Primitivism is a philosophy advocating a return to a pre-industrial and usually pre-agricultural society. It is usually considered to be an anarchist philosophy and sometimes goes by the name of Green anarchy.
Primitivism believes that industrial society inevitably produces oppressive structures through specialization of tasks or division of labor, and that technology has similar negative implications. Some forms of primitivism question civilization itself.
The primitivist movement has connections to radical environmentalism.
Primitivism has been notably advocated by John Zerzan, and to some extent by Theodore Kaczynski (the Unabomber).