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San Francisco International Airport

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37°36′52″N 122°23′29″W / 37.614433°N 122.39132°W / 37.614433; -122.39132

San Francisco International Airport
File:Sfologo.75.svg
Summary
Airport typePublic
OwnerSan Francisco Airport Commission
ServesSan Francisco
Elevation AMSL13 ft / 4 m
Coordinates37°37′08″N 122°22′30″W / 37.61889°N 122.37500°W / 37.61889; -122.37500
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
10L/28R 11,870 3,618 Asphalt
10R/28L 10,602 3,231 Asphalt
1R/19L 8,648 2,636 Asphalt
1L/19R 7,500 2,286 Asphalt
FAA diagram of SFO
"SFO" redirects here. For other uses, see SFO (disambiguation).
For the television series, see San Francisco International Airport (TV series).

San Francisco International Airport (IATA: SFO, ICAO: KSFO, FAA LID: SFO) is a major international airport located 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco, California, United States, adjacent to the cities of Millbrae and San Bruno in unincorporated San Mateo County. The airport has flights to destinations throughout the Americas and is a major gateway to Europe, Asia, and Australasia-Oceania.

San Francisco is the largest airport in the San Francisco Bay Area, and is the second busiest airport in the state of California after Los Angeles International Airport. As of 2005, San Francisco International Airport is the fourteenth largest in the United States[1] and the twenty-third largest airport in the world,[2] in terms of passengers. It is a major hub of United Airlines and the sole hub of Virgin America. [3]

The airport enjoys a connection to an adjacent freeway, U.S. Route 101, as well as having its own Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) station adjoining one of its terminals. Interstate 380 intersects Highway 101 north of the airport, providing further connections to the region.

SFO has numerous passenger amenities, including a wide range of food and drink establishments, shopping, baggage storage, public showers, a medical clinic, and assistance for lost or stranded travelers and military personnel. The airport hosts the Louis A. Turpen Aviation Museum, the San Francisco Airport Commission Aviation Library, and both permanent and temporary art exhibitions in several places in the terminals. Public Wi-Fi is available throughout most of the terminal area, provided by T-Mobile for a fee.[4]

History

The airport was first opened on May 7, 1927 on 150 acres (607,000 m²) of cow pasture. The land was leased from prominent local landowner Ogden L. Mills, (who in turn had leased it from his grandfather Darius O. Mills) and was named Mills Field Municipal Airport. It remained Mills Field until 1931, when it was renamed San Francisco Municipal Airport. "Municipal" was replaced by "International" in 1955.

The U.S. Weather Bureau began keeping weather observations at Mills Field in May 1927. The weather records have continued under the National Weather Service, which maintained the Bay Area forecast office in the airport's control tower building until forecasting was moved to Redwood City. Although not the official weather observation site for San Francisco (with the official site existing in Duboce Park in San Francisco's Mission District), data from SFO's automated weather station often appears as belonging to "San Francisco" in media sources outside of the Bay Area.

Starting in 1935, Pan American World Airways used the facility as the terminal for its "China Clipper" flying boat service across the Pacific Ocean. Domestic flights did not begin en masse, however, until World War II, when Oakland International Airport was taken over by the military and its passenger flights were shifted to San Francisco.[5]

After the war, United Airlines took up residence at SFO, using the Pan Am terminal for its flights to Hawaii and other U.S. cities. In 1954, the airport's Central Passenger Terminal opened for passenger service.[6] Jet service to SFO began in the late 1950s: United built a large maintenance facility at San Francisco for its new Douglas DC-8s. In July 1959 the first jetway bridge was installed in the United States. In 1974, a new terminal was built for domestic flights, and the CPT became an international terminal (known today as Terminal 2).

Operations, expansion, retreat and recovery

In 1989, an airport master plan and associated Environmental Impact Report was prepared to guide expansion and development over the next two decades.[7] During the economic boom of the 1990s and the dot-com boom, SFO became the sixth busiest international airport in the world. However, since 2001, when the economic boom times ended, SFO has fallen back out of the top twenty.[2]

SFO has expanded continuously through the decades. Most recently, a new $1 billion international terminal opened in December 2000, replacing Terminal 2 as the international terminal.[6] This new terminal contains a world-class aviation library and museum.[8] A long-planned extension of the Bay Area Rapid Transit system to the airport opened on June 22, 2003, allowing passengers to board trains directly at the airport's international terminal bound for San Francisco or points in the East Bay.[9] BART trains also offer a quick trip to the nearby Millbrae Station, where passengers can board Caltrain commuter rail trains bound for San Jose and the Peninsula and SamTrans bus service bound for the Peninsula. In 2003, the AirTrain shuttle system opened, conveying passengers between terminals, parking lots, the BART station, and the rental car center on small automatic trains.

 
San Francisco International Airport at night

It is not uncommon for SFO to experience significant delays in adverse weather, when only one of the airport's four runways can be used a time, due to a lateral separation of only 750 feet between runways. Airport planners have floated proposals to extend the airport's runways further into San Francisco Bay in order to accommodate the next generation of super-jumbo aircraft. In order to expand further into the bay, the airport would be required by law to restore bay land elsewhere in the Bay Area to offset the fill. Such proposals have nevertheless met resistance with environmental groups, fearing damage to the habitat of animals living near the airport and bay water quality.

As such, SFO suffers from loss of service as many airlines, especially as low-cost carriers such as ATA Airlines increasingly shift service to the other two major Bay Area airports at Oakland and San Jose, which continue to expand for the time being. However, SFO has superior land connections compared to Oakland and San Jose, being directly connected to U.S. Route 101, Interstate 380, and the BART system.

However, recovery at SFO has been evident. Spirit Airlines began daily service to Detroit on May 25, 2006. In addition, Qantas began service from Sydney in March 2006, and began service to Vancouver on June 14, 2006. United Airlines reinstated non-stop service to Seoul and Taipei on June 7 2007.[10] In addition, SFO has become the base of operations for start-up airline, Virgin America.

During the beginning of the summer season in 2006, low-cost carrier Frontier Airlines began operating flights to Los Angeles adding on to its existing service to Denver, Following the additional service to Los Angeles. Frontier began operating flights between SFO and Las Vegas on December 14, 2006. These flights, however, ended on July 10.

On January 9, 2007, JetBlue Airways announced they will begin five non-stop flights to New York's JFK and Boston's Logan airports starting May 3.[11] On February 9, 2007, Southwest Airlines announced their plans to resume serving San Francisco International Airport in the early fall of 2007,[12] after having pulled out of the airport in May 2001 citing high costs and delays. Irish airline Aer Lingus announced commencing service to Dublin, Ireland beginning October 28 2007 following the passage of the open skies treaty.

A global warming study unveiled in February 2007 revealed that much of SFO would be under water with only a one-meter rise in sea levels.[13]

In April 2007, SFO announced plans to introduce a registered traveler program that would allow travelers to speed through the TSA security checkpoint in about 30 seconds.[14]

Baggage and passenger screening is operated by Covenant Aviation Security, a TSA contractor, nicknamed "Team SFO."

Film history

Aircraft noise abatement

 
San Francisco International Airport in the last rays of an April day

SFO was one of the first airports to implement a Fly Quiet Program which grades individual air carriers on their performance on noise abatement procedures while flying in and out of SFO. The Jon C. Long Fly Quiet Program is an initiative implemented by the Aircraft Noise Abatement Office to encourage individual airlines to operate as quietly as possible at SFO. The program promotes a participatory approach in complying with the noise abatement procedures.

SFO was also one of the first U.S. airports to conduct a residential sound abatement retrofitting program. Established by the FAA in the early 1980s, this program evaluated the cost effectiveness of reducing interior sound levels for homes in the vicinity of the airport, or more particularly homes within the 65 CNEL noise contour surface. The program made use of a noise computer model to predict improvement in specific residential interiors for a variety of different noise control strategies. This pilot program was conducted for a neighborhood in the city of South San Francisco, and success was achieved in all of the homes analyzed. The construction costs turned out to be modest, and the post-construction interior sound level tests confirmed the model predictions for noise abatement. To date over $137 million has been spent to insulate in excess of 15,000 homes throughout the neighboring cities of Daly City, Pacifica, San Bruno, and South San Francisco.[15]

See also: Noise mitigation § Aircraft noise abatement, and Aircraft noise

Terminals, airlines and destinations

The airport is composed of four terminals, in which two (Terminals 1 and 3) are domestic, one is international, and the fourth (Terminal 2) is under renovation. Within the framework of the terminals, the airport is split into seven concourses, in which four (Boarding Areas B, C, E, and F) are domestic, two (Boarding Areas A and G) are international, and one (Boarding Area D) is unused. Originally named the South, Central, and North Terminals, the domestic terminals were renamed Terminals 1, 2, and 3, respectively, after the new international terminal opened.

