuri shanu dzakakura, uye vari pedyo nemamwe mapoka ane tsika nemitauro yakafanana. Madzinza echiShona anonzi: vaZezuru, vaManyika, vaKorekore, vaNdau nevaKaranga. Madzinza echiShona akazvarwa nekuda kwegara mumatunhu akasiyana nekukanganiswa nemamwe marudzi eBantu aiuya achigara. Vanhu vechiShona vakasiyna asi vanokwanisa kunzwisisana kana vachitauro sezvinoita vanhu vechiNguni (Ndebele neZulu, kana Xhosa neSwati).

Pamusoro pezvo madzinza echiShona vane hukama huri pedyo neVavhenda (Venda), Vakalanga (Bakalanga), Vabarwe, Vadema neVatonga. Zviripachena munhoroondo yakagovaniswa yeMapungubwe nekutenda muna Mwari (Shona), Nwali (Venda) naMwali (Kalanga). Uye vanogovana nhoroondo neVakalanga, Vashangani neVatsonga nekuda kwekugara panzvimbo imwechete.

Muchinyakare vanhu vairoora vanhu vemamwe madzinza, uye paipinda rimwe dzinza vaizama kutonga rimwe, sezvakaita Vazulu => Vandebele kuVashona. Vamwe Vashona mukuratidzika mavo vane maziso akavhara (epicanthal folds/monolids), nekuda kweMakhoi-san, nekuti pakapinda nekugara kweMashona muZimbabwe nzvimbo yacho yakange yakagarwa neVasan kudhara. Vamwe Vasan vakabva vamwe vakagara (vachirimo munyika yeZimbabwe nhasi), vakasara pakati pavo vamwe vakaroorana neVashona (intermariage), zvakakonzera kuti mamwe Mashona vataridzike seVasan nekuti maziso akavhara ijini rinotonga kwete kutongwa. (Epicanthal folds are a dominant gene not recessive). Izvi zvinoratidzika kuMaNguni emuSouth Africa (zulu, xhosa etc.) futi, asi vakatora zvinodarika mataridziko chete nekuti vakasanganisa kudzvanya kweMasan mumutauro wavo.

Vambo reZita

VaShona

KuVashona iro zita ravo rekuti 'Shona' harina chimwe chirevo kunze kwekuti izita remadzinza ravo.

Indiya

Ikozvino kugadzirisa iko chaiko mabviro ezita rakapihwa dzinza reBantu iri; shoko rekuti Shona rakapihwa kurudzi neavo vari veIndiya. Zita rakapihwa nekuda kwehukama hwaive nevanhu vekwaMutapa nepasi rose, vaive vatengesi vezvinhu zvakawanda uye pakati pezvinhu izvi, zvishandiso nemamineral aive ndarama (kana goridhe). MuChihindi shoko rekuti ndarama rinonzi 'sona', uye kuGujariti inozivikanwawo sekuti 'sona' kana 'sonu', muChisanis'kiriti (Sanskirit) shoko rekuti 'sonu' rinoreva 'akanaka'. Shoko rakatorwa pashoko rePunjabhi rekuti "Sohna" zvinoreva kuti "akanaka". Humambo hwese hweMutapa hwaizivikanwa se "Nyika yeSona" kana kuti "Sonaland". Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemazwi uye kushanduka kwemitauro shoko rekuti wa rakazopedzisira ravhiringidzwa kuti 'Shona' izvi zvaigona kunge zvakabatsirwa nevaNguni neshoko ravo rekuti 'tshona'.

Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwehuori uhu shoko rekuti Sonaland rakava Shonaland, uye zita revanhu rakashandurwa kubva kuSona kuenda ku 'Shona' seboka. Zita iri raishandisirwa vanhu veHumambo hweMutapa hwese.

VaNguni

Paraishandiswa shoko rekuti "Shona" munguva yezana remakore 19 (19th century), Mfecane (pamwe namambo weMaNdebele Mzilikazi), raishandiswa sechibhende kuvanhu vasiri vechiNguni; pakange pasina kuzivikanwa kwakafanana nemadzinza nevanhu vanoumba chiShona chemazuva ano.

Iro shoko rekuti Shona rakabva kune vaNguni, zvichibva pashoko rekuti 'tshona' rinoreva 'kugadzika' kana 'kunyusa' (to set), uye rinowanzoshandiswa mumashoko akaita senge 'tshona malanga' kana 'tshona ilanga' mumituaro yeChinguni. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi chakakwana, sezvo shoko rekuti Shona rakapihwa vanhu sezita nevanhu vekuIndiya, asi Manguni vakavadudzira saizvozvo. Asi nekuti vaiti tshona shoko vakvhiringidza shoko rakapihwa neMaindiya. Asi vakachengeta kushandiswa kwaro sezita remadunhurirwa rinonamira.

Kugoverwa kwemarudzi, huwandu uye mutauro

Kugoverwa kwemarudzi

Nyika yeZimbabwe pamepu yeAfrica.

