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Mike Tyson

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Mike Tyson
Born
Michael Gerard Tyson

(1966-06-30) June 30, 1966 (age 58)
Brooklyn, New York, United States
NationalityUnited States American
Other namesIron Mike
Kid Dynamite
Baddest Man on the Planet
Statistics
Weight(s)Heavyweight
Height6 ft 2 in ( 180 cm)
StanceOrthodox
Boxing record
Total fights58
Wins50
Wins by KO44
Losses6
Draws0
No contests2

Mike Tyson, born June 30, 1966, in Brooklyn, New York, USA and named Michael Tyson, is a former World Heavyweight Champion. The youngest man to have won a heavyweight title belt, he was rated in 1999 by Ring magazine as the fourteenth greatest heavyweight of all time. Nicknamed "Iron Mike Tyson", "Mighty Mike Tyson", "Kid Dynamite", and "The Baddest Man on the Planet", he adopted the Muslim name Malik Abdul Aziz after his conversion to Islam [1][2]. Tyson unified the belts in the splintered heavyweight division in the mid-eighties and quickly disposed of all rival contenders.

Although Tyson was considered unbeatable during his prime, he lacked discipline and self control in and out of the ring, leading to personal problems and extended periods of imprisonment. After being released from his first prison sentence, Tyson's heavily anticipated comeback failed to reclaim his previous dominance. Tyson's greatest impact upon the boxing world was as a fighter during the 1980s, as the latter part of his career was overshadowed by controversy even though he eventually regained a title belt.

Early years

Raised in the notorious Brownsville section of Brooklyn, Tyson's early childhood was marked by strife, unhappiness, and cancer, forcing his mother, Lorna Smith Tyson, to provide for her family following the departure of their father, Jimmy Kirkpatrick, when Tyson was two years old. Tyson's reputation as a youth who would savagely beat anyone who ridiculed his high-pitched, lisping voice was fueled by constant abuse by older children on the streets of Brownsville . Expelled from junior high school for fighting, Tyson passed through juvenile detention centers, yet remained in perpetual trouble with the state for petty crime and thuggery. Tyson's raw boxing ability and incredible potential in the ring was discovered by a juvenile detention center guard named Bobby Stewart while Tyson was in a in New York detention center. As Tyson was an outstanding physical specimen, Stewart trained him for a few months and then introduced him to the legendary Cus D'Amato. Cus,in turn, used Daniel Francis Maloney, of Pittsburgh, as Tyson's daily sparring partner in the Poconos boxing hideaway. Maloney was up to the task.

Rise to stardom

Mike Tyson made his professional debut on March 6, 1985, in Albany, New York, a match he won by a first round knockout over Hector Mercedes. Fighting frequently in his first two years as a professional, Tyson won the first 19 of his 22 fights by knockout, 14 of which came in the first round. His quality of opposition gradually increased to journeyman fighters and borderline contenders, and his win streak attracted much media attention, leading to his being billed as the next great heavyweight champion.

Tyson's first nationally televised bout took place on February 16, 1986 at Houston Field House in Troy, NY against journeyman heavyweight Jesse Ferguson. Tyson knocked down Ferguson with an uppercut in the fifth round that reportedly broke Ferguson's nose. (Life Magazine) During the sixth round, Ferguson began to hold and clinch Tyson in an apparent attempt to prolong the fight. After admonishing Ferguson several times to obey his commands to break the clinches and box, the referee eventually stopped the fight near the middle of the sixth round and Tyson was declared the winner by TKO.

On November 22, 1986, Tyson was given his first title shot, fighting Trevor Berbick for the WBC heavyweight title. Tyson won the title by second round technical knockout, and at the age of 20 years and 4 months became the youngest heavyweight champion ever. Floyd Patterson still holds the record as the youngest lineal champ.

Tyson aged 20 was around 222 lb (101 kg) with approximately 5.5 percent body fat, and was stocky for his height of 5'11". Feared for his brute strength, many fighters were too scared to hit him and this was backed up by his incredible hand speed, accuracy, coordination, and extremely powerful hits and timing. Perhaps what was most overlooked was Tyson's defensive abilities. Holding his hands high in the Peek-a-Boo style taught by his mentor Cus D'Amato, he would slip and weave out of the way of the opponent's punches while closing the distance to deliver his own devastating attacks.

