A science project is an educational activity for students in one of the science disciplines involving experiments or construction of models. Some times students present their science project in a science fair, so they may also call it a science fair project. Science projects may be classified in 4 main types.
Experimental projects
Experimental projects also known as investigatory projects start with a question, use the scientific method to complete the research and end by a report detailing the results and conclusions.
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Display projects
Display projects involve the construction of a model in order to show a visual representation of a larger fact. Making a model of solar system, a house or making a model of a simple electric circuit are considered display projects. You will not perform any test with the model you make in a display.
Theoretical projects
Theoretical projects may involve the same format as experimental or engineering projects. However, for several possible reasons such as lack of feasibility of experimentation due to costs, an actual experiment is not performed.