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Lexus LS
2007 Lexus LS 460 L
Overview
ManufacturerToyota Motor Corporation
Production1989–present
AssemblyTahara, Aichi, Japan
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size luxury car
Body style4-door sedan
LayoutFR layout
PlatformS-Series
RelatedToyota Crown
Toyota Celsior (until 2006)

The Lexus LS is a full-size luxury sedan that serves as the flagship of Lexus, the luxury division of Toyota. The LS is recognized as having one of the quietest automobile cabins in the world[1] and is regarded as one of the most reliable vehicles ever built.[2][3] Since Lexus' debut in 1989, four generations of the V8-powered, rear wheel drive Lexus LS have been produced. The fourth generation LS Series, launched in 2006, now includes long wheelbase and all-wheel drive hybrid models.

Lexus LS overview

An early Lexus LS design sketch.

In August 1983, Toyota chairman Eiji Toyoda initiated the F1 project ("Flagship" and "No. 1 vehicle"; alternatively called the "Circle-F" project), a top secret effort aimed at producing a world-class luxury sedan. Unlike past Toyota efforts, the F1 project was not bound by a specific budget or time constraints. It also did not utilize existing Toyota vehicle platforms or parts.[4] Instead, chief engineer Ichiro Suzuki sought to develop an all-new design that would surpass existing flagship luxury sedans. Specific targets included: a more aerodynamic exterior, quieter cabin, smoother ride, and more fuel-efficient design versus American and European rivals.[5]

To achieve their ambitious goals, F1 engineers produced new concepts and part designs, resulting in hundreds of patent applications.[6] Their final design would have among the lowest drag coefficients of any production vehicle (Cd 0.29), record a quiet 58 dB of cabin noise at cruising speed (62 mph), and exhibit lower levels of vibration than rival sedans.[5] The F1 design's 4.0L V8 engine produced 250 hp, had a maximum speed of 155 mph, and avoided the U.S. gas-guzzler tax.

File:LS first gen testing.jpg
Extreme weather testing for prototypes of what would become the Lexus LS 400 included cold weather terrain.

Over a period of five years, a team of over 3,900 engineers, technicians, and other F1 personnel built some 450 flagship prototypes and 900 engine prototypes.[5] The prototype F1 vehicles were driven over a total of 4.3 million kilometers on testing locations ranging from the autobahn in Germany, deserts in Arizona, Australia, and Saudi Arabia, to U.S. highways and wilderness areas.[5] To ensure quality, more precise manufacturing standards were developed to produce higher levels of fit and finish in the new sedan.[4] Toyota's Tahara plant, a highly automated facility, was selected as the site of production. Materials selection tests examined multiple types of leather and scrutinized 24 different kinds of wood for use in the passenger cabin.[5] Total costs for the project exceeded $1 billion.[5]

By 1986, Toyota executives had decided to form a new luxury division, Lexus, to support the launch of their flagship sedan. The final design of the resulting Lexus LS 400 (UCF10) was approved in 1987, and the vehicle premiered at U.S. and international auto shows in 1989. Although the LS 400 was initially intended to launch as a standalone model[5] for Lexus, it was ultimately sold alongside the ES 250, an entry-level luxury car based on the Toyota Camry. The first Lexus dealerships in the U.S. began sales of the Lexus LS and its stablemate in September 1989. Sales in Australia, Canada, and Europe began in 1990. In Japan, where Lexus was not established, the flagship sedan was sold as the Toyota Celsior.

The third generation LS 430 model debuted for the 2001 model year.

In its first four months on sale, the Lexus LS 400 exceeded Lexus' forecasts, with 11,574 models sold in the U.S.[5] By 1991, on the strength of the LS' sales success, Lexus became the top-selling luxury import in the United States. The LS regularly outsold its rivals, becoming the top-selling luxury flagship vehicle in the U.S.—a title it achieved 15 out of the first 17 years since its debut.[7] In 1995, Lexus unveiled the redesigned, second generation LS 400 (UCF20), featuring a longer wheelbase with similar styling and specifications as the original model. The third generation LS 430 (UCF30) premiered in 2001, introducing a new body design and a host of new interior and technological features. In 2006, Lexus debuted in the Japanese market, signaling the end of Toyota Celsior sales. From that point forward, the LS was exclusively sold under the Lexus nameplate in every available market.

The Lexus LF-Sh hybrid concept debuted in late 2005.