Nyika yeZimbabwe nematunhu yayo.

VaShona vakakamurwa kuva matavi makuru matanhatu, anoenderera sezvakanyorwa pazasi:

Standard Shona

Mabhii eStandard Shona

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe:

b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s s' t v w y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf sh sv sw ts tw ty vh zh zv zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw tsv tsw vhw zhw

Makaranga

Makaranga vanotora chikamu chinosvika makumi maviri nezviviri muzana yevagari vemuZimbabwe, yakaparadzirwa kumaodzanyemba pakati peZimbabwe.

Makaranga

Mutauro	Chikaranga
Vatauri	8.5 mazanazana
Mutauronyina	Mitauronyina eChikaranga Duma, Jena, Mhari (Mari), Ngova, Govera Venda (kwete Tshivenda) Nyubi (yaitaurwa kuMatabeleland nyika isati yatorwa neVarungu, asi yakafa).
Mhuri yemutauro	Bantu Shona S14 (Karanga)
Nzvimbo	Masvingo Midlands Province Mberengwa districts Zvishavane districts
Nyika	Zimbabwe

Mabhii eChikaranga

(Kana paneMukaranga anoziva wo, wedzerai kana kubvisa zvisiriavo)

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe

b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s t v w y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf ry(?) sh sv sw ts tw ty vh zh zv zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw tsv tsw vhw zhw

M A S H O K O

Zezuru neKaranga

Nzira = zhira, kana Nzou = Zhou, uye mombe = n'ombe

Kusayina kweChikaranga neChisitandadhi Shona (rangarirai kuti Karanga mutauro unomira pachawo, asi mutauro wechiShona).

Bazezuru

Mazezuru kan Bazezuru vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chizezuru uye vanotora 18% yehuwandu hweVashona. Zezuru ndiwo mutauro weShona unonyanya kutaurwa uye ndiwo unoshandiswa kugadzira Sitandadhi Shona.

Mazezuru

Mutauro	Chizezuru, Chisitandadhi Shona
Vatuari	5.2 mazanazana
Mutauronyina	Mutauronyina weChizezuru Shawasha, Gova, Mbire, Tsunga Kachikwakwa, Harava, Nohwe, Njanja, Nobvu Kwazvimba (Zimba)
Mhuri yemutauro	Bantu Shona S12 (Zezuru)
Nzvimbo	Mashonaland east Central Zimbabwe kudhuze neHarare
Nyika	Zimbabwe, Mozambiki, Botswana, South Africa,

Mabhii eChizezuru

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe

b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s t v w y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf sh sv sw ts tw ty vh zh zv zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw tsv tsw vhw zhw

Samanyika

Vamanyika kana Samanyika vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chimanyika uye vanotora 13% huwandu hweVashona.

Samanyika

Mutauro	Chimanyika, Chisitandadhi Shona
Vatuari	1.3 mazanazana (2000-2006)
Mutauronyina	Chibocha Chiungwe Tewe (Chiute)
Mhuri yemutauro	Bantu Shona S13 (Manyika)
Nzvimbo	Manicaland
Nyika	Zimbabwe, Mozambiki

Mabhii eChimanyika

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe

b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s t w y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf sh sv sw ts tw ty vh zh zv zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw tsv tsw vhw zhw

M A S H O K O

Zezuru neManyika

Vanhu = wanhu

Makorekore

Makorekore kana Vakorekore vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chikorekore uye vanotora 12% yehuwandu hweVashona.

Vakorekore

Mutauro	Chikorekore
Vatuari	1.7 mazanazana
Mutauronyina	Mutauronyina weKorekore Gova, Tande, Tavara, Nyongwe, Pfunde, Shan Gwe.
Mhuri yemutauro	Bantu Shona S11 (Korekore)
Nzvimbo	Northern Zimbabwe Mvurwi Bindura Mt Darwin Guruve Chiweshe Centenary .
Nyika	Zimbabwe

Mabhii eChikorekore

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe

b ch d f g h j k m n n' p r s t v w y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw dh dy dz gw hw kw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf sh sv(?) sw ts tw ty vh zh zv(?) zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw mbw ndw ngw nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw svw tsv tsw vhw zhw zvw

Zvinzvanyira zvina: (pamwe?)

dzvw nzvw tsvw

M A S H O K O

huzvweverere = emotions (Gova; mutauronyina weKorekore)

musvwavembasvwi = = schemer (shungwe; mutauronyina weKorekore)

Mandau

Vandau kana Mandau vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura Chindau uye vanotora 3% yehuwandu hweVashona kunogoverwa.

