i-Space (Chinese company)
 | |
| Company type | Private |
|---|---|
| Industry | aerospace |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Headquarters | , China |
| Products | Launch service provider |
| Website | www |
i-Space[1] (Chinese: 星际荣耀; pinyin: xīngjì róngyào; lit. 'Interstellar Glory'; also known as Space Honor,[2] Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology Ltd.,[3] Interstellar Glory[4] or StarCraft Glory[5]) is a Chinese private space technology development and space launch company based in Beijing, founded in October 2016.
The company is developing two-stage small satellite orbital launchers based on solid propellant rocket engines procured from major Chinese government supplier China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CAST).[5]
In July 2019, i-Space successfully launched the Hyperbola-1 and reached low Earth orbit on its maiden flight, becoming the first private company from China to achieve orbit.[6] The company's next three orbital launch attempts (two in 2021 and one in 2022) using the same launch vehicle all ended in failure.[7][8] But a return to success in orbital launches with the Hyperbola-1 followed in 2023 when the company conducted a successful test launch with no payload in April of that year and continued with a December 2023 launch that placed the DEAR-1 satellite in an SSO orbit.[9][10][11]
History
[edit]The company was founded in 2016.[citation needed]
By 2019, i-Space had successfully launched the Hyperbola-1S and Hyperbola-1Z single-stage solid-propellant test rockets into space on suborbital test flights,[2][12] and then reached low Earth orbit with Hyperbola-1 on its maiden flight on 25 July 2019, becoming the first private company from China to have achieved orbit.[6]
The company raised US$173 million in private capital in a series B round during 2020.[13]
Rockets
[edit]Suborbital rockets: Hyperbola-1S and Hyperbola-1Z
[edit]The Hyperbola-1S (also called SQX-1S),[14] and the Hyperbola-1Z (also called SQX-1Z),[15] are single stage, solid-propellant suborbital test rockets. The Hyperbola-1S rocket was 8.4 m (28 ft) long, with a diameter of 1 m (3 ft 3 in) and weighed 4.6 t (5.1 tons). The Hyperbola-1Z rocket has a diameter of about 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in), maximum design speed of 1.6 km/s (0.99 mi/s) and can reach altitude of 175 km (109 mi) on a suborbital trajectory.[14]
The first sub-orbital test flight of Hyperbola-1S took place from Hainan island on 5 April 2018 to an altitude of 108 km (67 mi).[16][12][5]
The second flight of i-Space was a commercial sub-orbital flight launched on 5 September 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert, using the Hyperbola-1Z rocket. The sub-orbital flight reached an altitude of 108 km (67 mi) and a peak velocity of over 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s).[17] It carried payloads from private Chinese satellite companies ZeroG Labs and ADA-space. The rocket delivered three CubeSat satellites one of which subsequently parachuted back to Earth.[18]
Hyperbola-1
[edit]The Hyperbola-1 (aka Shuang Quxian-1, SQX-1) (Chinese: 双曲线一号) rocket is 20.8 m (68 ft) tall, 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in) in diameter and weighs 31 t (34 tons). It consists of four all solid fuel stages, guided by liquid fuel attitude control engines.[19] It can launch 300 kg (660 lb) into low Earth orbit (LEO).[17] The rocket might be based on Chinese military missiles (perhaps DF-11 or DF-15).[20][21] The first stage of the rocket is equipped with four grid fins.[19][22] The launch price is reported around US$5 million.[23]
Its successful maiden flight was on 25 July 2019, at 05:00 UTC from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.[6][20] It launched from a movable supporting platform.[23] It placed numerous payloads,[24] among them the CAS-7B amateur radio satellite,[25] into orbit 300 km (190 mi) above Earth. CAS-7B decayed from orbit 6 August 2019.[26] It was the first Chinese private company to achieve orbit (orbital launches of other private companies before had failed).[21]
A second launch occurred on 1 February 2021, at 08:15 UTC (16:15 Beijing Time) from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center with 6 unidentified satellites but failed to reach orbit.[7] A subsequent investigation revealed that a piece of insulation had broken off and got stuck in the turning mechanism of grid fin Number IV. When the piece was blown away, the control system then suddenly overcompensated, resulting in the rocket being ripped apart by excessive aerodynamic forces.[27][22] The rocket was named "Tianshu" because its outer fuselage was covered with the artistic creations (images of compound made-up Chinese characters) of the contemporary artist Xu Bing.[7]
iSpace launched a third Hyperbola-1 solid-rocket vehicle on 3 August 2021.[13] SpaceNews was reporting the same day that the outcome of the launch was unknown, but that amateur video of the launch had been posted, but then deleted from Chinese social media.[13] After most of the day had passed, the Chinese official media Xinhua reported that the launch was unsuccessful due to off-nominal performance of the rocket which resulted in a failure to achieve orbit.[8] An official statement released by the company itself the following day clarified that the failure was caused by a malfunctioning in the fairing separation process, that precluded the payload from reaching the target orbit.[28] A fourth launch attempt on May 13, 2022, was unsuccessful as well.[22]
