12-hour clock

The 12-hour clock is a time-keeping convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods of 12 hours, "a.m." and "p.m."

A.M. is an abbreviation of ante meridiem, Latin for "before noon". This is used to define hours of the day: "The meeting starts at 9 a.m." The opposite of A.M. is P.M., which is an abbreviation of of post meridiem, Latin for "after noon".

The topic of whether 12:00 a.m. and 12:00 p.m. each correspond to noon or midnight is a source of great confusion and pedantic argument. Technically, midnight is 12:00 a.m. and noon is 12 p.m., making the cycle of hours as follows:

• 1:00 a.m.
• 2:00 a.m.
• ...
• 11:00 a.m.
• 12:00 p.m.
• 1:00 p.m.
• ...
• 11:00 p.m.
• 12:00 a.m.
• 1:00 a.m.

etc.

Often, it is better just to say "noon" or "midnight", and avoid the issue completely. Another way of resolving the problem is to avoid referring to these tricky times entirely, and refer to times that are "just off" and therefore unambiguous, such as 11:59 p.m., or 12:01 a.m. Resolving this issue was one of the reasons for the creation of the 24-hour clock, sometimes called military time.