Mandau

Mutauro	Chindau
Vatuari	2.4 mazanazana (2000-2006)
Mutauronyina	Shanga Danda
Mhuri yemutauro	Bantu Shona S15 (Ndau)
Nzvimbo	Zimbabwe, Mozambiki

Mabhii echiNdau

Zvivaramwana

a e i o u

Zvinzvanyira zvimwe

b c d f g h j k l m n n' p q r s t v w x y z

Zvinvanyira zviviri

bh bv bw chw cw dh dy dz gw hl hw kh kw lw mb mh mv mw nd ng nh nj nw ny nz pw pf qw ry sh sv sw tl ts tw ty vh xw zh zv zw

Zvinzvanyira zvitatu:

dzv dzw hlw mbw ndl ndw ngw nhl nhw njw nyw nzv nzw shw svw tsv tsw vhw zhw zvw

Zvinzvanyira zvina:

M U E N Z A N I S O

Baba edu ari mudenga, ngariremeredzwe zina renyu. UMambo hwenyu ngahuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwa munyika kudai ngomudenga. Tipei nege kurya kwedu kwatinotama nyamashi. Tirekererei ndaa dzedu kudai tisu takarekerera avo vane ndaa kwetiri. Usatipinza mukuedzwa, asi tinunure kuno uwo wakashata.

M A S H O K O

akafohla = akatizira

kuxapa = kuridza tsamwa

kuqambaya = kurara

Varozvi

Varozvi kana Varozwi vanhu veDzinza rechiShona vanotaura mitauro dzechiShona, uye vanotora 9% yehuwandu hweVashona uye vakasanganiswa nemamwe marudzi.

Huwandu hweVanhu

Zvinoenderana ne "Rurimi rweMunyika", pane vanhu zviuru gumi nezviviri nemazana matanhatu ane mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu nemazana mitauro vanotaura Shona nemutauro wayo.

Vashandisi vemitauro yekutanga:

• 10,763,100

Vanoshandisa mutauro wechipiri:

• 1,800,000

Mutauro wechivanhu cheVashona ndiChishona. Nekuda kwehukama hwenhoroondo yekoroni, mitauro yepamutemo inoshandiswa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana. Mhuri yemutauro we Shona inorondedzerwa se:

• Niger-Congo language family (Niger-Congo)
  • Atlantic-Congo (Atlantic-Congo)
    • Walter - language branch of the Congo (Volta-Congo)
      • Benue-Congo (Benue-Congo)
        • Class Bantu languages (Bantoid)
          • South class Bantu languages (Southern Bantoid)
            • Bantu languages (Narrow Bantu)
              • Central Narrow Bantu
                • Zone S
                  • Shona (Shona)
                    • Karanga dialect
                    • Zezuru dialect
                    • Korekore dialect
                    • Manyika dialect
                    • Ndau dialect
                    • Hwesa

Nhoroondo

Nhoroondo yekushanduka.

Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematatu, bazi revanhu vechiBantu vaive munzira yekuenda kumaodzanyemba vakabatanidzwa muZimbabwe, uye vakagovaniswa munzvimbo yemupata pakati penzizi dzeZambezi neLimpopo, kureva Kalanga wedzinza reVashona. Zvino, mamwe matavi erudzi rweVashona, sevanhu veRozvi (Rozwi) nevaKorekore, vakapinda mumwe mushure meumwe, uye zvishoma nezvishoma vakawedzera kubva pakati pebani reZimbabwe kusvika kumativi ese. Pakati pezana ramakore regumi nesere, madzinza eVaShona saSamanyika neMandau vakapindawo munzvimbo iyi.

Kubva muzana ramakore regumi nematatu kusvika gumi nemanomwe, vaKalanga vakagadza iro rakakurumbira reHumambo hwaMutapa muZimbabwe, nzvimbo yavo yakasvika kumaodzanyemba kweMozambiki nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweBotswana pakasimba kwazvo. Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu akati wandei, inotongwa nemakurukota amambo emasimba, uye vanhu vacho vanobhadhara mutero nenzombe. Imba yezvinocherwa mumatongo yakawana nzvimbo dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzetsika nemagariro muZimbabwe, kusanganisira matongo akakurumbira eHukuru hweDzimbadzamabwe, achiratidza vanhu vechiShona vekare budiriro. Vashona vairarama nekurima nekuchengeta zvipfuyo panguva iyoyo, uye vaive nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira simbi uye ndarama arukemi (gold alchemy).

17th century, vanhu vakatanga kukura Rozvi, kubva paMonomatapa umambo, kumisikidza Humambo hweRozvi, yaitonga nzvimbo zhinji yeZimbabwe. Vakoroni veBritani vakapinda vakaba nyika muna 1889 ndokutumidza nyika "Southern Rhodesia." Nhamba huru yevhu rakaorera rakapambwa, uye maShona vakaiswa mutirongo munzvimbo isina mvura yerenje. Kusvikira pakati pezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, kusimudzira kwavo hupfumi uye tsika kwaive kuchinonoka. Kubva 1896, vanhu vechiShona vakatanga mhirizhonga dzakawanda dzekurwisa Britain. Kubva kuma1960, Zimbabwe yakaumba masangano akasiyana siyana ezvematongerwo enyika kuti vatange kurwira zvombo vachirwisa hutongi hwevachena. "Zimbabwe African National Union" inoumbwa nevaShona seboka guru. Pakazosvika 1980, vaShona vaive vakunda rusununguko rweZimbabwe pamwe nevanhu vemarudzi ese emunyika.