The fourth generation LS (USF40 / USF41) premiered as a hybrid concept car, the LF-Sh, in Fall 2005, and the LS Series was formally revealed at the North American International Auto Show in January 2006. For the first time, the Lexus LS was offered in both standard and long wheelbase versions. Innovations on the latest LS sedans included the world's first eight-speed automatic transmission, real-time traffic updates, automatic parallel/reverse parking, and more luxury features than on previous models. The LS Series of luxury flagship sedans went on sale worldwide in late 2006, furthering Lexus' efforts to establish itself as a global luxury brand. All LS sedans continue to be exclusively produced at the Tahara, Japan plant, which has since been awarded as the best automobile manufacturing plant in the world for quality.[8]

First generation (UCF10)

LS 400 (UCF10)
Overview
Production1989–1994
Powertrain
Engine4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8
Transmission4-speed automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase110.8 in (2814 mm)
Length196.7 in (4996 mm)
Width72.0 in (1829 mm)
Height55.7 in (1415 mm)
(UCF10 I)
55.3 in (1405 mm)
(UCF10 II)
Curb weight3759 lb (1708 kg)
(UCF10 I)
3858 lb (1750 kg)
(UCF10 II)

UCF10 I (1989)

The first flagship of the Lexus line, the LS 400 (UCF10 I), debuted at the North American International Auto Show in January 1989. Designed to compete head-to-head with the luxury flagships of the leading auto manufacturers, the first generation LS was equipped with a 4.0L V8 engine, rear-wheel drive, and a leather-trimmed interior with California Walnut accents. The five-passenger cabin featured an automatic tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, power-adjustable memory seats, soft-touch controls, and electroluminescent Optitron gauges. The LS 400 was among the first luxury sedans to feature digital A/C readouts, power adjustable shoulder belts, front seat heaters, an electrochromic rear-view mirror, and auto-off headlamps.[9] An air suspension (which could be used to raise or lower the vehicle), Nakamichi customized premium sound system, and integrated cellular telephone with hands-free capability were options. The LS 400 could go from 0-60 in 8.2 seconds, and the vehicle had a top speed of 149.1 mph.[10]

The LS 400 introduced the Lexus nameplate to the U.S. and worldwide markets, and won critical acclaim from the press. Wheels magazine named the LS 400 its Car of the Year and Car and Driver magazine named it to its Ten Best list for 1990. In a December 1989 comparison test, Car and Driver magazine rated the LS 400 the best flagship luxury sedan over competing vehicles from Audi, BMW, Cadillac, Infiniti, Jaguar, and Mercedes-Benz. The reviewers found the LS 400 superior in comfort, engine performance, ergonomics, ride quality, styling, and overall value.[11]

Several years after its debut, Automobile Magazine named the first generation LS one of the 24 Most Important Vehicles of the 20th Century, in recognition of the impact the vehicle had on the luxury market and the automotive industry at large. The successful launch of the LS 400 gave Japanese luxury motoring an enhanced profile, particularly in North America.

The base price for the U.S. market first generation LS 400 in 1989/1990 was $35,000 with an additional $350 destination charge in California. This initial base price undercut competitors by thousands of dollars, providing the LS 400 with a value incentive as it launched in the luxury flagship sedan market.

UCF10 II (1993)

UCF10 II LS 400.

For the 1993 model year, the refreshed LS 400 (UCF10 II) was introduced with larger brake rotors, standard passenger's side front airbags, larger wheels and tires, additional body side moldings, a revised grille, selection of colors, and numerous other upgrades. Adjustments were made to the vehicle's suspension and power steering system to improve performance. In the interior, an external temperature gauge, new digital odometer, and seatbelt pre-tensioners were added; the air conditioning system now used CFC-free refrigerant. Overall, the LS 400 received more than 50 changes, largely in response to customer and dealer requests.[10] These changes added to a number of existing improvements that were made to the LS 400 in preceding years, including added convenience and performance features.

By 1994, the LS 400's base price in the U.S. exceeded $50,000,[12] a figure that had steadily risen since the first generation vehicle's introduction. Customer demand for the vehicle and shifts in foreign exchange rates contributed to the increase in price.[5] During its production run, the first generation LS sold between 21,000 and 42,000 units annually, helping make Lexus the top-selling luxury import in the U.S.

Second generation (UCF20)

LS 400 (UCF20)
LS 400(UCF20)
LS 400(UCF20)
Overview
Production1995–2000
Powertrain
Engine4.0 L 1UZ-FE V8
Transmission4-speed automatic
5-speed automatic (UCF20 II)
Dimensions
Wheelbase112.2 in (2850 mm)
Length196.7 in (4996 mm)
Width72 in (1829 mm)
Height55.7 in (1414 mm) (UCF20)
56.5 in (1435 mm) (UCF20 II)
Curb weight3650 lb (1659 kg) (UCF20)
3890 lb (1764 kg) (UCF20 II)

UCF20 I (1995)

A redesigned second generation LS 400 (UCF20) was introduced in 1995. The UCF20 strongly resembled its predecessor, with the exterior design retaining the general profile and contours of the original LS 400. The wheelbase was increased by 1.4 in., resulting in more interior space and a slight reduction in trunk capacity, yet the overall length of the car remained the same. However, internally over ninety percent of the LS 400's components were completely new or redesigned for the new model.[13] The upgraded 4.0L V8 engine gave the LS more power and torque than before,[10] while the body design (developed by the Calty Design Research center in the U.S)[5] was more aerodynamic (Cd 0.28) than the preceding model. The UCF20 also featured increased sound insulation, a strengthened body structure, suspension upgrades, and an improved brake system with the front brakes changed to a larger, more capable design.[10]

The interior also received a redesign with a more modern dashboard layout, revised center console, additional storage spaces, rear cupholders, and new dual-zone climate control. Rear seat legroom was increased by 2.6 in, and an available in-dash CD changer was among the world's first.[13]

UCF20 II (1998)

UCF20 II LS 400.