Expectations for the young champion were extremely high, and he embarked on an ambitious campaign to fight all the top heavyweights in the world. In 1987, Tyson defended his title against James 'Bonecrusher' Smith on March 7 in Las Vegas, Nevada. He won by unanimous decision and added Smith's WBA title to his existing belt. 'Tyson mania' in the media was becoming rampant. He beat Pinklon Thomas in May with a knockout in the sixth round. On August 1 he took the IBF title from Tony Tucker. He became the first heavyweight to own all three major belts (WBA, WBC, IBF) at the same time. His only other fight in 1987 was in October against the 1984 Olympic champion Tyrell Biggs, a great performance from Tyson which ended with a victory by knockout in the seventh round.

Tyson had three fights in 1988. He faced an aged but still game Larry Holmes on January 22, and defeated the legendary former champion by fourth round knockout. This would be the only knockout loss Holmes would suffer in 75 professional bouts. Tyson then fought contender Tony Tubbs in Tokyo in March, fitting in an easy two-round victory amid promotional and marketing work.

On June 27, 1988, Tyson met Michael Spinks. Spinks, who had taken the heavyweight championship away from Larry Holmes via a fifteen round decision in 1985, had never lost his title in the ring. The IBF title which he had won from Holmes had been stripped from him, but many (including Ring magazine) considered him to have a legitimate claim to being the true heavyweight champion. Tyson cleared up all confusion by brutally knocking him out at 1:31 of the first round. This fight is often regarded as the pinnacle of Tyson's career.

Controversy

During this time period, Tyson's problems outside boxing were also starting to gain prominence. His marriage to Robin Givens was heading for divorce, and his future contract was being fought over by Don King and Bill Cayton. In late 1988, Tyson fired longtime trainer Kevin Rooney, the man many credit for honing Tyson's craft after the death of D'Amato in November 1985. Without Rooney, Tyson's skills slowly deteriorated and he became more prone to looking for the one-punch knockout, rather than utilizing the fierce combinations that brought him to stardom. He also began to headhunt, neglecting to attack the opponent's body first. In addition, he lost his fabulous defensive skills and began to barrel straight in toward the opponent, neglecting to jab and slip his way in. In 1989, Tyson had only two fights amid personal turmoil. He faced the popular British boxer Frank Bruno in February in a below-par fight, and managed a one round knockout of Carl Williams in July.

In 1989 Tyson was granted an honorary doctorate in Humane Letters from Central State University in Ohio. Many in the academic community expressed displeasure at this (as well as at the practice of giving honorary doctorates to celebrities in general), claiming that it cheapened the value of such awards, particularly for those who had worked years in their fields to earn them.[3]

By 1990 Tyson seemed to have lost direction, and his personal life and training habits were in disarray. In a fight on February 11 he lost his championship to James "Buster" Douglas in Tokyo. On paper it looked like an easy victory for Tyson, but Douglas was at an emotional peak after losing his mother to a stroke three weeks prior to the fight, and fought the fight of his life. Tyson failed to find a way past Douglas's lightning fast jab that had a thirteen-inch reach advantage over his own. Tyson did send Douglas to the floor in the eighth round, catching him with an uppercut, but Douglas recovered sufficiently to hand Tyson a heavy beating in the later rounds. After the fight Tyson and his corner complained that Douglas had received longer than ten to get to his feet. Thirty-five seconds within the start of the 10th round, Douglas unleashed a combination of blows that sent Tyson to the canvas for the first time in his career. He was counted out by referee Octavio Meyran. The sight of the then 37-0 undefeated champion rolling around on the floor trying to put his mouthpiece back in was an image that contrasted deeply with many boxing fans' perceptions of Tyson up to that point.

After Douglas

After the loss, Tyson returned to his old form, knocking out heavyweight contenders Henry Tillman and Alex Stewart in the first round in each of his next two fights. This set up an elimination match for another shot at the Undisputed World Heavyweight Championship, which Evander Holyfield had taken from Douglas in his first defense of the title.

Tyson, who was the #1 contender, faced #2 contender Donovan Ruddock on March 18, 1991, in Las Vegas. Tyson and Ruddock went back and forth for most of the fight, with Tyson scoring with solid shots, until referee Richard Steele controversially stopped the fight during the seventh round and infuriated the fans in attendance as well as Ruddock's manager, Murad Muhammad.

