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Qisqa davrli kometalar roʻyxati

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Davriy kometalar (qisqa davrli kometalar deb ham ataladi) – orbital davrlari 200 yildan kam boʻlgan yoki bir perigeliyadan koʻproq oʻtish paytida kuzatilgan kometalardir[1] (masalan , 153P/Ikeya-Chjan). „Davriy kometa“ baʼzan davriy orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa maʼnosida ham ishlatiladi, hatto davri 200 yildan ortiq boʻlsa ham.

Davriy kometalar, odatda, ikkinchi perigeliyani oʻtishdan keyin doimiy raqam prefiksini oladi, shuning uchun P/2005 T5 (Broughton) kabi bir qator raqamlanmagan davriy kometalar mavjud. Bir perigeliyani oʻtganidan keyin kuzatilmaydigan yoki yoʻqolgan deb taxmin qilingan kometalarga D belgisi beriladi, shuningdek davriy raqam berilgan va keyinchalik yoʻqolgan kometalar ham 3D kabi [n]P oʻrniga [n]D beriladi, 3D/Biela yoki 5D/Brorsen kabi.

Deyarli barcha holatlarda kometalar oʻzlarining kashfiyotchilari sharafiga nomlanadi, biroq 2P/Encke va 27P/Crommelin kabi baʼzi hollarda ular orbitalarini hisoblab chiqqan qurilma (orbita kompyuterlari) nomiga atalgan. Kometalarning uzoq muddatli orbitalarini hisoblash qiyin, chunki maʼlum boʻlgan traektoriyadagi xatolar sayyoralardan tebranishlar bilan toʻplanadi, elektron kompyuterlardan oldingi davrlarda baʼzi olimlar butun hayotlarini shunga bagʻishlashgan. Shunga qaramay, juda koʻp kometalar yoʻqolgan, chunki ularning orbitalari tortishish kuchidan tashqari boshqa unsurlardan ham taʼsirlangan, masalan, gaz va kometa dumini hosil qiluvchi boshqa moddalarning chiqishi.

Davriy kometalar baʼzan bir xil nom bilan atalgan (masalan, toʻqqizta Shoemaker-Levi kometasi yoki yigirma toʻrtta NEAT kometasi); XAI tizimi ularni raqam prefiksi yoki toʻliq belgilash orqali ajratadi (masalan, 181P va 192P/Shoemaker–Levy ikkalasi ham „Kometa Shoemaker–Levy“). Adabiyotda davriy kometalarga norasmiy raqamlash tizimi qoʻllanadi (davriy boʻlmaganlarni oʻtkazib yuboradi), shuning uchun 181P va 192P mos ravishda Shoemaker-Levy 6 va Comet Shoemaker-Levy 1 deb nomlanadi. Davriy boʻlmagan Shoemaker-Levy kometalari quyidagi ketma-ketlikda qoʻyilgan: C/1991 B1 2 va 3 orasida, C/1991 T2 5 va 6 orasida, C/1993 K1 va C/1994 E2Shoemaker-Levy 9 dan keyin.

Kometa nomenklaturasida „ /“ dan oldingi harf „C“ (davriy boʻlmagan kometa), „P“ (davriy kometa), „D“ (yoʻqolgan yoki parchalangan kometa), „X“ (aniq orbitasini hisoblab boʻlmaydigan kometa – odatda tarixiy kometa) lar qoʻllanadi. „I“ yoki „A“ yulduzlararo obyekt yoki notoʻgʻri kometa sifatida aniqlangan, lekin aslida kichik sayyora boʻlgan ob’ekt uchun ishlatiladi[1], yoki giperbolik orbitadagi kometalar faolligini koʻrsatmaydigan obyekt uchun ham shu harflardan foydalaniladi[2]. Baʼzi roʻyxatlarda „C“ prefiksi kometalarning qaytishi tasdiqlanmaguncha taxminan 30 yildan kattaroq davrlar uchun saqlanadi[3].

