Captain Thomas Drummond (10 October 1797 – 15 April 1840), from Edinburgh was a Scottish British Army officer, civil engineer and senior public official. He used the Drummond light which was employed in the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain and Ireland. He is sometimes mistakenly given credit for the invention of limelight, at the expense of Sir Goldsworthy Gurney.[1] It was Drummond, however, who realised its value in surveying.
Thomas Drummond | |
|---|---|
 c. 1838 by Henry William Pickersgill | |
| Born | 10 October 1797 Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 15 April 1840 (aged 42) |
| Resting place | Ireland Mount Jerome Dublin |
| Occupation | Civil engineer |
| Known for | Cartography Drummond lamp |
| Spouse | Maria Kinnaird |
| Children | three daughters |
| Signature | |
 | |
Early life
editDrummond was the second of three sons.[2] Despite his father dying when he was young, he credited his mother with getting him through his education at Edinburgh High School and then on to be a Royal Engineer cadet at Woolwich Academy in 1813. He showed an early gift for mathematics. After Woolwich he was stationed in Edinburgh and was involved with public works. He was bored with this and had enrolled at Lincoln's Inn when he was recruited to use his trigonometry to help conduct a survey in the Highlands.[2]
This new work was done in the summer with the more difficult months being passed in London. Drummond took this opportunity to improve his knowledge of mathematics and science. He attended lectures by Sir Michael Faraday. At these he learned of the discovery of limelight.
Ordnance Survey of Ireland
editIn 1824 Drummond was transferred to the new Ordnance Survey of Ireland and here he used the new Drummond light.[3] He reported that the light could be observed 68 miles away and would cast a strong shadow at a distance of thirteen miles.[1] Drummond left Ireland for a period prior to the Reform Act 1832. For his services to the Whigs, acting as secretary to Lord Spencer, Lord Brougham had him awarded a pension 300 pounds per annum.[2]
In 1835 Drummond, now back with the Irish Survey, married the wealthy heiress Maria Kinnaird, who was the adopted daughter of the critic Conversation Sharp (1759–1835). They had three children, Emily, Mary and Fanny.[4]
Appointment as Under-Secretary for Ireland
editIn 1835, he was appointed as Under-Secretary for Ireland, heading up the Dublin Castle administration, a position he held until his death in 1840. A supporter of the Whigs, Drummond was held in high regard by Irish, whom he treated with impartiality.[5]
Drummond died in 1840 and was buried in Mount Jerome Cemetery, Dublin. It was concluded by his family physician, Dr. Johnson, who spent his last days with Drummond, that he was afflicted with peritonitis, which was symptomatic of an undetermined medical cause.[6] It is believed by some that overwork and stress precipitated his premature death in 1840 after working unceasingly for five years as Irish under-secretary.
His dying words were reported as:
"I wish to be buried in Ireland, the country of my adoption a country which I loved, which I have faithfully served, and for which I believe I have sacrificed my life."[7]
Drummond was critical of the system of large estates ("landlordism") in Ireland and famously stated, "Property has its duties as well as its rights."[8]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b "Demonstrations 19 – Limelight". Leeds University. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ a b c "Significant Scots – Thomas Drummond". Retrieved 18 July 2008.
- ^ "Historic mapping – archive origins". Ordnance Survey of Ireland. Archived from the original on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ Kegan Paul (1891). Maria Drummond – A Sketch. Kegan Paul.
- ^ 1907 edition of The Nuttall Encyclopædia
- ^ O'Brien, R. Barry (1889). Thomas Drummond, under-secretary in Ireland, 1835-40: life and letters. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company. p. 386. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ O'Brien, R. Barry (1889). Thomas Drummond, under-secretary in Ireland, 1835-40: life and letters. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company. pp. 387–388. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ Bew 2007, p. 149.
References
edit- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wood, James, ed. (1907). The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Bew, Paul (2007). Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198205555.
Further reading
edit
- Larcom, T. A. (1840). "Memoir of the professional life of the late Captain Drummond". Papers on Subjects Connected with the Duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers. 4. Woolwich.
- O'Brien, R. Barry (1889). Thomas Drummond, under-secretary in Ireland, 1835-40: life and letters. London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Company.
- Ó Tuathaigh, G. (1979). Thomas Drummond and the government of Ireland 1835–41. Galway.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - McLennan, John Ferguson; Drummond, Thomas (1867). Memoir of Thomas Drummond. Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas.