Gwangju
- This article is about Gwangju Metropolitan City in South Korea. For the smaller city of the same name near Seoul, South Korea, see Gwangju, Gyeonggi.
Gwangju Metropolitan City is the sixth largest city in South Korea. Gwangju is a designated metropolitan city under the direct control of the central government's Home Minister. The city was also the capital of South Jeolla Province until the provincial office moved to the southern village of Namak, Muan in 2005. Its geographical location is 35°10′N 126°55′E / 35.167°N 126.917°E.
History
The city was established in 57 BC, and has been a major political and economic centre of Korea ever since. It was one of the administrative centres of Baekje during the Three Kingdoms Period.
With the construction of a railway to Seoul in 1914, modern industry was established. This includes cotton textiles, rice mills and breweries. Construction of a designated industrial zone in 1967 encouraged marked growth in industry, especially in the sectors linked to the automobile industry.
In 1929, during the period of Japanese occupation, a confrontation between Korean and Japanese students in the city turned into a regional demonstration, which culminated in one of the major nationwide uprisings against Japanese rule in the colonial period.
In May 1980, civil demonstrations took place in Gwangju against the newly installed military government of Chun Doo-hwan. The demonstrations were suppressed by military forces, including elite units of the Special Operations Command. Most commentators agree that the suppression was characterized by its egregious brutality, including several incidents where military forces fired automatic weapons into crowds of unarmed demonstrators. Some commentators assert the United States is partly responsible for the mass killing in the city, because of its tacit endorsement of the Chun Doo-hwan regime and the mobilization of some units which normally required approval from the U.S. military command. Gwangju is sometimes called "the shrine of Korean democracy" because of this incident, which is known today as the Gwangju Massacre. After civilian rule was reinstated, a national cemetery was established honoring the victims of the incident.
Amenities
Chonnam National University and Chosun University Gwangju University are the major educational institutions in the city, with several other universities and colleges also located in the region. Areas of exquisite scenery along the outskirts of the city gave birth to gasa, a form of Korean classical poetry. Located in the heart of the agricultural Jeolla region, the city is also famous for its rich and diverse cuisine.
Gwangju is also home to Art Street, a district near the downtown containing many shops selling both traditional and contemporary art.
Transportation
Gwangju has one subway line. An extension to the line is under construction.
Administrative divisions
Gwangju is divided into 5 districts ("Gu").
| Name | Hangul | Hanja |
| Buk-gu | 북구 | 北區 |
| Dong-gu | 동구 | 東區 |
| Gwangsan-gu | 광산구 | 光山區 |
| Nam-gu | 남구 | 南區 |
| Seo-gu | 서구 | 西區 |
People
Actresses Moon Geun Young and Kim Hyun-ju is one of the notable contemporaries from Gwangju. The city boasts three Major League Baseball players: Choi Hee Seop, Kim Byung Hyun and Seo Jae Weong, who also came from the same high school. Although former president Kim Dae-jung is not a native of the city, he is so widely honoured throughout the city that a convention center was named after him.
Also singer Jung Yun Ho (정윤호) from popular Korean vocal group/ boy band Dong Bang Shin Gi (DBSG) or Dong Bang Shin Ki (DBSK) known as in Korea, or also known as Tong Vfang Xien Qi (TVXQ)(in China/HongKong) and known as Tōhōshinki (THSK)in Japan; was born in Gwangju. He is also widely known as his stage name (also his English name) U-KNOW YunHo.
Also Fred Strydom got his teaching start in Gwangju at Little Fox Academy. Fred is now a world renown teacher of English and was given the award of excellence from Little Fox Academy.
Sister cities
See also