Yupiter oilasiga mansub raqamsiz kometalari roʻyxati

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Yupiter oilasi kometalari rasman 2 < T Yupiter < 3 bilan aniqlangan boʻlsa-da, ular 20 yildan kamroq muddatga ega boʻlgan, nisbatan past moyillik va Yupiternikiga toʻgʻri keladigan orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa sifatida ham erkin taʼriflanishi mumkin. Bu kometalar koʻpincha yaxshi kuzatilmayadi, chunki sayyora bilan orbital oʻzaro taʼsir koʻpincha kometalarning orbitalarini bezovta qiladi, bu esa ularni osmonda kutilgan holatda topilmasligiga va keyinchalik yoʻqolishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, ularning past kotarali albedolari va Oort bulutiga nisbatan Quyoshga tez-tez yaqinliklari kometalar ularning uchuvchi moddalarni tezroq yoʻq boʻlishiga olib keladi, bu ularni uzoqroq orbital davrlarga ega boʻlgan kometalarga qaraganda nisbatan xiraroq koʻrinishiga olib keladi.

Kometa belgisi Nomi Eksantriklik Katta yarim oʻq (AU) Orbital davr (yil) Nishab (°) Perigeliy (AU) Mutlaq kattalik Oxirgi perigeliysi Keyingi kuzatilmagan perigeliy
X/1979 O3 Kowal 0.33 3.09 5.44 1.75 2.07 15.8 1979/07/26 1985
X/1981 R1 Stattmayer 0.26 2.45 3.84 11.00 1.28 13.4 1981/08/18 1986
3200 Phaeton IRAS 0.88990215 1.271205253 1.43 22.245786 0.13995697 14.6 2020/12/07 2022/05/15
X/1991 G1 Meyer 0.44 2.41 3.73 5.96 1.36 18.7 1991/04/11 1995
P/2012 T2 PANSTARRS 0.159 5.735 13.73 12.562 4.823 10.2 2013/04/10 2026/12/31
P/2012 T3 PANSTARRS 0.602 5.990 14.66 9.51 2.39 14.8 2012/04/15 2026/12/24
P/2012 U2 PANSTARRS 0.50657 7.3522 19.94 10.5345 3.6278 12.1 2012/12/04 2032/11/12
P/2013 A2 Scotti 0.45584 4.0014 8 3.3661 2.17739 16 2021/02/07 2029/02/24
P/2013 G1 Kowalski 0.51237 6.8765 18.03 5.46867 3.353099 10.3 2013/12/10 2031/12/21
P/2013 G4 PANSTARRS 0.4104 4.432 9.33 5.926 2.6132 15.1 2013/02/09 2022/06/09
P/2013 J2 McNaught 0.656146 6.24634 15.61 15.49553 2.147828 10.8 2013/08/22 2029/04/02
P/2013 N5 PANSTARRS 0.7319 6.801 17.74 23.2425 1.82305 14.7 2013/07/02 2031/03/29
P/2013 O2 PANSTARRS 0.43894 3.82491 7.48 13.30706 2.1401 13.1 2021/06/09 2028/10/13
P/2013 R3 Catalina-PANSTARRS 0.27345 3.03293 5.28 0.89893 2.20358 6.4 2013/08/05 2018/11/15
P/2013 R3-A Catalina-PANSTARRS 0.2733 3.0327 5.28 0.898 2.2038 2013/08/05 2018/11/15
P/2013 R3-B Catalina-PANSTARRS 0.2733 3.0327 5.28 0.8996 2.2038 2013/08/05 2018/11/15
P/2013 T1 PANSTARRS 0.6233 5.867 14.21 24.21 2.2105 16.6 2013/07/31 2027/10/16
P/2013 T2 Schwartz 0.52849 3.3926 6.25 9.3521 1.59962 14.4 2013/06/20 2020/09/19
