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Rakiura National Park

Rakiura National Park is a nature reserve park located on Stewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand. It is the newest national park of New Zealand and opened in 2002. The protected area covers about 85% of the island.

Rakiura National Park
Map
Interactive map of Rakiura National Park
LocationStewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand
Nearest townOban
Coordinates46°54′S 168°7′E / 46.900°S 168.117°E / -46.900; 168.117
Area1,399.6 km2 (540.4 sq mi)
Established2002
Governing bodyDepartment of Conservation
Official website

History

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Park establishment

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Robert Beck's Chain Sculpture, at the entrance to Rakiura National Park

Rakiura National Park is the 14th of New Zealand's national parks and was officially opened on 9 March 2002 by the Prime Minister, Helen Clark, the Minister of Conservation, Sandra Lee, and the mountaineer Sir Edmund Hillary.[1] It is New Zealand's newest national park.[2]

Geography

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Rakiura National Park covers close to 1,400 square kilometres (540 sq mi),[3] which is about 85% of Stewart Island / Rakiura, New Zealand's third-largest island. The park area excludes the township area around Halfmoon Bay (Oban) and some roads as well as private or Māori-owned land further inland.[1] It is made up of a network of former nature reserves, scenic reserves, and State Forest areas. A chain sculpture at the entrance to Rakiura National Park symbolises the Māori mythology of the island, which held that the South Island was the canoe of the demigod Māui and that Rakiura was the canoe's anchor, as evidenced by an alternative name for the island of "Te Punga o Te Waka a Māui" (the anchor of Māui's canoe).[4] The sculpture was designed by noted Southland sculptor Russell Beck, and was unveiled as part of the opening of the national park.[5][1] In 2008, a similar sculpture was erected in Bluff, and it represents the other end of the chain.[6]

Ecology

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Near Port William Hut, North Coast

Fauna

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Many native birds can be found within the park, and Rakiura offers perhaps the best opportunity anywhere in New Zealand for viewing kiwi in the wild. This is in part due to the absence of stoats and ferrets. Home to the Southern brown kiwi or Tokoeka, this is the largest of the kiwi species. There are thought to be around 15,000 kiwi on Stewart Island / Rakiura.[7]

Certain coastal areas of this park are breeding areas for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin.[8] Weka, a flightless and curious bird species, can only be found on offshore islands.[9] The South Island kākā can commonly be seen near the town of Halfmoon Bay and Ulva Island.[10]

In the 1970s, kākāpō were found in the Tin Range at a time when it was thought that the species was nearly extinct. The kākāpō have been transferred to nearby Codfish Island / Whenua Hou, which is not part of the national park.[11]

Tramping

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Rakiura Track

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Rakiura National Park, Stewart Island

The popular Rakiura Track is within the national park. The track typically takes three days and two nights to complete, the track is 32 kilometres (20 mi) long. The track meanders through lowland kāmahi, tōtara and rimu forest. The track takes in Port William and the north arm of Paterson Inlet.[12][13] Rakiura kiwi is often seen at night time near the huts.[14][15][16]

Northwest Circuit

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The Northwest Circuit circumnavigates the northern and western aspects of Stewart Island. The track is 125 kilometres (78 mi) long and takes most people between eight and ten days to complete. Most of the track is along the coastline visiting a series of very isolated sandy beaches. Once it reaches Mason Bay, the track crosses the Freshwater Depression before reaching Paterson Inlet. There are ten huts on the track which are, in general, spaced between five and seven hours walk apart.[12]

Southern Circuit

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The Southern Circuit is a challenging nine-day tramping trip. It is 70 kilometres (43 mi) long, and after rain can involve long periods of walking in mud and deep water.[12] The Southern Circuit takes in Doughboy Bay Hut. This eight-bed hut is the southernmost hut in the Department of Conservation's network.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Stewart Island national park created". The New Zealand Herald. New Zealand Press Association. 10 March 2002. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
  2. ^ Walrond, Carl (12 December 2012). "Stewart Island/Rakiura – New Zealand's third main island". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  3. ^ "Stewart Island/Rakiura Conservation Management Strategy (CMS) and Rakiura National Park Management Plan 2011–2021" (PDF). Department of Conservation. March 2012. p. 115. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
  4. ^ "History and naming of Stewart Island". www.stewartisland.co.nz. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  5. ^ Smith, Lisa (2 April 2018). "Away to the anchor". Otago Daily Times Online News. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  6. ^ "Bluff to replicate anchor chain sculpture". The Southland Times. 30 May 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  7. ^ "Southern brown kiwi | Tokoeka | New Zealand Birds Online". nzbirdsonline.org.nz. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
  8. ^ Hogan, C. Michael (6 April 2009). Stromberg, N. (ed.). "Yellow-eyed Penguin: Megadypes antipodes". GlobalTwitcher.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011.
  9. ^ Walrond, Carl (12 December 2012). "Stewart Island/Rakiura – Plants and animals". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  10. ^ "Kākā". www.doc.govt.nz. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  11. ^ Walrond, Carl (12 December 2012). "Stewart Island/Rakiura – Plants and animals". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  12. ^ a b c Department of Conservation (2005). Rakiura Parkmap 336-10 4th Edition. New Zealand: Department of Conservation.
  13. ^ Yardley, Mike (29 July 2020). "Travel - Mike Yardley: Away with the birds on Stewart Island". NZ Herald.
  14. ^ a b Dec '16, Neil Silverwood 21 December 201621 (20 December 2016). "A perfect week in Rakiura National Park". Wilderness Magazine. Retrieved 16 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ Vance, Andrea (13 March 2023). "How our love affair with plastic is fouling a national park". stuff.co.nz. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Rakiura Track Guide" (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation (New Zealand). December 2021. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
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