For the 1998 model year, the revised LS 400 (UCF20 II) was introduced. The updated model featured a new 290 hp VVT-i 1UZ engine mated with a five-speed automatic transmission, allowing acceleration from 0-60 mph in 6.4 seconds while delivering an additional 30 ft-lbs. of torque. Fuel economy increased to 18 mpg city, 25 mpg highway. The UCF20 II sported a new front fascia (with an increased gap between the headlights and grille), revised headlights (with a HID option), slightly refined tail lights, five spoke alloy wheels, and reshaped side mirrors for reduced wind noise.

New interior amenities included retractable rear headrests, additional wood accents on the steering wheel and gear selector, and a GPS-linked, CD-based navigation system with a concealed antenna. The Homelink wireless control system and trip computer modernized the cabin. Adaptive cruise control was an option. The headlights were equipped with a programmable delay feature that allowed them to remain illuminated as the occupants exited the vehicle or while any door was left open or ajar. Window and sunroof controls were also added to the remote control.

New safety features included a window jam protection system to reduce the risk of possible injury. This prevented the windows from closing if an object came in between the window and the door frame. Front side air bags, traction control (TRAC), and Vehicle Skid Control, a new stability control system, were standard.

Base pricing for the UCF20 in the U.S. increased slightly from $51,680 at its 1995 debut to around $54,000 for the 1998 revised model.

Third generation (UCF30)

LS 430 (UCF30)
2002 Lexus LS 430
2002 Lexus LS 430
Overview
Production2001–2006
Powertrain
Engine4.3 L 3UZ-FE V8
Transmission5-speed automatic

6-speed automatic

(UCF30 II)
Dimensions
Wheelbase115.2 in (2926 mm)
Length197.4 in (5014 mm)
Width72.0 in (1829 mm)
Height57.9 in (1471 mm)
(UCF30 I)

58.7 in (1491 mm)
(UCF30 II)

57.7/57.9 in (I/II)
(air suspension)
Curb weight3995 lb (1812 kg)
(UCF30 I)
3990 lb (1810 kg)
(UCF30 II)

UCF30 I (2001)

For 2001, the LS 430 (UCF30 I) was introduced. While previous LS redesigns were evolutionary, the 2001 update was a more thorough revision of the model's exterior and interior. The UCF30 had a completely redesigned suspension and a new 4.3 L engine generating 290 hp (216 kW) and 320 ft•lbf (434 N•m) of torque. Lexus claimed that the LS 430 could accelerate from 0-60 mph in 5.9 seconds. The engine electronics featured new "torque-activated" powertrain control, which made throttle adjustments based on vehicle speed, engine rpm, and pedal position. A three-inch wheelbase stretch resulted in more interior volume than the competing Mercedes-Benz S-Class[14] and allowed the engine to be positioned farther rearward for better balance.

The exterior of the vehicle was completely new with the vehicle's dimensions increasing in terms of length and height. The restyled LS 430 was more aerodynamic than before (Cd 0.26; 0.25 with air suspension, making it one of the most aerodynamic sedans available), with the fenders, mirrors, and undercarriage designed for lower wind resistance. Improved production standards achieved body panel measurements within 0.001 mm for the LS 430, ten times more precise than the previous generation.

In the interior, the most notable design changes included additional woodgrain trim on the dashboard and doors as well as the addition of an LCD touchscreen on the center console. Enlarged twin glove boxes, automatic oscillating air conditioning vents, additional storage drawers, and the optional Mark Levinson customized premium sound system were new additions. The driver's seat gained dual lumbar controls and an adjustable cushion length feature for added thigh support. In the center console, a storage drawer was added, and the CD slot accessed behind a wooden panel. Laminated side glass was an option, and full front and rear side curtain airbags provided additional cabin protection.

Optional features included Dynamic Laser Cruise Control, rain-sensing windshield wipers, a DVD-based navigation system, power door and trunk closers, and heated and cooled seats. The Ultra Luxury package in the U.S. included these features along with sonar-enabled Lexus Park Assist, semi-aniline leather, power reclining rear seats with massage, and a rear cooler. Several automotive critics praised the new design as being a distinctive modern vehicle, while others criticized a perceived resemblance to the earlier Mercedes-Benz W220 S-Class, largely because of headlight styling.

In its first year of sales, the third generation Lexus LS again became the top-selling prestige vehicle in the U.S. with 31,473 units sold. The following years continued the LS 430's successful sales trend.

UCF30 II (2004)

UCF30 II LS 430.