P/2013 W1 PANSTARRS 0.59388 3.4857 6.51 4.69951 1.415614 16.5 2014/03/08 2020/09/11
P/2014 A2 Hill 0.64983 5.9248 14.42 24.5135 2.07468 13.4 2013/10/28 2027/03/30
P/2014 A3 PANSTARRS 0.242 4.6796 10.12 13.6706 3.547 12.5 2013/04/18 2023/06/01
P/2014 C1 TOTAS 0.446 3.043 5.31 2.6796 1.6857 15.6 2013/12/18 2019/04/10
P/2014 E1 Larson 0.423184 3.71198 7.15 15.97916 2.141133 14.5 2021/07/16 2028/10/02
P/2014 L2 NEOWISE 0.646763 6.32589 15.91 5.18441 2.234541 8.6 2014/07/15 2030/06/15
P/2014 M4 PANSTARRS 0.59557 5.8139 14.02 3.34519 2.3513 13.1 2014/12/27 2029/01/02
P/2014 R5 Lemmon-PANSTARRS 0.4128 4.0634 8.19 1.0881 2.3859 13.1 2014/06/17 2022/08/25
P/2014 U4 PANSTARRS 0.4711 3.4853 6.51 6.4571 1.8434 15.4 2014/08/03 2020/02/05
P/2014 V1 PANSTARRS 0.4 4 8 23 2.6 13.4 2014/12/18 2023
P/2014 W4 PANSTARRS 0.35312 6.5877 16.91 15.2738 4.26150 6.1 2015/12/29 2032/11/26
P/2015 C1 TOTAS-Gibbs 0.56256 6.6126 17.00 13.8774 2.89264 12.8 2015/05/01 2032/05/01
C/2015 D1 SOHO 0.9943 4.9 11 69.62 0.02832 14.7 2015/02/19 2026
P/2015 D6 Lemmon-PANSTARRS 0.3696 7.239 19.48 20.1839 4.5637 11.0 2015/07/13 2035/01/03
P/2015 F1 PANSTARRS 0.27825 3.52142 6.61 2.80440 2.54160 12.2 2021/10/22 2028/06/15
P/2015 J3 NEOWISE 0.55404 3.3503 6.13 8.1252 3.3503 15.9 2021/04/19 2027/05/21
P/2015 K5 PANSTARRS 0.5540 6.694 17.32 39.987 2.9861 13.7 2015/06/06 2032/09/30
P/2015 M2 PANSTARRS 0.17896 7.2017 19.33 3.9741 5.9128 8.2 2015/08/31 2024/12/29
P/2015 P4 PANSTARRS 0.58424 6.0736 14.97 8.71375 2.52516 6.5 2016/01/19 2031/01/08
C/2015 R1 PANSTARRS 0.63286 5.8982 14.32 22.6683 2.16545 13.4 2015/06/25 2030/01/04
P/2015 R2 PANSTARRS 0.440 4.36 9.1 14.8 2.44 15.8 2015/06/19 2021/07/29
P/2015 T3 PANSTARRS 0.43 3.9 7.7 12.2 2.21 15.0 2015/03/12 2023
P/2015 W2 Catalina 0.63411 7.3200 19.80 11.6113 2.67834 13.7 2015/09/30 2035/07/19
P/2015 X1 PANSTARRS 0.42039 3.6292 6.91 12.1622 2.10355 16.3 2015/10/10 2022/09/07
P/2015 X3 PANSTARRS 0.4382 5.024 11.26 24.38 2.822 14.5 2015/08/07 2026/11/09
P/2015 X6 PANSTARRS 0.1700 2.756 4.57 4.5583 2.2873 16.1 2016/03/18 2020/07/08
P/2016 A2 Christensen 0.274 4.75 10.34 26.8 3.45 12.1 2015/06/16 2025/10/19
P/2016 A7 PANSTARRS 0.56662 5.0225 11.26 16.6374 2.17665 7.3 2016/02/25 2027/05/31
P/2016 G1 PANSTARRS 0.21003 2.58322 4.15 10.9685 2.04068 14.7 2017/01/26 2021/03/21
P/2016 J1-A PANSTARRS 0.228265 3.17209 5.65 14.33019 2.44801 16.5 2016/06/24 2022/02/16
P/2016 J1-B PANSTARRS 0.228231 3.17201 5.65 14.3312 2.44806 16.8 2016/06/24 2022/02/16
P/2016 J3 STEREO 0.8803526 3.902604 7.71 25.32992 0.467 13.3 2016/05/21 2024/02/05
P/2016 R4 Gibbs 0.47506 5.3350 12.32 10.8621 2.80052 13.1 2016/07/20 2028/11/13
