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Bois Forte Indian Reservation

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Flag of the Bois Forte Band of Chippewa

Bois Forte Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation formed for the Bois Forte Band of Chippewa (or Zagaakwaandagowininiwag (Men of the Thick Woods) in the Ojibwe language).

Sections

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Location of Bois Forte Indian Reservation

The reservation is composed of three sections in northern Minnesota, United States:

There are additional scattered parcels less than 40 acres (16 ha) in size associated with the reservation. The reservation's total land area is 199.605 sq mi (516.974 km2).

Demographics

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As of the census of 2020,[1] the combined population of Bois Forte Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land was 984. The population density was 4.9 inhabitants per square mile (1.9/km2). There were 541 housing units at an average density of 2.7 per square mile (1.0/km2). The racial makeup of the reservation and off-reservation trust land was 69.9% Native American, 22.8% White, 0.1% Black or African American, and 7.2% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 2.2% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Broken down by reservation subdivision, the Lake Vermilion segment had 402 people, the Nett Lake segment had 344 people, the Deer Creek segment had 163, and there were 75 people on other trust land parcels. The Bois Forte Indian Reservation is a member of the Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, who in July 2007, reported 3,052 people enrolled in the Bois Forte Band.

History

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The community first entered into a treaty with the United States in 1854 that set aside an undefined region around Lake Vermilion as a reservation. The regions at Nett Lake and Itasca County were officially established in an 1866 treaty, and the Lake Vermilion lands were defined in an 1881 executive order. Following the Nelson Act of 1889, the lands were surveyed and subdivided, but the U.S. federal government did not force tribe members to move to the White Earth Indian Reservation. Even so, allotment allowed timber companies and white settlers to acquire much of the land within the reservation boundaries. Only about 41% of the Nett Lake reservation was still tribally-owned by 1981.[2] In 2022, the Conservation Fund returned 28,089 acres (43.889 sq mi; 113.67 km2) of forest land at Nett Lake to the Bois Forte Band.[3]

50% of the reservation is wetland, and the 7,300 acre (30 km2) Nett Lake is said to be the largest producer of wild rice in the United States.

References

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  1. ^ "2020 Decennial Census: Bois Forte Reservation and Off-Reservation Trust Land, MN". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  2. ^ Janke, Ronald A. (1982). "Chippewa Land Losses". Journal of Cultural Geography. 2 (2): 84–100. doi:10.1080/08873638209478619. ISSN 0887-3631. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  3. ^ Slater, Brady (7 June 2022). "Nett Lake site of historic return of tribal lands". Duluth News Tribune. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
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