The updated LS 430 (UCF30 II) was introduced in 2004. Lexus freshened the front and rear fascias, adding redesigned projector headlamps, LED taillights, and different wheels. The transmission received an added sixth gear, and the Adaptive Front Lighting System, which swiveled headlamps in the direction of vehicle turns, was standard. Previously optional features, such as a one-touch power moonroof, power rear sunshade, and lighted rear-seat vanity mirrors, were added as standard equipment. The Lexus Pre-Collision System, similar to Mercedes-Benz's Pre-Safe, which used millimeter-wavelength radar to predict crashes and allow distance-aware cruise control, was added as an option.

Interior updates in the UCF30 II LS 430 included the improved fourth generation Lexus navigation system, Bluetooth connectivity, and knee airbags. The twin glove boxes were replaced by a single, two-shelf glove box, and satellite radio became available. With the Lexus SmartAccess option, the updated LS could detect the key fob in the owner's pocket and unlock the doors by touch. Individual key fobs could also be programmed with driver memory settings, allowing the vehicle to prepare the cabin on the approach of a specific driver. New trim combinations included Bird's Eye Maple, California Walnut, or Antique Walnut wood accents along with cashmere, ash, ecru, and saddle leather (replacing ecru nappa and bordeaux).

Ultra Luxury rear seat controls.

The 2001-2006 LS 430 was the most reliable luxury sedan in the J.D. Power and Associates Initial Quality Survey,[15] and the early and late models of this series were the most reliable cars in the survey.[16] In later studies of defects after 3 years of ownership, the LS 430 is also at the top of the pack,[17] with the average vehicle exhibiting few or no problems. Consumer Reports in 2004 and 2005 named the LS 430 as the "Best Car We Ever Tested,"[18] highlighting its top-ranked overall score in independent testing, favorable customer reviews, and high ratings in predicted reliability, predicted depreciation, owner satisfaction, accident avoidance, crash protection, and fuel economy.

Pricing for LS 430 in the U.S. market ranged upwards from the 2004 base price of $55,750 to the over-$70,000 range when equipped with the Ultra Luxury package and other options. Most vehicles came equipped with one or more options packages, reflecting popular demand for additional comfort and convenience features.

Fourth generation (USF40 / USF41)

LS 460 / LS 460 L
(USF40 / USF41)
2007 Lexus LS460
Overview
Production2007–present
Powertrain
Engine4.6 L 1UR-FSE V8
Transmission8-speed automatic
Dimensions
WheelbaseSWB - 116.9 in (2969 mm)
LWB - 121.7 in (3091 mm)
LengthSWB - 198 in (5029 mm)
LWB - 202.8 in (5151 mm)
Width73.8 in (1875 mm)
Height58.1 in (1476 mm) 57.7 in (1466 mm)
(air suspension)
Curb weight4244 lb (1925 kg)
(USF40)
4332 lb (1964 kg)
(USF41)

USF40 / USF41 (2007)

Introduced at the 2006 North American International Auto Show, the redesigned 2007 LS is the first Lexus model offered in both standard and long wheelbase versions. The LS 460 (USF40) uses the standard 116.9 in. (2969 mm) wheelbase, while the LS 460 L (USF41) features a stretched 121.7 in. (3091 mm) wheelbase. Based on the LF-Sh concept vehicle and using an all-new platform, the LS 460 and LS 460 L feature a new 4.6 L V8 producing 380 hp (283 kW) and 367 ft•lbf (498 N•m) of torque. The new LS also contains the world's first 8-speed automatic transmission. The car's complex electronic and safety systems were shown in further detail at the Geneva Motor Show in February 2006, while an all-wheel drive hybrid version, the LS 600h L, made its debut at the New York Auto Show in April 2006. A standard wheelbase hybrid model, the LS 600h, will be available in Japan and Europe, and all-wheel drive versions of the non-hybrid LS 460 are also expected.[19] Lexus refers to the multiple variants of the 2007 LS design as the new LS Series.[20]

The LS Series is the first generation of the LS to receive the styling cues of Lexus' new design direction, L-finesse. Hallmarks of this design include sweeping lines, a grille set slightly below the level of the headlamps, and a sleek overall profile. Additional details of the design include headlamps inspired by Baccarat crystal,[21] chrome exhaust vents integrated into the rear bumper, and "L"/"S" curve shapes.

High-tech options on the LS Series include a 19-speaker Mark Levinson Reference Surround Sound System with a 30 GB hard drive (including space for 2,000 songs), HDD navigation system with XM NavTraffic and dynamic rerouting (for the U.S., and a similar system in Japan), Bluetooth, Lexus Intuitive Park Assist (a sonar based alert and guidance system), and a backup camera. The Dual-Swivel Adaptive Front Lighting System, SmartAccess with push-button start, electroluminescent Optitron instrument panel with thin-film transistor multi-information display, auxiliary mp3 player input, and a direct-type 5-position Tire Pressure Monitoring System are standard.[20] A 24-hour concierge/emergency aid service, Lexus Link, is offered in North America.

One notable technological feature of the new LS Series is the Advanced Parking Guidance System, which can parallel-park or reverse-park the car into a preselected space with minimal brake input at the push of a button.[22] This system (known as Intelligent Park Assist in Europe) is claimed to be the world's first applied in luxury cars.[23] Other new technological features include Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, which can accelerate and brake while monitoring traffic, a Brake Hold button, which prevents creeping forward motion when the driver's foot is off the brake pedal, and the Automatic Parking Brake, which can engage the parking brake simultaneously whenever the transmission is shifted to Park.

Executive Class rear seats.

Comfort and convenience features on the new LS include front and rear heated/cooled seats, a 16-way adjustable driver seat, up to five powered rear sunshades, power reclining memory rear seats, a rear cool box for storage of cold drinks, and multiple climate control systems, including ceiling air diffusers, air purification systems, and four-zone climate control with infrared body temperature sensors. A special-order Executive Class Four-Seat Package on long wheelbase LS models features a rear seat DVD entertainment system with ceiling fold-down LCD screen, fixed center console with a swivel tray table, passenger-side reclining rear seat with ottoman, and the Rear Seat Relaxation System, which offers shiatsu or shoulder massages.

In Europe and Asia, the Rear Seat Upgrade Package for the LS 460 includes all of the Executive package features save the ottoman and fixed console. Japanese market LS sedans also include MiniDisc compatibility, television reception, onboard security surveillance cameras, remote cellphone access to vehicle systems, and G-Link, a 24-hour concierge/emergency aid service (similar to the U.S. Lexus Link). An ionic air purifier is available internationally. Additional individual and package options are available across the entire range of the LS Series.[24]

Safety features on the LS Series include multiple airbags, standard stability/traction control systems (with disable button),[25] anti-lock brakes, and additional emergency assist features. Newly developed safety features making their world premiere on the LS Series include the Driver Monitoring System and the Front and Rear Pre-Crash capabilities of the Lexus Pre-Collision System (see following). These systems include facial recognition, infrared night-vision, and pedestrian detection capabilities.

Global launch

The 2007 LS Series went on sale in Japan on September 19, 2006. It was the first time the car was sold under the Lexus marque in Japan, and marked the next phase of Lexus' launch as a global luxury brand. The LS Series arrived for sale in the United States on October 20, 2006. Sales of the LS 460 began in Europe in late 2006. In early 2007, the LS Series reached the Middle East and other Asian countries. The LS Series will be offered in Australia by mid-2007.

File:Oprah Lexus.jpg
The Advanced Parking Guidance System on "Oprah."

The fourth generation LS received significant media attention at its global launch. Automobile Magazine called the LS Series "a new benchmark for the category" of luxury flagship sedans.[26] Edmunds.com described the standard wheelbase model (which carries a U.S. base price of $61,000)[22] as having an interior of "perfection" while "not yet" an equal to its rivals in driving dynamics,[27] and later praised the LS 460 L for its performance, "beautifully controlled" air suspension, "phenomenal" powertrain, and build quality.[28] The Advanced Parking Guidance System was featured on news programs such as ABC's World News with Charles Gibson and Good Morning America in the U.S., international cable news networks, popular talk shows such as The Oprah Winfrey Show, and numerous print publications and automotive news sites around the world.

One year after its press debut, the LS Series was named 2007 Car of the Year and Luxury Car of the Year at the 2007 North American International Auto Show's International Car of the Year (ICOTY) awards, selected by industry leaders and media. At the 2007 New York International Auto Show, the LS 460 received the prominent World Car of the Year (WCOTY) award for the planet's best automobile.[29] The technology and safety features of the LS Series also received multiple awards in North America, Europe, and elsewhere internationally.

LS 460 L

The long wheelbase LS 460 L.

The long wheelbase LS 460 L, the ultra-luxury version of the latest Lexus LS, was the centerpiece of the LS Series debut at the 2006 North American International Auto Show. The LS 460 L sports an added 4.8 inches of length, affording passengers a more capacious rear compartment, and adds more luxury and performance features. Exterior-wise, the LS 460 L has a similar profile as the LS 460, with identical overhangs in both front and rear; the rear passenger doors are noticeably longer in the stretched model. Standard amenities include a power open/close trunk, heated steering wheel, backup camera, navigation system, XM NavTraffic in the U.S., Bluetooth, semi-aniline leather interior, and heated/cooled power memory rear seats.[20] Performance-wise, the LS 460 L offers theVariable Gear Ratio Steering and the Adaptive Variable Air Suspension upgrades. Compared to the standard wheelbase LS 460, the LS 460 L adds up to 250 lbs. of weight while still matching the 0-60 acceleration of its lighter stablemate,[28] listed at 5.4 seconds.[20] These performance figures make the LS Series the fastest vehicles in the luxury flagship sedan class.

