Dokkum

Dokkum is a Dutch fortified city in the municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân in the province of Friesland. It has 12,669 inhabitants (February 8, 2020). The fortifications of Dokkum are well preserved and are known as the bolwerken (bulwarks). It is the fifth most popular shopping city in Friesland. It also had the smallest hospital in the Netherlands.

Dokkum
City
, the city hall
Flag Coat of arms
Dokkum
Coordinates: 53°19′37″N 5°59′53″E
Country	Netherlands
Province	Friesland
Municipality	Noardeast-Fryslân
Government
• Mayor	Johannes Kramer (FNP)
Population
• Total	12,669
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode	9100–9103
Area code	0519

Topographic map of Dokkum, June 2014

Historical population 1718–2018

History

The best-known event in Dokkum's history is the martyrdom of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Saint Boniface in 754. Oliver of Cologne preached the Fifth Crusade in Dokkum in 1214 and Dokkum sent a contingent; the crescent in the coat of arms of Dokkum refers to this event. Dokkum acquired city rights in 1298. In 1572 Dokkum was sacked by the Spaniards after it had joined the Dutch Revolt. In 1597, the Admiralty of Friesland was established in Dokkum. However, it was moved to Harlingen in 1645. In 1971 the city was included in the list of Dutch 'Urban and village conservation areas'.

In 1923, when Catholics in the Netherlands were not allowed to engage in public expressions of faith such as processions, a processional park was built south-east of the city center, the Boniface park. Central in the park is the so-called Brouwersbron, the brewers' well, which Titus Brandsma and others (incorrectly) identified as the well that sprang up after the saint's martyrdom. A chapel dedicated to Boniface was built in 1934. Brandsma, a Carmelite priest who was murdered by the Nazis in Dachau in 1942, also designed the park's Stations of the Cross, which were finished in 1949.

Before 2019, the city was part of the Dongeradeel municipality.

Architecture

City hall

The city hall in Dokkum was built in 1610.

Churches

• Grote of Sint-Martinuskerk which is from the 16th century.
• Sint-Bonifatiuskerk from 1871.
• Bonifatiuskapel is from 1934

Transport

Dokkum had a station (Dokkum-Aalsum) on the North Friesland Railway, which opened in 1901. It became the terminus for passenger services in May 1935 and closed to passengers in July 1936. The station reopened to passengers in May 1940 and closed to passengers in July 1942. Freight services ceased in 1975. There is still a bus station in Dokkum.

Urban development

The latest neighbourhood is called the 'Trije Terpen'. At the Trije Terpen is also the newest shopping area of Dokkum called, Zuiderschans. Other construction works in other parts of the city are also taking place, such as the Lyceumpark, the Fonteinslanden, the Veiling and the Hogedijken.

In the future the industrial park, Betterwird, will expand even more to the west. It's an industrial park with more than 70 companies. In 2013, the construction of the Central Axis began. This is a road with a fast connection and few obstacles between Dokkum and Drachten. The road was delivered in 2016.

Population

The population of Dokkum increased by 5,378 people between 1960 and 2013. In recent years, the population has fluctuated around 12,500 inhabitants.

Population

Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1511	1,400	—
1689	3,177	+0.46%
1744	2,855	−0.19%
1795	2,682	−0.12%
1960	7,247	+0.60%
1965	8,440	+3.09%
1970	9,886	+3.21%
1975	10,927	+2.02%
1980	11,704	+1.38%
1995	12,510	+0.44%
2000	12,800	+0.46%
2010	12,490	−0.24%
2014	12,615	+0.25%
2015	12,583	−0.25%
2016	12,516	−0.53%
2017	12,575	+0.47%
Source: Lourens & Lucassen 1997, pp. 11–12 (1511–1795), CBS Statline

Sport

In the 200 km ice skating marathon known as the Elfstedentocht, Dokkum is known as the keerpunt (turning-point in Dutch), because it is where the speedskaters turn and head back to Leeuwarden. There are two different soccer clubs in Dokkum, VV Dokkum and Be Quick Dokkum.

Windmills

In 1652, Dokkum had five windmills, these were all post mills. Dokkum has two windmills, cap mills, that are preserved and both of them are open to the public by appointment. They are named Zeldenrust and De Hoop. A third mill, De Marmeerin stood by the Woudvaart outside the town. Since 2014 the mill was moved to be restored to working order. After restoration it is to be rebuilt at De sûkerei open-air museum in Damwâld.

• 
  Zeldenrust
• 
  De Hoop
• 
  Zeldenrust
• 
  house next to mill Zeldenrust

Gallery

• 
  Inner harbour
• 
  View to a street
• 
  City's center around De Zijl, Dokkumer Grootdiep flowing underneath
• 
  Old townhouse in the city centre
• 
  Statue of Saint Boniface near Saint Boniface Chapel
• 
  Numerous footbridges in the centre
• 
  Wharf of the former Frisian Admiralty
• 
  Saint Boniface Church (1871) in the centre of Dokkum
• 
  Grote of Sint-Martinus Church (Dokkum)

Notable Dokkumers

Dokkum was the residence of the pioneering midwife Catharina Geertruida Schrader (1656–1746) for much of her career. Other famous Dokkumers include:

• Gemma Frisius (1508-1555), scientist
• Lieuwe van Aitzema (1600-1669), prominent diplomat and historian
• Ulrik Huber (1636-1694), lawyer
• Rein Jan Hoekstra (1941), lawyer, member of the Council of State of the Netherlands
• Jan Posthuma (1963), 1996 volleyball Olympic gold medalist
• Sipke Jan Bousema (1976), TV-presenter
• Theo Pijper (1980), international speedway rider
• Saint Boniface (672-754) Exeter, Dokkum
• Dirk Rafaelsz Camphuysen (1586-1627) Gorinchem, Dokkum
• Catharina Geertruida Schrader (1656-1746) Bentheim, Dokkum
• Focko Ukena (1370 – 1435), East Frisian chieftain (hoveling), conquered Dokkum

Mayors

• Albert Jonker (1878- 1954)
• Sybren van Tuinen (1913-1993)

See also

• Zuider Ee

References

Literature

• Lourens, Piet; Lucassen, Jan (1997). Inwonertallen van Nederlandse steden ca. 1300–1800. Amsterdam: NEHA. ISBN 9057420082.