Note: Flights to and from Canada depart from and arrive in the domestic terminals, because they clear U.S. Customs at their Canadian originating airports through a border preclearance arrangement. JetBlue Airways, Spirit Airlines, and Virgin America depart from International Terminal Boarding Area A and use Baggage Claim 12.

Terminal 1

File:SFO Terminal 1.png
Terminal 1

Formerly known as the South Terminal, Terminal 1 consists of Boarding Area B and Boarding Area C.

Boarding Area B (Gates 20-36)

Note: All Alaska Airlines domestic and Canadian flights depart and arrive at Terminal 1 Boarding Area B and all Alaska Airlines Mexican flights depart and arrive at International Terminal Boarding Area A.

Boarding Area C (Gates 40-48)

 
Interior of Boarding Area C

Note: All Northwest Airlines domestic flights depart from Terminal 1 Boarding Area C and all Northwest international flights depart and arrive at International Terminal Boarding Area A.

Terminal 2

Formerly known as the Central Terminal, in 1974 it became known as the International Terminal. Terminal 2 consists of Boarding Area D, which formerly included gates 50-59. However, when the current international terminal opened in 2000, Terminal 2 was closed; it is currently undergoing indefinite renovation and serves as a walkway between Terminal 1 and Terminal 3. The terminal will replace Rotunda A once renovation is complete. The SFO Medical Clinic is located on the Arrivals/Baggage Claim level (lower level).

Boarding Area D

Closed pending renovation or reconstruction - circular lounges are in the process of being demolished in late 2006 and early 2007

When renovations are complete, Virgin America will likely move to Boarding Area D.[2]

Terminal 3

 
Terminal 3

Formerly known as the North Terminal, Terminal 3 is made up of Boarding Area E and Boarding Area F. This terminal is utilized by United Airlines, Midwest Airlines and American Airlines, chiefly by United.

Boarding Area E (Gates 60-67) - American Airlines

Boarding Area F (Gates 68-90) - United Airlines

Note: All United Airlines domestic and Canadian flights depart from Terminal 3 Boarding Area F and all United international flights depart and arrive at International Terminal Boarding Area G.

  • United Airlines (Anchorage [seasonal], Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore/Washington, Boise, Boston, Burbank, Chicago-O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Honolulu, Houston-Intercontinental, Kahului, Kona, Lihue, Los Angeles, New York-JFK, Newark, Orange County, Orlando, Philadelphia, Portland (OR), Reno/Tahoe, Salt Lake City, San Antonio [begins September 11], San Diego, Seattle/Tacoma, Toronto-Pearson, Vail/Eagle [seasonal], Vancouver, Washington-Dulles)
    • Ted operated by United Airlines (Las Vegas, Phoenix)
    • United Express operated by SkyWest (Albuquerque, Aspen [seasonal], Bakersfield, Billings [seasonal], Boise, Bozeman [seasonal], Burbank, Calgary, Chico, Colorado Springs, Crescent City, Edmonton, Eugene, Eureka, Fresno, Medford, Modesto, Monterey, Ontario, Orange County, Palmdale, Palm Springs, Redding, Redmond/Bend, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio [ends September 10], San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Tucson)

International Terminal

 
International Terminal
 
Exterior view of the International Terminal

SFO's international terminal, which opened in December 2000, is the largest international terminal in North America, and is the largest building in the world built on base isolators to protect against earthquakes.[16] It replaced Terminal 2, which served as SFO's international terminal until 2000. The boarding areas have two levels, with shops and restaurants on the upper level and departure lounges on the lower level. Instead of the customary fast-food chains found at many other airports across the country, all restaurants in the International Terminal are leading restaurants in the Bay Area that have opened up fast-food versions of their establishments. SFO planners attempted to make the airport a destination in and of itself, not just for travelers that are passing through.[17] The international terminal is a common use facility, with all gates and all ticketing areas shared among the international airliners.