Tyson and Ruddock would meet again to settle the disputed decision on June 28 that year, with Tyson leaving no doubt who the top contender was in winning a 12 round unanimous decision. A fight with Holyfield was eventually booked, and was scheduled to take place in the fall.

Rape conviction, prison, and aftermath

However, the Holyfield fight was not to be. Tyson was arrested later in 1991 for the rape of Miss Black Rhode Island, Desiree Washington, in an Indianapolis hotel room. Tyson was convicted on the charge of rape on February 10, 1992.[4]

He was given a sentence of six years and was released in May 1995 after serving three years. Under Indiana law, a defendant convicted of a felony must begin serving his prison sentence immediately after the sentence is imposed.

Tyson did not fight again until 1995. After two comeback bouts against Peter McNeeley and Buster Mathis Jr., which he won easily, he regained one belt by easily winning the WBC title from Frank Bruno in March 1996 by knocking him out in the third round. Tyson would add the WBA belt to his collection by pummeling champion Bruce Seldon in one round in September that year. However, he would be stripped of the WBC belt for refusing to fight Lennox Lewis, the organization's #1 contender.

Tyson goes down again

Tyson's next defense of his title came against Holyfield, who was in the fourth fight of his comeback to boxing after retiring in 1994 following the loss of his championship. It was said that Don King and others saw the former champion, who was 34 at the time of the fight and a huge underdog, as a washed up fighter.[citation needed][weasel words]

On November 9 in Las Vegas, Tyson wasn't able to have any luck, including being knocked down and cut in the middle part of the fight and dealing with what were ruled to be incidental headbutts by Holyfield. By the 11th round, referee Mitch Halpern had seen enough, and during the round he stopped the fight, giving the championship to Holyfield and making him the second person to win a heavyweight championship belt three times.

The Second Holyfield Fight

See also: The Bite Fight

Tyson and Holyfield would fight again on June 28, 1997. Originally, Halpern was supposed to be the referee, but after Tyson's camp protested (remembering the headbutting Holyfield did in the first fight), Halpern stepped aside in favor of Mills Lane. The rematch was dubbed "The Sound and the Fury," was a $100-million drawing fight, and the rematch was drawing more attention than the first bout, with Tyson getting $30 million, Holyfield $35 million, and pay per view fees set at $49.95.

Problems started when a clash of heads in the second round opened a three-inch cut over Tyson's right eye. Tyson had repeatedly complained about head butting in the first bout between the two. A time-out was called briefly, but since there was no indication at the time that Holyfield had intentionally fouled Tyson, no point deduction was taken from Holyfield. Tyson continued the second round with blood trickling into his eye.

As the third round was about to begin, Tyson came out of his corner without his mouthpiece. Lane ordered Tyson back to his corner to insert it. The two fighters got back into position and the match resumed. Tyson rushed hard at Holyfield, catching him with a solid right and then a combination. Suddenly, with 40 seconds left in the 3rd round, the fight took an unexpected turn. Holyfield got Tyson in a clinch, and Tyson rolled his head above Holyfield's shoulder and bit Holyfield's right ear, severing it. Holyfield pushed Tyson away and started hopping up and down in pain, spinning around in a circle holding his ear.

Lane abruptly called for a time-out, Holyfield turned to walk to his corner, and Tyson ran up to Holyfield and pushed his back, startling both the crowd and Holyfield, who fell into the ropes. Lane quickly moved Tyson and directed Holyfield back to his corner as Tyson walked calmly back to his. The fight was delayed for several minutes as Lane told Tyson he was penalizing him with a two-point deduction. A physician examined Holyfield's ear and determined he could continue to fight.

The fight resumed with 30 seconds left in the round. The two fought into another clinch. With 22 seconds remaining in the round, Tyson craned his neck around again and bit Holyfield's left ear. Holyfield threw his hands around to get out of the clinch and jumped back as Tyson waved his arms in a "come on" motion. Lane did not stop the fight this time, so the two men continued fighting until time expired. The men walked back to their respective corners when the fight was then stopped. After the fight was stopped, Tyson tried to get at Holyfield and Holyfield's trainer Brooks while they were still in their corner. Tyson took swings at everyone who got in his way, including a police officer, until he was finally held back into his corner. Announcer Jimmy Lennon Jr. read the unprecedented decision: "Referee Mills Lane has disqualified Mike Tyson for biting Evander Holyfield on both of his ears."

