Chapultepec ("Grasshopper Hill" in the Nahuatl language) is a large hill on the outskirts of central Mexico City with much significance in Mexican history.
The last Emperor of the Toltecs, Huemac was said to have spent his last days in a cave at Chapultepec after the fall of Tula.
In the days when Tenochtitlan was the island capital of the Aztecs, the city was linked to Chapultepec by a causeway and the hill was a retreat for the Emperors. A sculpture of Moctezuma I can still be seen (in unfortunately damaged condition) carved into the rock of Chapultepec, not far from Huemac's cave.
During the Spanish colonial era, the Viceroys of New Spain had their palace atop Chapultepec.
After Mexico won its independence, the old viceregal palace was turned into a military accademy in 1833. During the Mexican American War a group of young teenaged cadets fought to their deaths against the invading United States Army here; they are remembered as the "Boy Heros" of Mexico. (see: Battle of Chapultepec)
When the French troops of Napoleon III imposed a monarchy on Mexico in the 1860s, Emperor Maximilian of Mexico and Empress Carlota of Mexico set up their palace atop Chapultepec.
Chapultepec is at one end of the city's grandest avenue, Paseo de la Reforma. The lower part of the hill is a popular park, with the National Museum of Anthropology & History nearby. The Castle atop the hill is a history museum.