Prince George Maximilianovich Romanowsky, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg (29 February 1852 – 16 May 1912), also known as Prince Georgii Romanovsky or Georges de Beauharnais, was the youngest son of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.[1]
| George Maximilianovich de Beauharnais | |
|---|---|
| Prince Romanovsky | |
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| Duke of Leuchtenberg | |
| Reign | 31 August 1901 – 16 May 1912 |
| Predecessor | Eugen Maximilianovich, 5th Duke of Leuchtenberg |
| Successor | Alexander Georgievich |
| Born | 29 February 1852 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire |
| Died | 16 May 1912 (aged 60) Paris, France |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Alexander Georgievich, 7th Duke of Leuchtenberg Sergei Georgievich, 8th Duke of Leuchtenberg Princess Elena Georgievna, Countess Tyszkiewicz |
| House | Beauharnais |
| Father | Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg |
| Mother | Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia |
Family and early life
editGeorge's father Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg had traveled to St. Petersburg, eventually winning the hand of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, Nicholas I's eldest daughter in 1839. Maximilian was subsequently bestowed with the style Imperial Highness.[2] As the son of a Russian grand duchess and an ennobled Russian prince Romanowsky, George and his siblings were treated as princes and princesses of the blood, bearing the styles Imperial Highness.[3][4]
After their father's death in 1852, Grand Duchess Maria morganatically remarried to Count Grigori Stroganov two years later.[5] As this union was kept secret from her father Emperor Nicholas I (and her brother Emperor Alexander II could not permit the union, preferring instead to feign ignorance), Maria was forced into exile abroad.[5] Alexander felt sympathy for his sister, however, and paid special attention to her children from her first marriage, who lived in St. Petersburg without their mother.[5]
Marriage
editMarriage to Therese
editOn 12 May 1879, George married Duchess Therese Petrovna of Oldenburg,[1] a daughter of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg and Princess Therese of Nassau-Weilburg. Therese's elder brother Duke Alexander Petrovich had been married to George's sister Princess Eugenia Maximilianovna since 1868. Therese's grandfather had married Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I of Russia, and their descendants had been raised in Russia ever since and become completely "Russianized", much like George's own family.[4] Thus, despite her German title, Duchess Therese, like her father before her, had grown up entirely in Russia.[6][7] She was always considered a part of the Russian imperial family.[7]
George and Theresa had one son:
- Alexander Georgievich, 7th Duke of Leuchtenberg (13 November 1881 - 26 September 1942); morganatically married Nadezhda Caralli.[1]
In July 1881, the British Reserve Squadron held entertainments on board HMS Hercules, which was stationed in Cronstadt.[8] The luncheon was attended by Therese and her husband, as well as the Emperor and Empress and other important royal Russian and German figures.[8] Two years later, on 19 April 1883, tragedy struck the couple when Duchess Therese died in St. Petersburg.[1]
Marriage to Anastasia
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Two Montenegrin princesses, Milica and Anastasia, were educated at the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg under the immediate protection of Empress Maria Feodorovna.[9] They remained at the convent for a year after their educations were complete, and made themselves extremely popular by enjoying themselves in society.[9] Both girls soon caught the eye of two members of the Russian imperial family: Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich, and George himself.[9]
On 16 April 1889 at Sergeyevsko Estate, George married Princess Anastasia of Montenegro, six years after Therese's death.[1] Emperor Alexander III gave Anastasia a grand trousseau, as well as a considerable dowry.[9]
They had two children:
- Sergei Georgievich, 8th Duke of Leuchtenberg (4 July 1890 – 7 January 1974); died unmarried[1]
- Princess Elena Georgievna of Leuchtenberg (3 January 1892 – 6 February 1971); married Count Stefan Tyszkiewicz.[1]
The family owned a small estate near the Black Sea, where they spent the winter.[10] While staying there in 1905, they witnessed the battleship Potemkin revolt.[10] In the spring, the family stayed at their Peterhof residence the Villa Sergievskaia Datcha for the entire following summer.[10]
When still married to his second wife, George moved in with his French mistress, to the great anger of the morally rigid Emperor Alexander III.[11] When told that George was spending his vacations at the coastal town of Biarritz in south-western France, Alexander declared "So the prince is washing his filthy body in the waves of the ocean".[11]
Their marriage was considered "tempestuous and stormy," with George reportedly "insult[ing] and outrag[ing] her from the very first day of their marriage".[12][13] Anastasia was able to obtain a divorce from him several years into their marriage, on 15 November 1906.[12] Various sources attribute George to have been good-looking but a "stupid and rather sorry individual", although these reports were most often in connection with his second wife, who, when arranging her divorce from George, was widely reported to want to do so because she could no longer live with a man of "intolerable stupidity".[14][15] Anastasia later remarried to Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia, a grandson of Nicholas I of Russia[16] (and on his mother's side a nephew of George's first wife Theresa). She and her sister became famous in Russian society as the "black peril" so called because of their home country of Montenegro, their dark complexions and their interest in the occult.[16]
Later years
editIn 1901, through either the deaths or morganatic marriages of his elder brothers, George became the head of the Russian branch of the House of Beauharnais.[14] At the turn of the twentieth century, when still married to Princess Anastasia of Montenegro, George was considered as a possible successor to the childless Alexander I of Serbia.[17] Alexander was overthrown and murdered in a military coup, and succeeded by Peter I of Serbia.