Madzimambo eVashona

Mwene weMutapa

Madzimambo eMutapa

• Nyatsimba Mutota (1430 - 1450)
• Matope Nyanhehwe Nebedza (1450-1480)
• Mavura Maobwe (1480)
• Nyahuma Mukombero (1480 - 1490)
• Changamire (1490-1494) (Vhuramhande)
• Chikuyo Chisamarengu (1494-1530)
• Neshangwe Munembire (1530 - 1550)
• Chivere Nyasoro (1550 - 1560)
• Negomo Chirisamhuru (1560 - 1589)
• Gatsi Rusere (1589 - 1623)
• Nyambu Kapararidze (1623 - 1629)
• Mavura Mhande Felipe (1629 - 1652)
• Siti Kazurukamusapa (1652 1663)
• Kamharapasu Mukombwe (1663 - 1692)
• Nyakambira (1692 - 1694)
• Nyamaende Mhande (1694 - 1707)
• Nyenyedzi Zenda (1707 - 1711)
• Baroma Mugwagwa (1711 - 1712)
• Samatambira Nyamhandu I (1712 - 1723)
• Samatambira Nyamhandu II (1723 - 1735)
• Nyatsusu (1735 - 1740)
• Dehwe Mapunzagutu (1740 - 1759)
• Mambo Cioko (? - 1917)

Vanhu vakakosha

• Nehanda Charwe Nyakasikana
• Nelson Chamisa
• Jackson Mutero Chirenje
• Dereck Chisora
• Herbert Chitepo
• Constantino Chiwenga
• Stella Chiweshe
• Phillip Chiyangwa
• Chartwell Dutiro
• Danai Gurira
• Thomas Mapfumo
• Chiwoniso Maraire
• Dumisani Maraire
• Strive Masiyiwa
• Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo
• Emmerson Mnangagwa
• Oliver Mtukudzi
• Grace Mugabe
• Robert Mugabe
• Joyce Mujuru
• Solomon Mujuru
• Jah Prayzah
• Shingai Shoniwa (wemubendi rinonzi Noisettes)
• George Tawengwa
• Tererai Trent
• Morgan Tsvangirai
• Winky D
• Douglas Togarasei Mwonzora

Rudaviro

Chidaviro cheChivanhu

Chidaviro (Rudaviro) kana Chitendero cheVashona mubatanidzwa wekunamata Mwari mumwechete uye kunamatwa kwemadzitateguru. Mwari ndiye musiki, ane masimbaose asi zvakare ari kure; Madzitateguru nemimwe midzimu inoshanda sevamiririri pakati paMwari nevanhu.

Pamusoro pehutongi hwemweya kune Mhondoro, mweya yevakafa vemhuri dzakafa uye madzimambo anotarisa mhuri dzese, matunhu, kana vanhu vechiShona zvachose. Kaguvi naNehanda, avo vakakurudzira Vashona kuti vabatane nekupandukira kukoroni vaive masvikiro emhondoro ane simba.

Vadzimu (kana mudzimu) ndivo madzitateguru emhuri dzakasarudzika, uye vanoramba vachiripo chero bedzi vaine vana vapenyu vekuvarangarira nekuvakudza. Mweya wemunhu achangobva mukufa hauite mudzimu kudzamara kurova guva mhemberero, inowanzoitwa gore rimwe chete mushure mekufa, apo hama dzinorarama dzinokoka mweya kuti udzokere kumhuri uye uvatarise semadzitateguru. Ivo vanofa vasina vana kana vadiki kwazvo havagone kuva vadzimu nekuti ivo havana vana chaivo. Panzvimbo iyoyo vanova mweya inodzungaira inonzi mashavi.

Yese mweya iyi inotaurirana nevanhu kuburikidza nemasvikiro emweya, anonzi svikiro. Svikiro rega rega rinogona kubatwa nemweya mumwechete, uye rinotora masimba nehukama hwemweya. Semuenzaniso, madzimambo echiShona vaigarotorwa semasvikiro ewa Mwari pachake.

Mwari

Mashona vanovimba kuti pakutanga paive naMwari, uye Mwari chete pachake. Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiMwari vane rudo, Mwari vane moyo munyoro, Mwari vakanaka uye Mwari vane rupo pakati pezvimwe zvinhu. Zvakanaka kuzivisana kuti Mashona vanoti Mwari havazi murume kana mukadzi, asi munguva ino yatirimo Mwari anotendwa kunge murume, achiwanzo kudanwa kuti Baba kana Baba vedu.