As the first long wheelbase model for Lexus, the "L" version competes with the stretched wheelbase offerings of European competitors. Lexus estimates that thirty percent of total LS sales in North America will come from the LS 460 L, and abroad the stretched LS has been used to heighten the profile of Lexus as a premium luxury brand. In North American, Asian, and Middle Eastern markets, the LS 460 L with the limousine-like Executive Class Four-Seat Package (see previous) is geared towards chauffered customers who use the full-equipped massaging rear seats for work and relaxation. On the five-passenger LS 460 L, standard luxury features includes . Options on the five-passenger LS 460 L include a four-zone climate control with air filter, rear seat air purifier and audio controls, a cool box, five power sunshades. A headliner made out of ecsaine, a suede-like material used by couturier Yves Saint-Laurent (optioned in some Lexus markets as alcantara), is optional[30]

The U.S. base price for the 2007 LS 460 L is $71,000.[20] However, most models are sold with several options packages; from 2006-2007, the average price paid for a LS 460 L in the U.S. was $81,988, putting the LS on par with its Audi, BMW, and Jaguar rivals on price for the first time.[31]

LS 600h / LS 600h L

LS 600h L hybrid sedan.

Lexus introduced the LS 600h L, the world's first V8-powered full hybrid, at the 2006 New York Auto Show. The long wheelbase LS 600h L is equipped with Lexus Hybrid Drive, featuring a 5.0 L V8 engine mated to a high-output electric motor with nickel-metal hydride battery packs. This system generates an output of 438 hp (327 kW), comparable to V12 sedans such as the BMW 760Li (which also produces 438 hp). The LS hybrid is equipped with all-wheel drive and a two-stage continuously variable (CVT) transmission, and achieves an environmentally-friendly SULEV vehicle rating. Because of the silent nature of its hybrid design, the LS hybrid may be the quietest sedan in the world.[32] A standard wheelbase version destined for Asia and Europe, the LS 600h, was unveiled in Japan in April 2006.

The LS 600h and LS 600h L are positioned as the halo vehicles of the LS Series, and are equipped with the highest levels of technology and ultra-luxury features ever offered on the Lexus flagship.[32] In addition to BMW 760Li, the LS 600h L will compete with the range-topping Mercedes-Benz V12 S-Class models (e.g. S 600), whose prices exceed $120,000. After its press debut, the LS 600h L's price was speculated to be higher than any previous Lexus,[33] and on April 6, 2007, Lexus announced that the U.S. base price for the LS 600h L would be $104,750.[34] With a price reaching six figures, the LS 600h L elevates Lexus into the ultra-luxury stratum for the first time.

Features exclusive to the LS hybrids include one of the world's first LED headlight systems, a leather-trimmed dash, two-tone leather, additional wood trim, and Multi-Zone Climate Control with infrared body temperature sensors monitoring eight zones. The optional Active Stabilizer Control system for the air suspension also debuts with the LS 600h L. A unique Black Opal exterior color and differently-hued trunk "600h", "hybrid", and Lexus emblems further distinguish the LS hybrids. The standard SmartAccess key fob can also be substituted with a SmartAccess wallet-sized "smart card"; at just 3.35 millimeters thick, the "smart card" is the world's thinnest automobile smart key.[35]

For 2007, Lexus announced the LS 600h L Launch Edition for the first 100 LS hybrids sold in the U.S. This individually-numbered vehicle was available only through the Neiman Marcus catalog for InCircle members.[36] By March 2007, the initial allocation of LS hybrids in the U.S. was nearly sold out, with 1,850 preorders placed months before debut.

Advanced safety systems

The LS Series incorporates multiple active and passive safety features, including several systems which are being implemented for the first time on production vehicles. The comprehensive active safety feature on the LS Series, the Lexus Pre-Collision System (PCS), utilizes millimeter-wavelength radar, stereo cameras, and infrared night vision projectors to prevent accidents. In most markets, PCS includes an obstacle detection and warning system with the world's first automotive implementation[37] of an image processing chip capable of identifying vehicles, pedestrians, and lane markers in real time.[38] PCS features the available Driver Monitoring and Lane Keeping Assist systems, Emergency Steering Assist, and the frontal and rear Pre-Crash response systems:

The Lexus Driver Monitoring System.
  • The Driver Monitoring System is the world's first to use a facial recognition camera (placed on the steering column) to track driver attentiveness.[39] Using infrared LED detectors, this system will respond if a collision is imminent and the driver not paying attention (a warning alarm will sound followed by a brief automatic application of the braking system).[40]
  • The Lane Keeping Assist feature includes the Lane Departure Warning (LDW) and Lane Keep (LK) systems. When activated, the LDW system will issue an audiovisual warning and apply a brief corrective steering response when veering motion is detected. The LK system (activated only when the adaptive cruise control is engaged) will actively provide continued steering inputs to return the LS to its proper lane.[40]
  • The Emergency Steering Assist system acts to minimize body roll and improve vehicle responsiveness in sudden maneuvers. This system reduces the steering gear ratio and prompts the suspension to adopt stiffer settings,[40] helping make emergency maneuvers more stable and controlled.
  • The Frontal Pre-Crash system will activate a warning buzzer and red dash lights to alert the driver if a potential hazard is detected in the vehicle's path. Furthermore, if the system detects a potential collision, the Emergency Steering Assist and brake assist systems will activate, increasing effectiveness in emergency maneuvers and stopping. If a collision is determined to be unavoidable, the seatbelt pretensioners will activate, and the brakes will automatically engage to slow the vehicle.[40]
LS 460 Pre-Crash Intelligent Headrest system.
  • The Rear Pre-Crash system, the world's first active rear collision safety feature,[41] utilizes trunk-mounted obstacle detection and warning systems. If a rear collision is deemed unavoidable, sensor-equipped Pre-Crash Intelligent Headrests in the front seats will adjust position upwards (up to 25 mm) and forwards (up to 60 mm) to cradle the head during impact,[40] reducing the risk of whiplash.