P/2017 B4 PANSTARRS 0.360 4.37 9.1 19.9 2.80 14.6 2017/01/21 2026/05/06
P/2017 D1 Fuls 0.44033 4.80244 10.52 20.7326 2.688 13.4 2016/06/28 2027/01/06
P/2017 K3 Gasparovic 0.58125 5.574272 13.16 4.27872 2.3342 14.6 2017/05/31 2030/07/29
P/2017 R1 PANSTARRS 0.195005 4.1325 8.40 2.57265 3.32669 13.9 2017/04/07 2025/09/01
P/2017 S8 PANSTARRS 0.393696 2.77621 4.63 29.85994 1.68322 14.8 2018/01/28 2022/09/13
P/2017 S9 PANSTARRS 0.30457 3.15659 5.61 14.1380 2.19518 16.8 2017/07/23 2023/03/03
P/2017 U3 PANSTARRS 0.0997 4.936 10.97 15.909 4.444 11.1 2019/04/22 2030/04/09
P/2018 A4 PANSTARRS 0.7818 10.974 36.35 3.1423 2.395 6.9 2018/05/19 2054
P/2018 A5 PANSTARRS 0.5230 5.648 13.42 23.577 2.694 13.9 2017/09/23 2031
P/2018 C1 Lemmon-Read 0.5345 5.577 13.17 5.1350 2.596 13.9 2018/02/24 2031
P/2018 H2 PANSTARRS 0.5398 4.405 9.25 7.389 2.027 15.4 2018/01/23 2027
P/2018 L1 PANSTARRS 0.4822 3.642 6.95 10.588 1.886 14.6 2018/11/12 2025
P/2018 L4 PANSTARRS 0.6598 4.928 10.94 26.619 1.676 8.9 2018/07/31 2029
P/2018 L5 Leonard 0.363355 3.61815 6.88 2.209 2.3035 6.8 2018/05/04 2025
P/2018 P3 PANSTARRS 0.4168 3.01577 5.24 8.91257 1.759 17.8 2018/10/08 2024
P/2018 P4 PANSTARRS 0.449 6.656 17.17 23.108 3.6664 12.1 2018/11/06 2036
C/2018 P5 PANSTARRS 0.6405 12.72968 45.42 7.2568 4.576 6.5 2019/02/26 2064
P/2018 V5 Trujillo-Sheppard 0.475 8.961 26.83 10.58 4.71 8.5 2018/10/03 2045
P/2018 Y2 Africano 0.4791 7.4765 20.44 11.687 3.8946 11 2019/01/02 2039
P/2019 A1 PANSTARRS 0.5689 5.1307 11.62 13.744 2.2117 13.7 2018/10/11 2030
P/2019 A2 ATLAS 0.3820 5.7331 13.73 14.856 3.543 10.8 2018/11/21 2032
P/2019 A3 PANSTARRS 0.2648 3.1471 5.58 15.366 2.3134 14.9 2018/08/01 2024
P/2019 A4 PANSTARRS 0.0896 2.6135 4.23 13.3190 2.3794 15.4 2018/12/05 2023
P/2019 A6 Lemmon – PANSTARRS 0.6392 5.3725 12.45 33.2283 1.9385 14.5 2018/08/29 2031
P/2019 A8 PANSTARRS 0.4387 3.3544 6.14 2.9667 1.8828 13.6 2018/09/02 2024
P/2019 B2 Groeller 0.3729 3.8534 7.56 16.8287 2.4165 6.6 2019/06/08 2026
P/2019 F2 ATLAS 0.8651 16.5508 67.33 19.1874 2.2328 6.2 2019/09/08 2086
P/2019 M2 ATLAS 0.6485 3.026 5.26 12.2820 1.0634 21.2 2019/06/22 2024
P/2019 S2 PANSTARRS 0.2067 4.733 10.30 10.4730 3.7553 13.1 2019/02/20 2029
P/2019 S3 PANSTARRS 0.4706 3.413 6.31 8.692 1.8067 17.9 2019/08/26 2025
P/2019 T6 PANSTARRS 0.6235 5.454 12.74 18.7574 2.0534 15.7 2019/11/08 2032
P/2019 U4 PANSTARRS 0.4752 3.520 6.60 11.6923 1.8471 18.6 2019/09/18 2026
P/2019 W1 PANSTARRS 0.2660 4.550 9.71 23.4619 3.3399 13.2 2019/05/07 2029
P/2019 X1 Pruyne 0.3026 6.174 15.34 10.2465 4.3055 10.3 2019/07/20 2034
