Scrophulariaceae
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Scrophulariaceae, the Figwort or Snapdragon family, is a family of plants, comprising about 220-300 genera and about 4000-4500 species, depending on taxonomic interpretation. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including tropical mountains.
The family includes many medicinal plants, among them:
- Bacopa, water hyssop
- Chelone, turtlehead
- Digitalis, foxgloves (toxic!)
- Euphrasia, eyebrights
- Gratiola, hedge hyssop
- Leptandra, Black root, Culver's root, Leptandra)
- Linaria, toadflaxes
- Rehmannia, Chinese foxglove, used in Traditional Chinese medicine
- Scrophularia, figworts
- Verbascum, mulleins
- Veronica, speedwells
There are also half- and full parasites, among them
- Melampyrum, cow-wheats
- Pedicularis, wood betony, louseworts
Many gardeners will be familiar with Antirrhinum, snapdragons, which includes the ornamental perennial, Antirrhinum majus.
Tight-lipped species of both Antirrhinum and Linaria can be made to open their jaws by pressing on the hinges of single plucked flowers. This is fascinating to young children, especially when accompanied by appropriate sound effects: "woof woof" for the smaller toadflaxes, and dragon-like roars for the larger snapdragons.
Orobanche is sometimes placed in its own family, Orobanchaceae.
Genera
Agalinis Raf. -- false foxglove
Alectra Thunb.
Amphianthus Torr.
Angelonia Humb. & Bonpl. -- angelon
Antirrhinum L. -- snapdragon
Aureolaria Raf. -- false foxglove
Bacopa Aubl. -- water hyssop, waterhyssop
Bartsia L.
Bellardia All. -- lineseed
Besseya Rydb. -- kittentail
Brachystigma Pennell -- desert foxglove
Buchnera L. -- bluehearts
Calceolaria L. -- slipperwort (now classified in the family Calceolariaceae)
Capraria L.
Castilleja Mutis -- Indian paintbrush
Chaenorhinum Reichenb. -- dwarf snapdragon
Chaenorrhinum Reichenb.
Chelone L. -- turtlehead
Chionophila Benth. -- snowlover
Collinsia Nutt. -- blue eyed mary, blue-eyed mary
Cordylanthus Nutt. -- bird's beak, bird's-beak
Cymbalaria Hill -- ivy-leaved toadflax
Dasistoma Raf.
Digitalis L. -- foxglove
Diplacus Nutt. -- bush monkeyflower
Dopatrium Buch.-Ham.
Epixiphium Munz
Euphrasia L. -- eyebright
Galvezia Dombey
Gambelia Nutt. -- greenbright
Gerardia
Glossostigma Wight & Arn.
Gratiola L. -- hedge hyssop, hedgehyssop
Hebe Comm.
Hemianthus Nutt.
Holmgrenanthe Elisens -- rocklady
Howelliella Rothm.
Ilysanthes
Keckiella Straw
Kickxia Dumort. -- cancerwort, kickxia
Lagotis Gaertn.
Latharea L. -- e.g., Toothwort
Lendneria Minod
Leucophyllum Bonpl. -- barometerbush
Leucospora Nutt.
Limnophila R. Br. -- marshweed
Limosella L. -- mudwort
Linaria P. Mill. -- toadflax
Lindernia All. -- false pimpernel
Lophospermum D. Don
Mabrya Elisens
Macranthera Nutt.
Maurandella Rothm.
Maurandya Ortega
Mazus Lour.
Mecardonia Ruiz & Pavón
Melampyrum L. -- cowwheat
Micranthemum Michx. -- mudflower
Mimetanthe Greene
Mimulus L. -- monkey-flower, monkeyflower
Misopates Raf.
Mohavea Gray
Nemesia Vent.
Neogaerrhinum Rothm.
Nothochelone Straw
Nuttallanthus D.A. Sutton -- toadflax
Odontites Ludwig
Orobanche L.
Orthocarpus Nutt. -- owl's-clover, owlclover
Parentucellia Viviani -- glandweed
Paulownia Sieb. & Zucc.
Pedicularis L. -- lousewort
Penstemon Schmidel -- beard tongue, beardtongue
Pseudorontium Rothm.
Rehmannia Libosch.
Rhinanthus L. -- rattleweed, yellow rattle
Russelia Jacq.
Sairocarpus D.A. Sutton -- snapdragon
Schistophragma Benth.
Schwalbea L. -- schwalbea
Scoparia L. -- licorice weed
Scrophularia L. -- figwort
Seymeria Pursh -- black senna
Stemodia L. -- twintip
Striga Lour. -- witchweed
Synthyris Benth. -- kittentails
Tomanthera
Tonella Nutt.
Torenia L.
Triphysaria Fisch. & C.A. Mey. -- owl's-clover
Verbascum L. -- mullein
Veronica L. -- speedwell
Veronicastrum Heister
and about 130-200 more.
Ref: ITIS 33005
For full list see Kew