George inherited a large collection of paintings, sculptures, and other works of art from his father, who had brought them with him when he moved from Munich to St. Petersburg to marry Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.[18] He was buried in tomb #29 of the Grand Ducal Mausoleum in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg.
Legacy
editGeorge was the only one of his brothers to make a legitimate dynastic union. As both of his sons failed to produce legitimate issue, the Bavarian title Duke of Leuchtenberg went extinct in 1974.
George appears as a character in The White Night of St. Petersburg, written by a relative, Prince Michael of Greece and Denmark.
Honours
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He received the following decorations and awards:[19]
- Russian orders and decorations
Knight of St. Andrew, 1852
Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky, 1852
Knight of the White Eagle, 1852
Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class, 1852
Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class, 23 June 1865
Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class, 1897; 3rd Class, 1908
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- Foreign orders and decorations
Knight of the Annunciation, 1902 (Kingdom of Italy)[20]
Knight of the Seraphim, 20 June 1876 (Sweden-Norway)[21]
Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown, 14 February 1879 (Grand Duchy of Oldenburg)
Knight of St. Hubert, 1879 (Kingdom of Bavaria)[22]
Grand Cross of the Württemberg Crown, 1872 (Kingdom of Württemberg)[23]
Ancestry
edit| Ancestors of George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg |
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References
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- ^ a b c d e f g Lundy, Darryl. "The Peerage: Georgi Maksimilianovich von Leuchtenberg, 6th Duc de Leuchtenberg". Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ "The Czar's New Brother-In-Law", The Washington Post, 6 April 1901
- ^ Radziwill, Catherine (1915). Memories of Forty Years. London: Funk & Wagnalls Company. p. 235.
- ^ a b "Russia and Bulgaria", The Manchester Guardian, 7 September 1886
- ^ a b c Radzinsky, Edvard (2005). Alexander II, The Last Great Tsar. New York: Free Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0-7432-7332-9.
- ^ "Princess A Philanthropist", The Washington Post, 13 February 1907
- ^ a b "Duke Victim of Auto Wreck", The Washington Post, 9 July 1914
- ^ a b "The Reserve Squadron", The Observer, Cronstadt, 9 July 1881
- ^ a b c d The Near East from within. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company. 1918. p. 209.
- ^ a b c Gilliard, Pierre. "Thirteen Years at the Russian Court". Alexander palace.org. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ a b Perry, John Curtis; Constantine V. Pleshakov (1999). The flight of the Romanovs: a family saga. New York: Basic Books. p. 32. ISBN 9780823221806.
- ^ a b Radziwill, Catherine (1915). The Royal Marriage Market of Europe. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co. p. 120.
- ^ Radziwill, Catherine (1918). Confessions of the Czarina. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 82.
- ^ a b "Prince Alexander and Miss Gould", The Washington Post, 13 October 1909
- ^ "Russian Grand Dukes Enjoy Liberty At Crimean Homes", The Washington Post, 25 August 1917
- ^ a b Perry and Pleshakov, p. 107.
- ^ Vivian, Herbert (1904). The Servian tragedy: with some impressions of Macedonia. London: Grant Richards. pp. 73–4.
Leuchtenberg duke george.
- ^ Jaffe, Irma B; Gernando Colombardo (2002). Shining eyes, cruel fortune: the lives and loves of Italian Renaissance women poets. p. 204. ISBN 9780823221806.
- ^ Russian Imperial Army - George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg, Prince Romanovsky Archived 2018-04-21 at the Wayback Machine (In Russian)
- ^ Federico Bona. "I Cavalieri dell'Ordine Supremo del Collare o della Santissima Annunziata" (in Italian). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish). 1905. p. 440. Retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org.
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche-Orden" p. 9
- ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27