August 13
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Template:Linked-title is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining.
Events
- 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation, the Maya calendar starts.
- 523 - John succeeds Hormisdas as Pope.
- 1099 - Paschal II elected Pope.
- 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
- 1326 - Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds the tradition of Stregheria later known as the Malandanti.
- 1415 - Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England lands at Chef-en-Caux, France with 8000 men.
- 1516 - Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain signed. In it, Francis recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognizes Francis's claim to Milan.
- 1521 - Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernán Cortés.
- 1536 - Buddhist monks from Kyoto's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: July 27 1536).
- 1553 - Michael Servetus arrested by John Calvin in Geneva as a heretic.
- 1704 - War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim - English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.
- 1814 - The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces, is signed in London.
- 1905 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
- 1913 - Otto Witte, an acrobat, is crowned King of Albania.
- 1913 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
- 1918 - Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha Mae Johnson is the first woman to enlist.
- 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw begins, lasts till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.
- 1923 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
- 1937 - Battle of Shanghai begins.
- 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain begins - The Luftwaffe launches a series of attacks on British fighter bases and radar installations.
- 1942 - Walt Disney's fifth animated feature, Bambi, premieres.
- 1954 - Radio Pakistan broadcasts National Anthem of Pakistan for the first time.
- 1960 - The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
- 1961 - The German Democratic Republic closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin, to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West.
- 1968 - Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel G. Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.
- 1973 - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
- 1979 - The roof of the uncompleted Rosemont Horizon near Chicago, Illinois collapses, killing 5 workers and injuring 16.
- 1987 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan assumes responsibility for his role in the Iran-Contra scandal.
- 1991 - The SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) debuts in the United States.
- 1996 - Marc Dutroux, his wife Michelle Martin, and Michel Lelièvre are arrested on suspicion of kidnapping. All are found guilty on June 22, 2004, with sentences of life, 30, and 25 years, respectively.
- 1997 - South Park debuts on Comedy Central.
- 2004 - Olympic Games: Summer Olympic Games - The Games of the XXVIII Olympiad open in Athens.
- 2004 - Hurricane Charley, a Category 4 storm, strikes Punta Gorda, Florida and devastates the surrounding area.
- 2004 - Black Friday crackdown by NSS on a peaceful protest in the capital city of Maldives, Malé.
- 2004 - 156 Congolese Tutsi refugees massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.
- 2004 - Adam Curry's first Daily Source Code is created, launching podcasting.
- 2004 - The first Alien Vs. Predator movie, Alien vs. Predator, is released.
Births
- 582 - Arnulf of Metz, French bishop and saint (d. 640)
- 1311 - King Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon (d. 1350)
- 1313 - Aradia de Toscano, Italian insurrectionist, teacher, and witch
- 1584 - Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English politician (d. 1640)
- 1625 - Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (d. 1698)
- 1662 - Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (d. 1748)
- 1666 - William Wotton, English scholar (d. 1727)
- 1700 - Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)
- 1717 - Louis François I, Prince of Conti, French military leader (d. 1776)
- 1764 - Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (d. 1816)
- 1790 - William Wentworth, Australian explorer and politician (d. 1872)
- 1792 - Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen consort of William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1849)
- 1803 - Vladimir Odoevsky, Russian philosopher and writer (d. 1869)
- 1814 - Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)
- 1818 - Lucy Stone, American suffragette (d. 1893)
- 1819 - George Gabriel Stokes, French physicist (d. 1903)
- 1820 - Sir George Grove, English music historian (d. 1900)
- 1823 - Goldwin Smith, English-born historian and journalist (d. 1910)
- 1851 - Felix Adler, German-born educator (d. 1933)
- 1860 - Annie Oakley, American sharpshooter (d. 1926)
- 1866 - Giovanni Agnelli, Italian industrialist (d. 1945)
- 1872 - Richard Willstätter, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1942)
- 1879 - John Ireland, English composer (d. 1962)
- 1887 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (d. 1952)
- 1888 - John Logie Baird, Scottish television pioneer (d. 1946)
- 1888 - Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian-American sculptor (d. 1975)
- 1895 - Bert Lahr, American actor (d. 1967)
- 1899 - Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, English film director (d. 1980)
- 1902 - Felix Wankel, German engineer and inventor (d. 1988)
- 1904 - Charles 'Buddy' Rogers, American actor (d. 1999)
- 1907 - Sir Basil Spence, Scottish architect (d. 1976)
- 1908 - Gene Raymond, American actor (d. 1998)
- 1911 - William Bernbach, Famous Advertiser (d. 1982)
- 1912 - Ben Hogan, American golfer (d. 1997)