All LS sedans feature Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) as standard. VDIM is a stability/traction control system which incorporates electrically controlled braking, electric brake force distribution, Vehicle Stability Control, and also the available Adaptive Variable Suspension and Variable Gear Ratio Steering systems.[42] VDIM integrates these systems to improve vehicle responsiveness to driver input and prevent loss of control. Additional standard active safety features on the LS Series include electronically controlled braking (ECB), anti-lock brakes (ABS), and traction control (TRAC).

Passive safety features include eight standard airbags,[43] passenger detection systems, front and rear crumple zones, three-point seatbelts with pre-tensioners and force limiters, and a reinforced steel body.[44] Dual-stage driver and twin-chambered front passenger airbags, full-length side curtain airbags, front knee airbags, and Thorax-Abdomen-Pelvis (TAP) airbags are installed on the LS Series.[40] On vehicles with upgraded rear seats, up to eleven airbags are installed.

In specific countries, different safety features are available depending on the national safety regulations and liability standards. In the U.S., the inclusion of the rear Pre-Crash system is pending FCC regulatory approval.[45] In the U.S. market, the driver monitoring capability will debut on the LS 600h L sedan.[32]

USF40 / USF41 variants

Different models based on the standard (USF40) and long wheelbase (USF41) platforms are available worldwide. Currently, rear-wheel drive is only offered with the 4.6L petrol V8, and all-wheel drive is featured only with the 5.0L hybrid V8. Some markets receive a modified 4.6L V8 engine without direct injection.

Lexus LS series
Model no. Year Drivetrain Transmission Engine type Engine code Region
LS 460 2007-present RWD 8-speed
automatic		 4.6L petrol V8 1UR-FSE U.S., Canada, Japan, Asia, Europe, Africa
1UR-FE Middle East
LS 460 L 2007-present RWD 8-speed
automatic		 4.6L petrol V8 1UR-FSE U.S., Canada, Japan, Asia, Europe, Africa
1UR-FE Middle East
LS 600h 2008-present AWD CVT 5.0L hybrid V8 2UR-FSXE Japan, Europe
LS 600h L 2008-present AWD CVT 5.0L hybrid V8 2UR-FSXE U.S., Canada, Japan

Awards

Further information: [[:Lexus LS awards list]]
The Lexus LS is one of the most honored vehicles in J.D. Power history.

In the eighteen years since its debut, the Lexus LS has received numerous awards. These accolades encompass many facets of automotive achievement, including the following categories:

  • Reliability and overall quality. The Lexus LS has won the J.D. Power award for "Best High-end Luxury Sedan" 12 years in a row, the most for any manufacturer, in J.D Power's long-term Vehicle Dependability Study.[46] The Lexus LS has also held the title of highest-ranked luxury sedan in J.D. Power's Initial Quality Survey for 10 consecutive years. In 2006, Consumer Reports awarded the Lexus LS a repeat ranking as the highest rated vehicle in reliability in the luxury car class.[47]
  • Safety and security. In 2007, German automotive publication Auto Bild feted the LS 460's advanced Pre-Collision system with its 2007 Innovation Prize,[48] and found that its active safety features surpassed those of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. In 2005 Kiplinger's named the LS 430 as "Best in Safety for Cars $40,000 and Over." In 2001, national automotive insurance research centre Thatcham awarded the Lexus LS with its only 5-star ratings for theft-deterrent capabilities.[49]
  • Advanced technology. Automotive research firm TRG declared that the 2007 LS Series offered the most advanced technological features of any vehicle in the North American market, surpassing all competition.[50] In past years, Popular Mechanics has awarded the Lexus LS with its Automotive Excellence award, and Popular Science has also given the LS its Design and Engineering award. In 2006, CNET.com named the Lexus LS 460 L its "Tech Car of the Year", citing its host of world's first technologies.
  • Best-in-class features. Edmunds.com lauded the LS 430's Mark Levinson premium sound system as the "Best Sound System in Cars Over $30,000" in consecutive top 10 lists in 2002, 2004, and 2005.[51] Ward's Auto named the LS 400's V8 engine to its 10 Best Engines awards lists in 1998, 1999, and 2000. In its 2002 luxury sedan comparison test, Automotive Marketing Consultants, Inc. (AMCI) found that the Lexus LS had the quietest cabin of any luxury car in the world, with an idle reading of just 31.1 dB in the front seat.[52]
  • Value and loyalty. Kelley Blue Book gave the Lexus LS its Best to Hold Value Award in 2001, 2002, and 2003. The LS is also a repeated Intellichoice Best Overall Value awardee in the luxury class, and was R. L. Polk & Co.'s Polk Automotive Loyalty Award recipient from 2001 through 2005 for customer retention.