Later, Tyson was walking back to his locker room when a fan tossed a full bottle of water in his direction. Tyson climbed over a temporary railing and up into the stands, made obscene gestures to the crowd, and made his way up the side of a stairway before he was dragged to his locker room. Tyson was suspended and his license withheld.

Tyson later told reporters that he felt forced to retaliate because he was upset Holyfield was not penalized for what he felt were repeated intentional headbutts delivered throughout the opening rounds.

Holyfield butted me in the first round and then he butted me again in the second round. As soon as he butted me I watched him. He looked right at me and came right at me. He kept on going down and coming up, then charged into me, and no one warned him. No one took any point from him. What am I supposed to do? This is my career; I can't continue getting butted like that. I've got children to raise and he keeps butting me, tryna get me, stopped on cuts I gotta retaliate. Listen, Holyfield's not the tough warrior everyone says he is. He got a little nick on his ear and he quit. I got one eye, he's got ears, he's not impaired. I got one eye, big deal, if he take one, I got another one. He didn't wanna fight; I'm ready to fight him right now... He didn't want to fight, regardless on what I did...he been buttin me for two fights (Tyson points to his eye) Look at me, look at me, look at me, look at me, look at me. I have to go home and my kids are gonna be scared of me now, look at me man.

[citation needed]

Decline

In January 1999 Tyson returned to the ring to fight the South African Francois Botha and while Botha initially controlled the fight, Tyson allegedly attempted to break Botha's arms during a tie-up. Nonetheless, Tyson landed a straight right-hand in the fifth round that knocked Botha out.

On February 5 Tyson was sentenced to a year's imprisonment, fined $5,000, and ordered to serve 2 years probation and perform 200 hours of community service for assaulting two motorists after a traffic accident on August 31, 1998. He served nine months of that sentence. After his release he fought Orlin Norris on October 23, 1999. Tyson knocked Norris down with a left hook he threw after the bell sounded ending the first round. Norris injured his knee when he went down and said he was unable to continue the fight. The bout was ruled a no contest.

In 2000 Tyson had three fights. The first was staged at the MEN Arena, Manchester, England against Julius Francis. Following controversy as to whether Tyson should be allowed into the country, he knocked out Francis in the second round. He also fought Lou Savarese in June 2000 in Glasgow, winning in the first round. The entire fight only lasted 38 seconds. Tyson continued punching after the referee had stopped the fight, knocking him to the floor as he tried to separate the boxers. In October Tyson fought the similarly controversial Andrew Golota, winning in round three after Golota refused to carry on, the result was later changed to no contest after Tyson tested positive for marijuana. Tyson fought only once in 2001, beating Brian Nielsen in Copenhagen with a seventh round TKO.

Tyson sought to fight Lennox Lewis in 2002 in Nevada, but the Nevada boxing commission refused him a license to box as he was facing possible sexual assault charges. Tyson made inflammatory remarks to Lewis prior to the eventual bout stating, "I want your heart, I wanna eat his children, praise be to Allah". A mass brawl on January 22, 2002 at a press conference in New York to publicize the planned event finally removed any chance of a Nevada fight. The fight actually occurred on June 8 in Memphis, Tennessee. Lewis dominated the fight and knocked out Tyson in the eighth round. Tyson stated that the loss was due to not being allowed enough warm up fights leading up to the fight, due to Lewis insisting on the date. Tyson was especially magnanimous after the fight and praised Lewis on his victory.

On February 22, 2003, Tyson beat fringe contender Clifford Etienne 49 seconds into round one, once again in Memphis. The pre-fight was marred by rumors of Tyson's lack of fitness and that he took time out from training to party in Las Vegas and get a new facial tattoo. This would be Tyson's final professional victory in the ring.

In August 2003, after years of financial struggles, Tyson finally filed for bankruptcy. His bank balance was said to have been only $5,000. In 2003, amid all his economic troubles, he was named by Ring Magazine at number 16, right behind Sonny Liston, among the 100 greatest punchers of all time.