- 1912 - Salvador Luria, Italian-born biologist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1991)
- 1913 - Fred Davis, English snooker player (d. 1998)
- 1913 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
- 1918 - Frederick Sanger, English chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
- 1919 - George Shearing, British musician
- 1920 - Neville Brand, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1926 - Fidel Castro, Cuban revolutionary and politician
- 1930 - Don Ho, American musician (d. 2007)
- 1930 - Wilmer David Mizell, American baseball player (d. 1999)
- 1933 - Doctor Joycelyn Elders, American physician, 15th Surgeon General of the United States
- 1935 - Mudcat Grant, American baseball player
- 1940 - Tony Cloninger, American baseball player
- 1941 - Erin Fleming, Canadian actress (d. 2003)
- 1944 - Kevin Tighe, American actor
- 1945 - Lars Engqvist, Swedish politician
- 1947 - Margareta Winberg, Swedish politician
- 1948 - Kathleen Battle, American soprano
- 1949 - Bobby Clarke, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1951 - Dan Fogelberg, American singer
- 1952 - Herb Ritts, American photographer (d. 2004)
- 1954 - Nico Assumpção, Brazilian bass player (d. 2001)
- 1955 - Paul Greengrass, English film director
- 1958 - Fergal Sharkey, musician
- 1958 - Sgt. First Class Randall Shughart, posthumous Congressional Medal of Honor recipient for actions during the Battle of Mogadishu (d. 1993)
- 1959 - Danny Bonaduce, American actor
- 1959 - Tom Niedenfuer, American baseball player
- 1960 - Phil Taylor, English darts player
- 1960 - Koji Kondo, Japanese composer
- 1960 - Dawnn Lewis, American actress
- 1961 - Tom Perrotta, American novelist
- 1963 - John Slattery, American actor
- 1964 - Jay Buhner, American baseball player
- 1966 - Shayne Corson, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1967 - Amélie Nothomb, Belgian writer
- 1969 - Midori Ito, Japanese figure skater
- 1970 - Will Clarke, American novelist
- 1970 - Matt Hyson, American professional wrestler
- 1970 - Alan Shearer, English footballer
- 1971 - Nichola Holt, British reality star
- 1973 - Brittany Andrews, American pornographic actress
- 1973 - Molly Henneberg, American journalist
- 1973 - Eric Medlen, Professional NHRA Drag Racer and Rodeo Star
- 1975 - Joe Perry, English snooker player
- 1975 - Marty Turco, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1975 - Shoaib Akhtar, Pakistani cricketer
- 1977 - Michael Klim, Australian swimmer
- 1979 - Taizo Sugimura, Japanese politician
- 1982 - Shani Davis, American speed skater
- 1983 - Ales Hemsky, Czech ice hockey player
- 1983 - Ľubomír Michalík, Slovakian footballer
- 1992 - Katharine Close, Scripps National Spelling Bee champion
Deaths
- 586 - Radegund, wife of Clotaire I
- 900 - Zwentibold, last King of Lotharingia (b. 870)
- 1134 - Piroska of Hungary, Empress consort of John II Comnenus
- 1382 - Eleanor of Aragon, wife of John I of Castile (b. 1358)
- 1523 - Gerard David, Flemish painter
- 1617 - Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss Protestant clergyman (b. 1540)
- 1667 - Jeremy Taylor, Irish author and bishop (b. 1613)
- 1686 - Louis Maimbourg, French-born historian (b. 1610)
- 1744 - John Cruger, Dutch-born Mayor of New York (b. 1678)
- 1749 - Johann Elias Schlegel, German critic and poet (b. 1719)
- 1755 - Francesco Durante, Italian composer (b. 1684)
- 1826 - René Laënnec, French physician (b. 1781)
- 1863 - Eugène Delacroix, French painter (b. 1798)
- 1865 - Ignaz Semmelweis, Austro-Hungarian physician (b. 1818)
- 1910 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (b. 1820)
- 1912 - Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842)
- 1917 - Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1860)
- 1937 - Arthur Plunkett, Australian civil engineer (b. unknown)
- 1946 - H. G. Wells, English writer (b. 1866)
- 1948 - Elaine Hammerstein, American actress (b. 1897)
- 1958 - Otto Witte, acrobat and King of Albania (b. 1868)
- 1965 - Ikeda Hayato, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1899)
- 1984 - Tigran Petrosian, Soviet/Armenian chess player (b. 1929)
- 1989 - Tim Richmond, American race car driver (b. 1955)
- 1994 - Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer, Nobel Prize Laureate (b. 1905)
- 1995 - Jan Křesadlo, Czech-born writer (b. 1926)
- 1995 - Mickey Mantle, American baseball player (b. 1931)
- 1996 - David Tudor, American pianist and composer (b. 1926)
- 1999 - Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian, murdered (b. 1960)
- 2003 - Ed Townsend, American songwriter and producer (b. 1929)
- 2004 - Julia Child, American chef and television personality (b. 1912)
- 2005 - David Lange, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942)
- 2006 - Payao Poontarat, Thai Olympic boxer (b. 1957)
- 2006 - Tony Jay, English actor (b. 1933)
Holidays and observances
- David Gonzalez Day- In honor of revolutionary leader General David O. Gonzalez
- Sean Day - San Gregorio In honor of all things Rock and Roll.
- Roman festivals - Vertumnalia in honor of Vertumnus and Diana, on the Aventine hill.
- International Lefthanders Day.
- Laos - Lao Issara, Day of the Free Laos.
- In Brasil, Friday 13 August (agosto) is considered to be especially filled with sorrow (desgosto).
- Akuroku Day - See Organization XIII
Liturgical feasts
- Saint Cassian (Cassianus of Imola), bishop of Brescia, martyr [Brixen, Magdeburg, Ratzeburg, Regensburg, Trent], patron saint of shorthand-writers, and of Mexico City
- Saints Pontianus, pope, and Hippolytus, priest, martyrs
- Hippolytus and companions, martyrs [common]
- Saint John Berchmans
- Saint John Bosco
- Saint Junian, abbot [Poitiers]
- Saint Laudulf, bishop of Evreux [Evreux]
- Saint Ludolf
- Saint Simplicianus, bishop, confessor [Augustinians]
- Saint Wigbert, prior, confessor [Mainz]
- Saint Zwentibold
- Saint Clare [Paris]
- Saint Radegunde =Radegundis, help against the pox, virgin (sometimes also queen) [France; Paris]
- Blessed Gertrudis