Pamusoro pezvo, Vashona vanotenda kuti Mwari ndiye musiki wezvinhu zvese, vachigara kumudana vachimuti Musikazvese (Chirungu: Creator of all) pakati pemamwe mazita avanomudeedza navo. Mamwe aMwari kubva kuMashona anonzi; Musiki; Musikavanhu, Nyadenga uye Tenzi.

|| Mazita aMwari ese:

• Mwari
• Musikavanhu / Musikamunhu
• Musikazvese
• Musiki
• Tenzi
• Baba
• Mambo
• Nyadenga

Chisi

Zuva reChisi (mazuvano): China (Chirungu: Thursday), asi rinogona kuitwa pazuva rinokwanisa nevanhu, vamwe vanoita Chisi musi weMugovera (Chirungu: Saturday).

Chisi izuva rimwe revhiki 'rezororo' kana sabata reMashona, vanhu havashande, kana kurima minda yavo. Hapana basa rinoitwa pamusi weChisi. Zuva rakatarwa muvhiki, mwedzi kana gore pane iro basa kunyanya muminda raisafanira kuitwa. Yakatumidzwa zvakare Mahakurimwe zvichireva kuti hapana basa muminda raifanira kuitwa pazuva iri.

Chinangwa cheChisi chaive kuti vanhu vakudze madzitateguru aivapa mvura nezvimwe zvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo chaive chemukati memagariro murau wenguva uye raive zuva rechezvekunamata nekuti vanhu vaitora nguva iyi kuti vakudze Mwari futi. Pazuva rechisi vanhu vaikwanisa kuita zvimwe zvinhu nemabasa avanga "vasina nguva" yekuita muvhiki. Kazhinji, yaive nguva yekuzorora, vanhu vaisa fanhira kushanda nenyaya, uye kunywangwe vanhu vaisa namata vaikwanisa kushandisa zuva iri kutonga nguva yavo kuti vaite zvinhu zvakaita se:

• Kugadzirisa imba (huswa hwedenga remba)
• Kutsvaira madzimba (musuwo unotsvairwa mazuva ese)
• Kuwacha nezvimwe wo
• Kuenda kunoona/kushanyira hama
• Kutandara nevamwe kana munhu aishanda mazuva ese
• Kuenda kunoona chirema/murapi
• Kuita svikiro

Nguva manejimendi haina kusiirwa kune vanhu. Chiremera chepakati chaive nevamwe vatauri pamusoro pekuti vanhu vangashandisa sei nguva. Sosaiti pane kuzvisarudzira zvakakosha. Izvi zvaifanirwa kurukwa muchitendero chevanhu kuti vanhu varemekedze mirairo yechisi.

Vadzimu

Vadzimu vane zvekuita nedzinza remhuri, (vakafa, varipo uye neveramangwana) dzaive mweya yemhuri. Muchinyakare Vashona vaisasvika kuna Mwari zvakananga vaishandisa Vadzimu wavo (madzitateguru akafa uye vanoenda kuna Mwari vakamiririra semweya). Vadzimu vaimwe mweya wakanaka. Minato pamuso pezvinhu zvavaida zvaibva kuna Vadzimu (madzitateguru), zvoenda kumweya yeMhondoro, zvozoenda kuna Mwari.

Mhondoro

Mweya dzeMonhoro dzaive mweya dzaive nehanya nekugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda yese. Dzaive mweya wedzinza kwete mhuri seVadzimu. Chisi chatsanangurwa pamusoro muchinyakare chaiitirwa mweya idzi (Vadzimu neMhondoro; uye naMwari futi). Chisi chakaenzana neSabata (asi hayisi yechiKristu ndeye Chivanhu).

Iye zvino vanhu vanonamata kuna Mwari zvakananga uye vanoita Chisi kuna Mwari futi.

Hupenyu neRufu

Nyikadzimu

Nyikadzimu yaitendwa neVashona kuti ndiyo nyika yaiendwa nemweya dzevanhu kana vafa. Izvi zvaiendera nemutendero wavo wekuti vanhu vese vano enderera mberi nehupenyu semweya kana vafa. Asi vaingoenderera semweya munyika inonzi Nyikadzimu.

Ngozi

Ngozi dzaive mweya dzinenge dzafa dzisina kururamisira, senge munhu anourayiwa nemumwe kana munhu akatsamiswa asi afa. Vanhu vanofa vasina rugare wozomukira utsive, mweya wavo wainzi ngozi, uye vaimwe nechinangwa chakashata kumunhu kana vanhu vainge vakatsamisa munhu wacho asati afa.

Hupenyu

Mashona vanotenda kuti Hupenyu chipo chinobva kuna Mwari, uye vaitenda kuti ndicho chinhu chakakokesha munhu chaanacho. Saka paitorwa hupenyu hwemunhu nguva yake isati yauya (kuurayiwa), munhu amuka semweya weutsive unonzi Ngozi.