P/2019 X2 PANSTARRS 0.4993 3.643 6.95 15.8816 1.8241 18.1 2019/12/09 2026
P/2019 Y3 Catalina 0.6956 2.996 5.19 24.634 0.91196 19.2 2019/12/13 2025
P/2020 G1 Pimentel 0.8596 3.603 6.84 18.4727 0.5058 18.7 2020/03/17 2027
P/2020 K9 Lemmon-PANSTARRS 0.3221 4.204 8.62 23.2026 2.8495 12.3 2021/02/12 2029
P/2020 M1 PANSTARRS 0.4770 5.087 11.47 8.6328 2.6609 10.1 2019/12/21 2031
P/2020 O1 Lemmon-PANSTARRS 0.1199 2.647 4.31 5.2235 2.3284 15.9 2020/05/03 2024
P/2020 O3 PANSTARRS 0.1061 4.662 10.07 8.4428 4.1674 12.3 2021/01/26 2031
P/2020 Q2 PANSTARRS 0.5055 10.923 36.10 5.4018 3.3100 10.9 2020/02/07 2056
P/2020 R5 PANSTARRS 0.3145 4.9788 11.11 11.4543 3.4130 7.5 2020/05/28 2031
P/2020 S1 PANSTARRS 0.5072 59.811 14.63 13.7349 2.9473 17.5 2021/01/16 2038
P/2020 S5 PANSTARRS 0.3383 4.0482 8.15 12.3542 2.6787 14.7 2020/08/08 2028
P/2020 S6 Leonard 0.4790 3.599 6.83 15.4597 1.8748 9.0 2020/11/23 2027
P/2020 S7 PANSTARRS 0.4106 5.0238 11.26 16.0922 2.9610 14.6 2020/11/18 2032
P/2020 T3 PANSTARRS 0.5915 3.5168 6.60 7.296 1.4366 13.2 2021/01/20 2027
P/2020 U2 PANSTARRS 0.5105 3.777 7.34 6.421 1.849 9.2 2020/12/25 2028
P/2020 W1 Rankin 0.2649 7.193 19.29 10.792 5.288 10.4 2020/04/04 2039
P/2020 X1 ATLAS 0.3641 4.5186 9.61 31.6672 2.873 12.5 2020/07/21 2030
P/2020 X2 ATLAS 0.7663 16.3789 66.29 18.1917 3.829 10.5 2020/11/15 2087
P/2021 A5 PANSTARRS 0.1398 3.047 5.32 18.188 2.6209 15.0 2020/11/11 2026
P/2021 L2 Leonard 0.5218 4.053 8.16 21.069 1.939 15.8 2021/07/24 2029
P/2021 L4 PANSTARRS 0.1187 3.165 5.63 16.962 2.789 13.8 2019/09/04 2025
P/2021 N1 ZTF 0.6768 2.977 5.84 11.506 0.962 17.8 2021/06/06 2026
P/2021 N2 Fuls 0.4524 6.933 18.26 13.063 3.797 8.6 2021/11/13 2039
P/2021 P3 PANSTARRS 0.3405 4.4216 9.298 27.156 2.916 4.9 2021/05/31 2030
P/2021 Q5 ATLAS 0.6242 3.285 5.955 10.734 1.235 15.8 2021/08/30 2027
P/2021 R3 PANSTARRS 0.3319 3.7804 7.35 19.933 2.526 18.2 2021/05/27 2028
P/2021 R4 Wierzchos 0.5862 5.6204 13.32 21.040 2.326 16.3 2021/10/13 2034
P/2021 R5 Rankin 0.3076 4.7987 10.51 7.852 3.323 7.3 2022/01/11 2032
P/2021 R6 Groeller 0.5932 6.274 15.716 34.926 2.552 14.9 2021/10/31 2037
P/2021 U3 Attard-Maury 0.5500 4.193 8.587 69.966 1.887 16.8 2021/10/24 2030
P/2021 V3 PANSTARRS 0.2522 4.560 9.738 3.690 3.410 7.7 2012/11/24 2022

Manbalar

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 „Cometary Designation System“. Minor Planet Center. Qaraldi: 8-iyun 2022-yil.
  2. ↑ „MPEC 2018-H54 : 2. A/ Objects“. Minor Planet Center.
  3. ↑ „Comet names and designations“. 
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