The airport BART station is also located in this terminal, at the garage leading to Boarding Area G.

All the gates in this terminal have two jetway bridges for use by Boeing 747 aircraft, which are frequent visitors to the terminal, as it is a major transpacific gateway. Six of these gates are specifically designed for the Airbus A380, making SFO one of the first airports in the world with such gates when it was constructed in 2000.[18]

For lack of space, the terminal was constructed on top of the airport's main access road at enormous expense; the advantage of this location was that it completed a continuous "ring" of terminals around the airport's main loading/unloading loop. The disadvantage was that the terminal required its own elaborate set of ramps to connect it with Highway 101.

The design and construction of the international terminal is owed to Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, Del Campo & Maru Architects, Michael Willis Associates (main terminal building), Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum (Boarding Area G) & Gerson/Overstreet Architects (Boarding Area A).[16] The contracts were awarded after an architectural design competition.

Despite the terminal's name, JetBlue Airways, Spirit Airlines, and Virgin America serve domestic destinations using this terminal, in Boarding Area A. When there are no gates available in one international boarding area, airlines will deplane from the other international boarding area. All domestic arrivals at the International Terminal use Baggage Claim 12, which is separate from other baggage claims due to United States Customs clearance for international passengers.

Boarding Area A (Gates A1-A12)

(south side, opposite Boarding Area G, next to Boarding Area B)

Boarding Area G (Gates G91-G102)

(north side, opposite Boarding Area A, next to Boarding Area F. All international Star Alliance members' flights use Boarding Area G.

  • Air China (Beijing)
  • Air New Zealand (Auckland, Melbourne)
  • All Nippon Airways (Tokyo-Narita)
  • EVA Air (Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan)
  • Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Munich)
  • Singapore Airlines (Hong Kong, Seoul-Incheon, Singapore)
  • United Airlines (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Beijing, Cancun, Frankfurt, Guangzhou [begins 2008/pending govt approval], Ho Chi Minh City [ends October 28], Hong Kong, London-Heathrow, Mexico City, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Sydney, Taipei-Taiwan Taoyuan, Tokyo-Narita)

Accessibility

AirTrain

Main article: AirTrain (SFO)

AirTrain is the airport's people-mover system that opened in 2003. Fully automated, it connects all four terminals, the two international terminal garages, and the airport rental car center a mile away. Previously, a system of shuttle buses connected the main airport terminals to the rental car center.

Rail

Main article: San Francisco International Airport (BART station)

On June 22 2003, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) opened an extension from the then-existing Colma station to the airport. The San Francisco International Airport station, located in Parking Garage G in the International Terminal, is the only direct rail link between the airport and San Francisco and the general Bay Area. The station is served by the Dublin/Pleasanton - SFO/Millbrae Line. Tickets from the airport range from $1.50 (to Millbrae) to $5.15 (downtown San Francisco), and more for the East Bay. BART also serves as a connection to Caltrain, via a short hop from the airport to Millbrae Station. Tickets from the airport to Millbrae costs $1.50.

Bus

The San Francisco Municipal Railway (Muni, San Francisco's transit agency) does not provide service to the airport. However, SamTrans, San Mateo County's transit agency, does, with three lines (292, 397, and KX) connecting Terminal 2, Terminal 3, and the International Terminal to San Francisco and the Peninsula down to Palo Alto.

Numerous door-to-door van, airporter, limousine, hotel courtesy, and charter operators service the airport. Taxis, along with the aforementioned services, stop at the center island transportation island on the arrivals/baggage claim level of the airport.

Car

The airport is located on U.S. Highway 101, 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown San Francisco. It is near the US 101 interchange with Interstate 380, a short freeway that connects US 101 with Interstate 280.

The airport provides both short-term and long-term parking facilities.

BART passengers can park long-term at all stations south of Daly City BART Station (except the SFO BART station itself), and various East Bay BART stations as well, but a permit must be purchased in advance from the BART website.

