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South Tibet (Chinese: Zàngnán 藏南) refers to a geographic area that is the focus of dispute between India and China. The area, located on India's northern frontier, is claimed by both China and India.[1]
Dispute
This is a long-standing unresolved border dispute. India currently administers the area that is known in India as Arunachal Pradesh. Arunachal Pradesh is in the northeast part of the India. It is bordered on the north by the Tibet Autonomous Region (formerly Tibet) and on the east by Myanmar.[2] Currently China is renewing its claims to this area and recently denied a visa to an Arunachal Pradesh official, aggravating the antagonism between the two countries.[1] The basis of the denial was that the official was already a citizen of China as he was a citizen of Arunachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh belongs to China.[3]
The borderline was originally negotiated between Tibet and Great Britain at the Simla Conference in March of 1914. The border determined at that time is known as the McMahon Line. As well as Arunachal Pradesh, the disputed border includes a section delineating a barren plateau in Ladakh called Aksai Chin claimed by India as part of Jammu and Kashmir but never thoroughly surveyed. The disputed frontier stretches from Bhutan to Myanmar (formerly Burma), and follows the ridge of the Himalayas.[4] China's claim is that it was not a party to the Simla Conference nor to the treaty between India and Tibet and therefore the treaty is “illegal and invalid”.[5] China further alleges the tready was secretly amended and the border changed one month later.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). Currently Tibet is a providence of China known as the Tibet Autonomous Region.
Description
South Tibet includes the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon, formed by the middle reaches of the Yarlung Tsangpo River in the south of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It stretches 1200 kilometres from Mainling in the east to Saga (Tibetan: sa dga’ rdzong ས་དགའ་རྫོང་; Chinese: Sàgā Xiàn 萨嘎县) in the west, and some 300 kilometres from the Himalaya range in the south to the Gangdisê (Kangrinboqê) and Nyainqêntanglha massifs in the north. The bottom of the valley ascends from an altitude of 2800 metres in the east to 4500 metres in the west.[dubious – discuss] The Gangdisê and Nyainqêntanglha mountain ranges (sometimes referred to as "Trans-Himalaya") separate South Tibet from North Tibet (Chinese: Zàngběi 藏北).[6][7][8][9][10]
South Tibet includes the following geologically important areas: the Tibetan Plateau, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the Tarim Basin, the Taklamakan Desert, Lop Nur and the Turfan Depression.
Politically, South Tibet comprises the Autonomous regions of China divisions of Xigazê, Shannan and Nyingchi.[11][dubious – discuss] All or parts of these areas are disputed areas claimed by three parties: the Peoples Republic of China, the Government of Tibet in Exile, and the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.[dubious – discuss]
In the south-east, part of South Tibet is claimed by China, but controlled by India. China views these areas as parts of the counties Mêdog and Zayü in Nyingchi, parts of Cona and the south of Lhünzê in Shannan. This is the area south of the McMahon Line, which is not recognised by China as an international border. This part of South Tibet roughly corresponds to what India refers to as Arunachal Pradesh.[12][13][verification needed]
See also
References
- ^ a b "India and China on parade". Asia Times. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Arunachal Pradesh Territorial Dispute between India and China". www.american.edu. 2005. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "Chinese Chequers Don't Simply Hope For The Best, Match Beijing Move For Move". Tibetan Parliamentary & Policy Research Centre. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-26.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ "border dispute (in India: Foreign policy)". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|month=(help) - ^ "China: Why Scholars Are Revisiting The Tibet-India Border fixed by the British-Tibet Treaty (1914) ?". South Asia Analysis Group. 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Yang Qinye, Zheng Du (2004). Tibetan Geography. China Interncontinental Press. p. 30. ISBN 7-5085-0665-0.
- ^ Zheng Du, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Shaohong: Mountain Geoecology and Sustainable Development of the Tibetan Plateau (Kluwer 2000), ISBN 0-7923-6688-3, p. 312;
- ^ Zàngnán 藏南 (South Tibet) territorial definition on a website of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Template:Zh icon;
- ^ China's Tibet - Facts and Figures: Topography (New Star Publishers / China Tibet Information Center);
- ^ South Tibet Valley (China Tibet Information Center).
- ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/zhuanti/tibet%20facts/163846.htm
- ^ China-India Border: Eastern Sector (tripway.com.cn)
- ^ Màixiàn yǐnán wèixīngtú 麦线以南卫星图 Satellite Map of the areas south of the McMahon Line (Chinese National Geography) Template:Zh icon.
External links
- Tibet Facts and Figures 2005
- Knitting women in south Tibet
- Position of the Lhasa block, South Tibet, during the late Cretaceous
- South Tibet economy expanding