On July 30, 2004, Tyson faced the British boxer Danny Williams in another comeback fight staged in Louisville, Kentucky. Tyson dominated the opening two rounds. The third round was more even, with Williams getting in some clean blows and also a few illegal ones, for which he was penalized. In the fourth round Tyson was surprisingly knocked out. It transpired that Tyson was trying to fight on one leg, having torn a ligament in his other knee in the first round. This was Tyson's fifth career defeat. He underwent surgery for the ligament four days after the fight. His manager Shelly Finkel claimed that Tyson was unable to throw meaningful right-hand punches after the knee injury.

On June 11, 2005, Tyson stunned the boxing world by quitting before the start of the seventh round in a close bout against journeyman Kevin McBride. After losing the third of his last four fights, Tyson said he would quit boxing because he hasn't "got the fighting guts or the heart anymore."[5]

After professional boxing

Tyson has stayed in the limelight by promoting various websites and companies. In June 2004, sportswriter Max Kellerman suggested that Tyson should move out of boxing and into product endorsement, as this had worked well for former boxer George Foreman. In the past Tyson had shunned endorsements, accusing other athletes of putting on a false front to obtain them.

On the front page of USA Today on June 3, 2005, Tyson was quoted as saying: "My whole life has been a waste - I've been a failure." He continued: "I just want to escape. I'm really embarrassed with myself and my life. I want to be a missionary. I think I could do that while keeping my dignity without letting people know they chased me out of the country. I want to get this part of my life over as soon as possible. In this country nothing good is going to come of me. People put me so high; I wanted to tear that image down." Tyson now spends much of his time tending to his coop of around 350 pigeons in Phoenix, Arizona.[6] He shares his house with his pug, Meatball.

On September 28, 2006 Tyson announced "The Mike Tyson World Tour" in which he would fight in a series of four round exhibition matches in the US, Europe and Asia. The first of these matches was held in Ohio on October 20, 2006, against Corey Sanders in Youngstown, Ohio. The explicit purpose of the tour was to help ease Mike Tyson's spiraling debts.[7]

On December 29, 2006, Tyson was arrested in Scottsdale, Arizona on suspicion of DUI and felony drug possession after he nearly crashed into a police SUV shortly after leaving a night club. In a police probable cause statement filed in Maricopa County Superior Court, "He (Tyson) admitted to using (drugs) today and stated he is an addict and has a problem". Tyson was released from jail without bond and was scheduled to appear before a preliminary hearing on January 16, 2007.

Marriage and children

Tyson has 7 children: Gena, Mikey, D'Amato, Rayna, Amir, Miguel, and Exodus.[8]

First marriage was to actress Robin Givens from February 7, 1988 - February 14, 1989.

Rayna (born February 14, 1996) and Amir (August 5, 1997) are from his second marriage to Monica Turner. Monica Turner is a pediatric resident at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington DC. She is also the sister of Michael Steele, the former lieutenant governor of Maryland.

Trivia

  • Tyson was good friends with rapper Tupac Shakur, and often came out for a fight with a song Shakur specifically recorded for his ringwalk music. Shakur had been in attendance at a Tyson fight on the night he was fatally shot in a drive-by shooting.
  • Ottawa Senators goaltender Ray Emery had a picture of Tyson on his goalie mask, before he was told by Senators management that this was unacceptable due to Tyson's reputation.
  • Tyson has a hobby of collecting pigeons, he has cared for pigeons throughout his life.[9]
  • ESPN.com Page 2 columnist Bill Simmons makes frequent references to "The Tyson Zone" (named after Tyson), which is a status an athlete or celebrity reaches when their behavior becomes so outrageous that one would believe most any story or anecdote about the person, no matter how seemingly bizarre.[10]
  • His infamous 1997 boxing match, in which he bit off a portion of Evander Holyfield's ear, is mentioned by Robin Williams in his comedy special Live on Broadway. Williams comments that people are lucky Tyson just bit Holyfield; "Mike just got out of prison; you're lucky he didn't fuck him!"

