Codex Montfortianus designated by 61 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 603 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts),[1] and known as Minuscule 61 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on paper. Erasmus named it Codex Britannicus. Its completion is dated on the basis of its textual affinities to no earlier than the second decade of the 16th century,[2] though a 15th-century date is possible on palaeographic grounds.[3] The manuscript is famous for including a unique version of the Comma Johanneum. It has marginalia.
| New Testament manuscript | |
.jpg?lang=en) Comma Johanneum | |
| Name | Codex Montfortianus |
|---|---|
| Text | New Testament |
| Date | c. 1520 |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Trinity College, Dublin |
| Size | 15.8 cm by 12 cm |
| Type | mixed, Byzantine text-type (Gospels, Acts) |
| Category | III, V |
| Note | marginalia |
Description
edit
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book), containing the entire text of the New Testament. The text is written in one column per page, 21 lines per page, on 455 paper leaves (15.8 cm by 12 cm).[4]
The text is divided according to the chapters (known as κεφαλαια / kephalaia), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their titles (known as τιτλοι / titloi) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, with references to the Eusebian Canons.[5]
It contains prolegomena, the tables of contents (also known as κεφαλαια) before each book, and subscriptions at the end of each book, with numbers of lines in each gospel (known as στιχοι / stichoi). The titles of the books were written in red ink.[5]
The order of books are as follows: Gospels, Pauline epistles, Acts, General epistles (James, Jude, 1-2 Peter, 1-3 John), and the Book of Revelation.[5] The order of General epistles is the same as in Minuscule 326.
Text
editThe Greek text of the Gospels and Acts of this codex is considered a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Biblical scholar Kurt Aland placed it in Category V of his New Testament manuscripts classification system. In the Pauline epistles and General epistles its text is mixed, and Aland placed it in Category III.[6] In the Book of Revelation its text belongs to the Byzantine text-type but with a large number of unique textual variants, in a close relationship to Uncial 046, and Minuscule 69.[7] In the Gospels it is close to the manuscripts 56, 58, and in the Acts and Epistles to 326. Marginal readings in the first hand of Revelation are clearly derived from the 1516 edition of Erasmus.[2] It was not examined by the Claremont Profile Method.[8]
In 1 John 5:6 it has textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος καὶ πνεύματος ἁγίου (through water and blood and the Holy Spirit) together with the manuscripts: 39, 326, 1837.[9][n 1] Bart D. Ehrman identified this reading as an Orthodox corrupt reading.[10]
It contains a late-Vulgate-based version of the Comma Johanneum as an integral part of the text. An engraved facsimile of the relevant page can be seen in Thomas Hartwell Horne, An Introduction to the Critical Study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures (London: Cadell and Davies, 1818), vol. 2.2, p. 118.
History
editIt was the first Greek manuscript discovered to contain any version of the Comma Johanneum in 1 John chapter 5. It was copied from an earlier manuscript that did not have the Comma. The Comma was translated from the Latin.[11] Its earliest known owner was Froy, a Franciscan friar, then Thomas Clement (1569), then William Chark (1582), then Thomas Montfort (from whom it derives its present name), then Archbishop Ussher, who caused the collation to be made which appears in Walton's Polyglott (Matthew 1:1; Acts 22:29; Romans 1), and presented the manuscript to Trinity College.[3][12]
Erasmus cited this manuscript Codex Britannicus as his source for his (slightly modified) Comma in his third edition of Novum Testamentum (1522).[3] Despite this being a commonly accepted fact in modern scholarship, some people in the past such as Thomas Burgess (1756 – 19 February 1837) have disputed the identification of Erasmus' "Codex Britannicus" as the same manuscript as the Codex Montfortianus, instead proposing that it is a now lost Greek manuscript.[13][14]
It was described by Wettstein[15] and Orlando Dobbin. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1883.[5]
The codex now is located at Trinity College (Ms. 30) in Dublin.[4]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ For other variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John.
References
edit- ^ Gregory, Caspar René (1908). Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. p. 50.
- ^ a b McDonald, Grantley (2011). Raising the Ghost of Arius: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma and Religious Difference in Early Modern Europe. Brussels: Leiden University doctoral dissertation. pp. 282, 319.
- ^ a b c Scrivener, Frederick Henry Ambrose (1894). A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament. Vol. 1. Edward Miller (4 ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. p. 200.
- ^ a b Kurt Aland, M. Welte, B. Köster, K. Junack, Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 1994, p. 50.
- ^ a b c d Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testamentes. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Hinrichs. pp. 142–143.
- ^ Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ^ Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration, (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 86.
- ^ Wisse, Frederik (1982). The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence, as Applied to the Continuous Greek Text of the Gospel of Luke. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 54. ISBN 0-8028-1918-4.
- ^ UBS3, p. 823.
- ^ Bart D. Ehrman, The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1993, p. 60.
- ^ Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration, (Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 88, 147.
- ^ S. P. Tregelles, "An Introduction to the Critical study and Knowledge of the Holy Scriptures", London 1856, p. 213-14.
- ^ Burgess, Thomas; Beynon, Thomas (1829). A letter to the Reverend Thomas Beynon, Archdeacon of Cardigan : in reply to A vindication of the literary character of Professor Porson by Crito Cantabrigiensis ; and in further proof of the authenticity of 1 John, v. 7. Saint Mary's College of California. Salisbury : Brodie and Dowding.
- ^ Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005) [1964]. "Chapter 3. THE PRECRITICAL PERIOD. The Origin and Dominance of the Textus Receptus". The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (4th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 146. ISBN 9780195161229.
- ^ Wettstein, J. J. (1751). Novum Testamentum Graecum editionis receptae cum lectionibus variantibus codicum manuscripts. Amsterdam: Ex Officina Dommeriana. p. 52.
Further reading
edit- Dobbin, Orlando T. (1854). The Codex Montfortianus: A Collation of this Celebrated Ms. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, Throughout the Gospels and Acts, with the Greek Text of Wetstein, and with Certain Mss. in the University of Oxford. London: Samuel Bagster and Sons.
- T.K. Abbott (1891). "Note on the Codex Montfortianus". Hermathena. XVII: 203.
- Grantley McDonald, Biblical Criticism in Early Modern Europe: Erasmus, the Johannine Comma, and Trinitarian Debate (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016)
External links
edit- R. Waltz, Codex Montfortianus at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism (2007)
- Digital images of the manuscript online at Trinity College Dublin.