Shave/Shavi

Shave kana Shavi kuVashona mweya wemunhu asiri wemhuri. Iwo mweya unofamba famba kana munhu asina kuvigwa zvakanaka. Saka zvino, mweya wacho unodzungaira kudzamara yawana svikiro kana inomiririra mairi yainozviratidza kuburikidza. Pamusoro pezvo Vashona vanotenda kuti chero ani zvake anopindwa neshavi anowana unyanzvi hweshavi paraive richiri mupenyu. Unyanzvi hawakaita se:

• Shavi rekuyimba
• Shavi rekutamba
• Shavi rekuvhima
• Kuvachiremba nezvimwe wo

Nekuti shavi rinogona kushata nekunaka shavi rakashata rinobudikidzwa sezviri pazasi:

• Shavi rekuroya
• Shavi rekuba
• Kurwara kusingatsanangurike
• Kufa
• Mamiriro ekunze ane hukama
• Mhirizhonga, kana kurwa

Vashona vanotenda futi kuti mweya wemukadzi une hutsinye kupfuura mweya hwemurume. Saka zvinoreva kuti shavi remunhukadzi rinenge rine hutsinye, kana kuti rinoomesa hupenyu hwemunhu warinenge rapindira kudarika remurume.

Ngano (mythology)

Kusikwa kwezvinhu

Mwedzi nachindeya Hweva.

Chindeya Hweva (Venus)

Mwedzi

Hweva naMwedzi

Hweva chindeya chinonzi venus muChirungu. Munyaya yekusikwa yeVashona Hweva naMwedzi ndivo "vanhu" vanotora center stage.

Pakutanga, Mwari akasika Mwedzi mudziva rakadzika rinowanzonzi Dzivaguru. Mwedzi akakumbira kugara pasi kwete kuva mumvura. Mwari ari Mwari ane nyasha, uye achida zvaakasika akabvumira kuti Mwedzi agare pasi. Nekudaro, paakangove pasi Mwedzi akasurukirwa, kunyangwe Mwari vakazviona izvi. Mwari pavakaona kusurukirwa kwaMwedzi, vakafunga zvakange zvisina kunaka kuti ave ari ega. Saka Mwari vakatora Hweva (nyenyedzi yekuseni) kubva mudenga vakamutumira pasi kunaMwedzi. Ipapo Hweva akazove mukadzi waMwedzi, asi Mwari vakayambira Mwedzi kuti mushure memakore maviri aifanira kuzomudzosera kudenga. Mwedzi akanzwisisa ndokubvuma. Saka iye naHweva vakagara vese makore maviri, uye panguva iyi Hweva akabereka zvese zvinomera zveRinopasi. Pasina nguva, makore maviri akasvika pakupera uye Mwedzi aifanhira kudzosa Hweva kudzokera kudenga. Mwedzi akazaze kuzviita, asi akadzosa mukadzi wake kudenga sezvaakange arairwa naMwari. Hweva paakange aenda Mwedzi akatanga kunzwa kusurukirwa zvekare, uyezve Mwari akanzwa kusuruvara nekuda kwake. Kusuruvara kwaMwedzi kwakakurudzira Mwari kuti vatore kubva mudenga nekutumira Vhenekeratsvimborume (nyenyedzi yemanheru) paRinopasi kuti ave naMwedzi. Uye zvakare zvakare Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti achamudzosera kudenga mushure memakore maviri. Mwedzi akabvuma, saka Vhenekeratsvimborume akagara naye. NaMwedzi Vhenekeratsvimborume akazvara, kutanga kuzvirimwa zvinomera zvipuka neshiri, uye akazvara futi vakomana nevasikana. Pakupedzisira, makore maviri akauya, uye Mwari akaudza Mwedzi kuti adzose Vheneka kudenga zvekare. Mwedzi akaramba. Pazuva rakatevera racho, Vheneka akazvara nyama dzinodya dzimwe; se shumba pamwe chete nezvinyavada nezvimwe wo zvikara.

Njuzu

File:Njuzu.jpg

Njuzu

Njuzu mweya wemvura unova nebasa rekufundisa N'anga. Dzainzi dzinopa vanhu "ruzivo" kana ruzivo rwemishonga kare kare.

Njuzu sechisiko chaMwari

• Vashona vanochengetedza kuti njuzu yakasikwa naMwari kungofanana nechimwe chisikwa. Zvinoenderana nekutenda uku Mwari vakasika njuzu pamwechete nezvimwe zvisikwa zvemumvura nevanhu pasi pano (vanhu varipanyika) uye izvo zvisikwa zviri pasi penyika (varipasi).

Midzimu yengoma yaibata dzimwe maZimbabweans akazoita njuzu mweya masvikiro. Mamwe emabasa emasvikiro emumvura kugadzira mvura uye kuunganidza madzishe uye nharaunda kuchengetedza zvakasikwa nharaunda. Masvikiro emvura (majukwa) aive asiri iwo chete inongotenderwa kugadzira-mvura asi kuchengetedza iyo nharaunda yese yakasikwa.