Cameos and parodies

  • In the 2006 movie Rocky Balboa, Mike Tyson, who was rumored to be in negotiations to fight Tarver, was used to verbally assault Dixon outside the ring before the match.
  • In Scary Movie 4, during a flashback scene (a boxing match not so subtly disguised as a Million Dollar Baby spoof) involving lead character Cindy (Anna Faris), her opponent is a buff female boxer who resembles Tyson; at the conclusion of the fight, proceeds to bite off the ears of every spectator and official within the boxing stadium. This is clearly a reference to the incident involving Tyson and Holyfield.
  • Tyson made a cameo appearance on 1980's TV sitcom Who's The Boss at one point, during a scene when Tony Danza is impersonating Tyson's infamous voice. Tyson rings the doorbell as a neighbour and asks who the person who's been making fun of him.
  • In 1987, Nintendo released Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!, an NES game based on the arcade game Punch-Out!!, although there was later a version released in 1990 that replaced Mike Tyson with a fictional character, "Mr. Dream", after Nintendo's license with Tyson ran out. Defeating Tyson (through mini-boxer Lil' Mac) is extremely difficult, as he can knock Mac down with a single "lightning punch", modeled after the real-life Tyson's devastating right upper-cut.
  • In 1992 a second Nintendo game featuring Mike Tyson entitled "Mike Tyson's Intergalactic Power Punch" was to be released as a sequel to Mike Tysons's Punch-Out!!. However, due to the Desiree Washington case the project was scrapped and the game was eventually released as Power Punch II with Mike Tyson in the game being replaced with a character named Mark Tyler.
  • In 1989, DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince scored a #23 R&B/#58 Pop hit with "I Think I Can Beat Mike Tyson", in which the Fresh Prince envisages himself taking on the heavyweight champion (and taking a beating in the process). Tyson appears as himself in the song's music video.
  • In the Japanese version of Capcom's Street Fighter II series, Balrog is called Mike Bison, as a parody of Mike Tyson, possibly with the full name of "Michael Gerard Bison". Capcom USA switched the names of the Shadoloo Grandmasters around for the American versions in order to avoid a potential lawsuit from Mike Tyson. In Street Fighter Alpha 3 one of Balrog's victory phrases is "If you fight me like that again I'll have to bite your ear off!"
  • In 1998 Tyson featured on an underground rap hit, "Second Round K.O" by Canibus. Tyson gives the rapper advice over how to defeat his lyrical opponent (rapper LL Cool J).
  • Tyson collaborates with R&B artist Ginuwine in his 2003 album "The Senior" in which Tyson gives Ginuwine his "stamp of approval" in the introduction of the album.
  • In the manga Hajime no Ippo, the titular character, Ippo Makunouchi, is partially based on Mike Tyson, possessing devasting power punches and the Peek-a-Boo stance that Tyson is known for. Tyson is referred to by name in the manga.
  • In a Snickers commercial from the early 2000s, an unnamed boxer is seen sitting in his locker room, seemingly afraid to go out for the fight. He sits with his gloves next to his face and after some prodding by his coach, he pulls his gloves away to reveal a large set of ears and proclaims "I'm not going out there!" This commercial parodies the infamous "Holyfield Fight" where Tyson bit his opponent's ears.
  • In the 1998 PC game, Fallout 2, the player can initiate a boxing career which culminates in a championship fight with a character called "The Masticator" who will often bite the player's ear off.
  • Mike Tyson appeared in commercials for Toyota trucks in Japan.[11]

Professional boxing championship accomplishments

Template:Succession box three to one
Preceded by WBC Heavyweight Champion
1996-03-16–1997(Vacated) 		Succeeded by
Vacancy filled by
Lennox Lewis
Preceded by WBA Heavyweight Champion
1996-09-07–1996-11-09 		Succeeded by

See also

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ [2]
  3. ^ http://www.chicagoflame.com/media/paper519/news/2005/02/15/News/A.Free.Doctorate-863162.shtml
  4. ^ Rape and the boxing ring, by Joyce Carol Oates.
  5. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/4084744.stm (BBC Sport)
  6. ^ http://msnbc.msn.com/id/8305426/
  7. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/5393536.stm
  8. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2005-06-02-tyson-saraceno_x.htm
  9. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/sports/boxing/2005-06-02-tyson-saraceno_x.htm
  10. ^ http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=simmons/061011
  11. ^ http://car-cm.zdap.jp/cast.htm
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