Notable owners

Lexus LS owners include CEOs and business executives such as Microsoft's Bill Gates (1990 LS 400 in burgundy, later donated to the Pacific Crest Outward Bound School in Portland, Oregon), Ford CEO Alan Mulally (called his LS 430 the "finest car in the world"[53]), Bloomberg's Michael Bloomberg (gray LS 430), Samsung's corporate leadership (seven 2005 LS 430 sedans), and Creative Technology CEO Sim Wong Hoo (LS 430 owner for three years, later donated as grand prize of a Creative 25th anniversary promotion drive[54]).

Technical specifications

Lexus LS model year
1990–1994 1995–1997 1998–2000 2001–2006 2007- 2008-
Engine 4.0L V8 4.0L V8 4.0L V8 4.3L V8 4.6L V8 5.0L V8 hybrid
Gears 4 4 5 5–6 8 CVT
Power 173 kW (250 hp) 186 kW (260 hp) 214 kW (290 hp) 214 kW (290 hp) 283 kW (380 hp) 327 kW (438 hp)
Torque 353 Nm (260 ft•lbf) @4400 rpm 366 Nm (270 ft•lbf) @4500 rpm 407 Nm (300 ft•lbf) @4000rpm 434 Nm (320 ft•lbf) @3400 rpm 498 Nm (367 ft•lbf) @4100rpm N/A

References

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  2. ^ Palmer, Beth (2006-02-11). "Finding and Keeping a Reliable Luxury Car" (HTML). Cars.com. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  4. ^ a b Mahler, Jonathan. The Lexus Story: The Behind the Scenes Story of the #1 Automotive Luxury Brand in America. 2004: DK Melcher Media.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dawson, Chester. Lexus: The Relentless Pursuit. 2004: Jon Wiley & Sons, NJ.
  6. ^ Brown, David (2001-06-19). "David Brown Motoring - Lexus LS 430" (HTML). ABC New South Wales. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  7. ^ Press, Jim (2006-01-09). "Lexus News Conference - 2006 North American International Auto Show" (HTML). Lexus. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  8. ^ Tierney, Christine (2004-02-22). "Robot-filled Tahara sets standard for Toyota, world" (HTML). Detroit News. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  11. ^ Bedard, Patrick. Comparison Test: Showdown Car & Driver, Vol. 35, Issue 6, December 1989
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  13. ^ a b "Improving on near perfection" (HTML). WREG-TV Memphis. 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-01.
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  15. ^ Jensen, Cheryl (2006-8-16). "For long-term car dependability, check the initial quality" (HTML). The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-04-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  23. ^ "Toyota Strengthens Efforts to Develop Safe Vehicles" (HTML). Toyota. 2006-08-25. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  24. ^ Toepke, Kelly (2006-08-15). "First Drive: 2007 Lexus LS 460" (HTML). Edmunds.com. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  25. ^ Neff, John (2006-08-28). "World's First Lexus LS 460 Gets Loose" (HTML). Autoblog. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  26. ^ Cumberford, Robert (2006). "LS 460 exceeds and provides a new benchmark for S-Class and 7-Series" (HTML). Automobile. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  27. ^ Brown, Greg (2006-10-19). "LS, not yet an equal to S-Class and 7-Series?". Retrieved 2006-10-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ a b Riches, Erin (2007-01-31). "LS 460 L Follow-Up Test, the Sleeper Phenomenon". Retrieved 2007-03-05. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "Lexus LS 460 - 2007 World Car of the Year" (HTML). World Car of the Year. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  33. ^ Welch, David (2006-01-09). "A Lexus Aimed at Mercedes' S-Class" (HTML). BusinessWeek. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  34. ^ "Lexus Announces Pricing for All-New LS 600h L Luxury Hybrid Sedan" (HTML). Lexus. 2007-04-06. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  41. ^ Kageyama, Yuri (2007-02-11). "Rear collision warnings part of Toyota's safety features" (HTML). Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  46. ^ "Lexus leads nameplate rankings for 12 years in a row" (HTML). Stoney Creek News. 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2007-04-08.
  47. ^ Palmer, Beth (2006-02-22). "Finding and Keeping a Reliable Luxury Car" (HTML). Retrieved 2007-04-08.
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  49. ^ "5-star elite of car security" (HTML). Norwich Union Risk Services. 2004-02-14. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
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  52. ^ "AMCI Declares Lexus LS 430 `Finest Luxury Sedan in America`" (HTML). Autochannel. 2007-04-08. Retrieved 2002-11-02.
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  54. ^ "Creative 25th Anniversary Lucky Draw Offers Sim Wong Hoo's Lexus LS 430 as the Grand Prize". Creative Technology Ltd. 2006-11-21.
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