Nzanga neTsika

Kuroora

Kuroora Vakadzi vakawanda (Polygny)

Mabhenefiti eVarume

Mumagariro eVashona varume vaikwanisa kuroora vakadzi vakawanda. Hondo padzakange dzichiri dzakajairika, madzinza kana mapoka emadzinza akakunda hondo idzi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vaive nemugove wezviwanikwa pakati pevanhu wakanaka. Saka kuitira vane huwandu hwakakwana hwevashandi vekudzivirira ndima, zvaikurudzirwa nenzanga kuti varume vese vakakura kuti varoore vakadzi vakawanda sezvavaikwanisa nekuita vana vazhinji.

Kuvarume, kuroora vakadzi vakawanda zvakange zvakavanakira, nekuti zvaiita kuti mabasa ave nyore. Vadzimai nevana vasipihwa ndima dzavo dzemabasa adiwa kuitwa mumapurazi mashandiro akaita se:

• kurima
• kudyara,
• kusakura,
• kukohwa
• kutarisa zvipfuyo nezvimwe wo

Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakadai vanhu vairumbidza kuroora vakadzi vazhinji. Sezvo zvinowanzo kudhura kuva mumba ine vakadzi vakawanda, hupfumi hwemurume hwaiyerwa nenhamba yevakadzi yaaive nayo, saka murume aive nevakadzi vakawanda aitariswa semunhu akapfuma. Muchokwadi, vamwe vakadzi vaida kuva madzimai evarume vane vakadzi kavawanda nekuda kwekutenda kuti varume vakadaro vaive nepfuma yekuvachengeta vachifara.

Chimutsamapfihwa

• Kugara nhaka (kwevarume)

Kana murume akafirwa anokwanisa kuroora munin'ina wemukadzi wake akashaya kana kunyange muzukuru wemukadzi wake akashaya. Semuenzaniso, munin'ina wemukadzi mushakabvu anopihwa murume wake kuti amubatsire kuchengeta mhuri. Basa ra chimutsamapfihwa ndere kuona kuti anoenderera mberi nebasa nemabasa ehanzvadzi yake (kana hama) mumhuri.

Vana

Vana vaive vakakosha munyaya yesimba rezvematongerwo enyika. Kazhinji varume vane vana nevazukuru vazhinji vaiwanzo tora nzvimbo dzine simba kupfuura avo vasina. Madzinza uye dzimba dzaive zvidhinha zvekuvakisa nzira yekupinda munyaya yezvematongerwo enyika. Pamusoro pezvo, murume aitarisira wo kuvana vake uye nevazukuru vake kutsigirwa munguva yekurwara, uye makuriro enhamba yevana yaitaridza makuriro etarisiro yekuenderera kwerutsigiro.

Vamwe varume vakapinda muhuwandu mubatanidzwa vaidaro nekuda kwebonde yavaipihwa pakakokwa kondinendi panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa kwevakadzi. Zvakange zvisinga bvumidzwi kuti murume aite zvepabonde nemukadzi wake panguva yekuyamwisa. Uyezve, iyo nguva yekuyamwisa yaive yakareba, kusvika makore maviri kana matatu. Pakanga pasina mukaka wekugadzira wekuti mwana adye.

Mabhenefiti eVakadzi

Muenzaniso weVakadzi vachibatsira kuita basaMuridzi: Emile Antoine Bayard

Dzimwe nguva kuroora vakadzi vakawanda kwaishandiswa senzira yekudzivirira kurambana. Kana hukama huripo pakati pemurume nemukadzi wake wakaipa nekuda kwehusimbe hwemukadzi kana zvimwe zvikonzero, iye aigona kuchengetwa semukadzi kune imwe mhando yehunhu hwake senge runako, kana hupfumi hwake. Sezvo, mutemo wekupachirikadzi nhaka yaitungamira chikonzero chekuti varume varoore vakadzi vakawanda. Panofa munin'ina wemunhu, nzanga yaitarisira hama yasara kuti itarisire shirikadzi nevana vayo.

Vamwe vakadzi vakafunga kuti paive nezvimwe zvakanakira kupinda muuzhinji mubatanidzwa. Mukumba mukadzi aitarisirwa kutakura mutoro wese wepamba. Nekuda kweizvi, vamwe vakadzi vakaroorwa vakakurudzira varume vavo kuroora mamwe madzimai kuitira kuti vasava navo kutakura mutoro wese wepamba vari vega. Kazhinji vakadzi vaida kushamwaridzana futi. Mumagariro echinyakare zvaisave zvakakodzera kuti murume nemukadzi vagovane zvido zvakafanana uye zviitiko kana kuti ivo vanofanirwa kuve pamwechete kana kuita zvese pamwechete nguva dzese. Mumwe murume aitarisirwa kutsvaga shamwari nevamwe vake, uye mukadzi nevamwe vakadzi. Saka nekuda kwekufambidzana nevamwe vakadzi vakakurudzira varume vavo kuti vaunze mumwe mukadzi mumuwanano wavo. Uye, mutemo wenhaka yechirikadzi yaipa vamwe vakadzi mufaro, nekuti yaivavimbisa rugare, hupfumi nechengetedzo mushure mekufa kwemurume. Pamwe nekuda kweichi chidikanwi chemagariro uye kuchengetedzeka kwehupfumi dzimwe chirikadzi dzakakurudzira hama dzemurume wavo vapenyu kuti vapinde muhukama hwemukadzi wemurume navo.