Aircraft incidents

On December 24 1964, Flying Tiger Line Flight 282, a cargo aircraft departing for New York City, crashed in the hills west of the airport, killing all 3 crewmembers aboard.[19]

On July 30 1971, Pan Am Flight 845, a Boeing 747 (registration: N747PA, name: Clipper America), struck navigational aids at the end of runway 1R on takeoff for Tokyo. The aircraft's landing gear was damaged, and the flight proceeded out over the Pacific Ocean to dump fuel in order to reduce weight for an emergency landing. Emergency services were deployed at the airport, and the plane returned and landed on runway 28R, using only the landing gear on one side of the aircraft. As the gear partially collapsed, the aircraft skidded into the dirt area next to the runway and came to a stop, but there was no fire. The aircraft was successfully evacuated using emergency slides. There were no fatalities among the 218 passengers and crew aboard, but there were a number of injuries, some serious. An investigation determined the cause of the accident to be erroneous information from the flight dispatcher to the crew regarding weight and runway length.[20]

On February 19, 1985, China Airlines Flight 006, en route from Taipei to Los Angeles, lost power over the Pacific in one of its four engines. The pilots of the Boeing 747SP aircraft failed to trim the plane to counteract the asymmetric thrust condition, despite having several minutes to do so. The aircraft eventually rolled over and dived a total 30,000 feet before being brought under control and diverted to SFO.

On June 28, 1998, United Airlines Flight 863 cleared nearby San Bruno Mountain by only 100 feet after a pilot erred in correcting for a failed engine during takeoff. [21]

One of the flights during the September 11, 2001 attacks, United Airlines Flight 93, was bound for SFO.

On May 26, 2007 SkyWest Airlines flight 5741, an Embraer 120, was involved in a serious runway incursion with Republic Airlines flight 4912, an Embraer 170, on intersecting runways at San Francisco.[22]

On July 19, 2007, the dead body of a man was discovered in the nose wheelwell of United Airlines Flight 858, a Boeing 747-400 jet that had arrived from Shanghai.[23]

Trivia

  • Airlines that serve SFO lobbied heavily against extending the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway system into the airport complex. They preferred a lower cost alternative which would have placed the BART station approximately one mile away from the airport, but would have connected both BART and Caltrain to the airport via a westward extension of the AirTrain people-mover system.
  • Super short-haul routes, such as SFO-OAK (11 miles (18 km)) and SFO-SJC (31 miles (50 km)), were once served by United Airlines.
  • At 88 feet, SFO has one of the shortest control towers of any major hub airport in the United States.[citation needed]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ North America's largest airports by number of passengers. Retrieved on August 7 2006.
  2. ^ a b World's largest airports by number of passengers. Retrieved on August 7 2006.
  3. ^ "Tentative Approval to Fly". Virgin America. Retrieved March 20. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Wi-Fi available in all areas of SFO. Retrieved on August 7 2006.
  5. ^ History of Oakland International Airport. Retrieved on August 17, 2006.
  6. ^ a b Unveiling of the new International Terminal. From the San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved on August 7, 2006.
  7. ^ Environmental Impact Report for the San Francisco International Airport Master Plan, Earth Metrics Inc. and Jefferson Associates, prepared for the city of San Fracisco and California State Clearinghouse (1989)
  8. ^ San Francisco Airport Museum. Retrieved on August 7, 2006.
  9. ^ BART to SFO service begins. From the San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved on August 7, 2006.
  10. ^ United Airlines Boosts Asia-Pacific Service. Retrieved on [[August 7],] 2006.
  11. ^ JetBlue announces SFO flights Retrieved on February 9, 2007
  12. ^ Southwest Airlines announces intent to resume service at SFO. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
  13. ^ http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/02/18/MNG6SO72DJ1.DTL
  14. ^ http://www.examiner.com/a-669843~Speedy_entry_coming_to_SFO.html
  15. ^ Residential Sound Insulation Program. Retrieved on August 7 2006.
  16. ^ a b International Terminal Fact Sheet. Retrieved on August 22 2006.
  17. ^ "Terminal gastronomy". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved October 7. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help); Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Armstrong, David. "Super-size skies / SFO says it's ready for a 555-person plane arriving in 2006." San Francisco Chronicle. July 15, 2004. Retrieved on September 12, 2006.
  19. ^ NTSB report on FTL 282. From the NTSB. Retrieved on August 9 2006.
  20. ^ Airdisaster.com PDF report on PAA 845. From the NTSB. Retrieved on August 9 2006.
  21. ^ Post Gazette report. Retrieved on April 17 2007.
  22. ^ NTSB report
  23. ^ [1]

{{commons|San Francisco International Airport

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