Kuroora

Kuganha

• Kuzviisa muwanano

Kana mukadzi achizivisa murume waanoshuvira kuroora anotora mukana uyu, anosarudza murume ogona kumuroora. Nzira iyi yekuroora yakasiyana neinowanzo shandiswa yekuti murume anosarudza mukadzi. Pamusoro pezvo, murume anogona kuve asina mukadzi kana kunge akaroorwa. Pachivanhu izvi zvinogamuchirwa pabarika, apo mukadzi aikura uye aifanira kuroora. Kazhinji, varume vaisaramba chikumbiro uye vaitora vakadzi vacho. Pakutora vakadzi, vaibva vabhadhara mari yavo kumhuri yevakadzi kuti vapedzise muchato.

Kutema ugariri

• Kushandira mukadzi

Nzira iyi inotorwa kana murume asingakwanise kubhadhara roora kuburikidza nekubhadharwa kwemombe dzechivanhu. Kazhinji, nzira iyi inoshandiswa nemhuri dzine hurombo kana nherera. Kutema ugariri inzira yekuroora inobvumidza murume kuroora nekushandira vabereki vemukadzi pakupera kwebasa rake, anobva azokwanisa kutora mudzimai wake. Sarudzo yekutema ugariri inopa nhengo dzakatambura imwe nzira yekuroora kana vasingakwanise kubhadhara kuburikidza netsika yekushandisa mombe.

Kuzvarira

• Kupikisa mwana kunemunhu

Mukuzvarira zvinoreva kuti vabereki vanopa mwanasikana wavo kuenda kunoroorwa nemunhu akapfuma kana akapfuma kudarika ivo:

• Mukutsinhana nemombe,
• Chikafu
• kana chero zvimwe zvakakosha.

Iyi fomu yemuchato inotangwa nemhuri kana iri pasi pekushushikana kwemari kana kushaya hupfumi. Pakupa mwanasikana wavo kumhuri yakapfuma, ndiyo nzira yekubaira munhu kuti awane mikana iri nani uye kubvisa kushushikana kwemari mukati memba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kuzvarira kunoonekwa sedanho rekupedzisira. Iyi fomu ye roora haina kuitwa zvekupokana. Zvaiwanzosangana uye kutaurirana pamusoro pemhuri mwana asati avimbiswa kumhuri yekwatezvara.

Kutizira

• Kusiya imba uchienda kumba kwemukomana nekuda kwekuva nenhumbu
• Kana musikana achirambidza kuva nemukomana anogona kutizira

Kutizira itsika yakajairika yemuchato iyo ichiri kuitwa pakati pesangano reVashona. Iyi fomu yemuchato inoitika kana mukadzi abata nhumbu roora isati yabhadharwa kumhuri yake. Pakati pesangano reVashona, musikana asina kuroorwa ane pamuviri haatarisirwe kugara pamba pababa vake. Vashona vaizozvidza mukadzi akazvitakura, asina kuroorwa nekuzvidza uye anoudzwa kuti agare nababa vemwana wake. Nekuda kweizvozvo, munharaunda yemazuva ano, mukadzi ane nhumbu anofanira kuzvimanikidza pamurume ane chekuita kana kutotsvaga mumwe murume anoda kuve nepamuviri, kana mhuri ikatambira vakadzi sevasina kuroorwa uye vane nhumbu.

Kukumbira

• Muchato nekutaurirana

Mukukumbira kana vanhu vanoda kuroorana vafunga kuroora, mhuri dzese dzinoziviswa uye dzinotanga kutaurirana nerubatsiro rwemurevereri. Iyi ndiyo nzira yepamutemo inobvumidza iyo agency yemukadzi, uye mvumo yevabereki vake. Iyi nzira inoita kuti vabereki vechikomba vabhadhare mari yavo vakamirira mhuri yemwenga muchato usati wanzi uri pamutemo. Ichi chimiro chemuchato icho chichiri kuitwa pakati petsika dzechiShona dzazvino. Inoonekwa senzira inogamuchirwa yekuroora.

Kudanana

• Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vacharoorana nekuda kwekuva murudo.

Mazuvano vanhu vanodanana (kana kufambidzana) muchihwande uye vanozivisa hukama hwavo kana vaakugadzirira kuroora.