In April 2023, i-Space performed a fifth launch of the Hyperbola-1 which successfully reached orbit without a payload (or possibly a dummy payload),[9] and then followed with another launch on 17 December 2023 that placed the DEAR-1 satellite from Chinese company Azspace into a 500 kilometre SSO orbit.[10][11]
Hyperbola-2
[edit]The Hyperbola-2 (Chinese: 双曲线二号) is a two-stage, liquid-fueled, reusable rocket designed to lift 1.9 tons into LEO. It features the JD-1 engine which employs methane as fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. The first stage is expected to land propulsively in order to be reused.[19] The rocket's JD-1 engine had its first hot fire test in May 2020.[29] As of July 2022, the first launch was expected to occur in 2023 following a series of first stage hop tests.[30] In July 2023 i-Space announced that it has decided to suspend further development of the Hyperbola-2 launcher and instead directly proceed with the development of the reusable medium-lift Hyperbola-3 rocket.[9]
Hyperbola-3
[edit]The Hyperbola-3 is a 69 metres tall two-stage, liquid-fueled, partially reusable rocket; it is designed to lift at least 8.5 tons into LEO in reusable mode and 13.4 tons in expendable mode. The rocket's engines will use methane as fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. The first stage of the rocket is expected to land vertically using landing legs. The rocket will use the Focus-1 restartable methalox engine which was flight-verified during a hop test by the Hyperbola-2Y test stage on 2 November 2023, during which the test vehicle reached a maximum height of 178.42 m.[9] (A second successful test of the Hyperbola-2Y test vehicle took place on 10 December 2023 with the stage reaching a height of about 343 metres and translating a horizontal distance of about 50 metres.[31]) i-Space is targeting a first flight of the expendable Hyperbola-3 for 2025, while an attempt at first-stage vertical landing and recovery is slated for 2026; a heavy-lift 3-core variant named the Hyperbola-3B is also planned by the company.[9]
List of launches
[edit]| Flight number | Launch vehicle | Serial number | Date (UTC) | Launch site | Payload | Orbit | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hyperbola-1 | Y1 | 25 July 2019 05:00 |
LS-95A, JSLC | CAS-7B undisclosed payloads |
LEO | Success |
| 2 | Hyperbola-1 | Y2 | 1 February 2021 08:15 |
LS-95A, JSLC | undisclosed payloads | SSO | Failure |
| 3 | Hyperbola-1 | Y5 | 3 August 2021 07:39 |
LS-95B, JSLC | Jilin-1 Mofang-01A | SSO | Failure |
| 4 | Hyperbola-1 | Y4 | 13 May 2022 07:09 |
LS-95B, JSLC | Jilin-1 Mofang-01A (R) | SSO | Failure |
| 5 | Hyperbola-1 | Y6 | 7 April 2023 04:00 |
LS-95A, JSLC | No payload (Flight test) | SSO | Success |
| 6 | Hyperbola-1 | Y7 | 17 December 2023 07:00[10] |
LS-95A, JSLC | DEAR-1/Liangxi-1[11] | SSO | Success |
| 7 | Hyperbola-1 | Y8 | 10 July 2024 23:40 |
LS-95A, JSLC | Yunyao-1 15-17 | SSO | Failure |
| 8 | Hyperbola-3 | Y1 | 2025 | JSLC | Planned |
Other developments
[edit]In May 2018, i-Space indicated they hoped to eventually develop a reusable sub-orbital spaceplane (Chinese: 亚轨道概念飞行器) for space tourism.[15][32]
Marketplace
[edit]i-Space is in competition with several other Chinese space rocket startups, being LandSpace, Galactic Energy, ExPace, LinkSpace, OneSpace and Deep Blue Aerospace.[33]
See also
[edit]
- OneSpace, a Chinese company competitor
- Space Pioneer, a Chinese competitor privately developing liquid rocket engine technology and launch vehicles
References
[edit]- ^ "北京星际荣耀空间科技有限公司" [Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology Company Ltd.] (in Chinese). i-Space. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ a b Jones, Andrew (15 May 2018). "Chinese commercial launch sector nears takeoff with suborbital rocket test". SpaceNews. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (14 April 2020). "Space Pioneer raises $14 million to develop green liquid rocket engines". SpaceNews. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
- ^ Space News
- ^ a b c "StarCraft Glory - Hyperbola". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "A private Chinese space firm successfully launched a rocket into orbit". 25 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "Chinese Hyperbola-1 rocket fails during its second launch". NASASpaceFlight.com. 1 February 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
- ^ a b Huaxia (3 August 2021). "Flight test of China's commercial carrier rocket fails". Xinhua. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Jones, Andrew (2 November 2023). "China's iSpace launches and lands rocket test stage". spacenews.com. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "我国成功发射双曲线一号商业运载火箭". Shanghai Securities News. 17 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023.
- ^ a b c "刚刚，"梁溪号"卫星发射升空！". sohu.com. 17 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
- ^ a b Goh, Deyana (7 September 2018). "Chinese government launch site conducts first 2 commercial launches". Spacetech Asia. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ a b c Mystery surrounds Chinese private rocket launch attempt, Andrew Jones, SpaceNews, 3 August 2021.
- ^ a b Nowakowski, Tomasz (6 September 2018). "Chinese startup launches three CubeSats into space". SpaceFlight Insider. Retrieved 20 July 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Sheldon, John (6 September 2018). "China's iSpace Successfully Launches SQX-1Z Sub-Orbital Rocket With CubeSats". SpaceWatch.Global. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ Palec, Phenny Lynn (7 May 2019). "China's i-Space Attempts Private Orbital Launch In June". Business Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
- ^ a b ""双曲线一号S火箭"首飞成功！星际荣耀近期型谱计划出炉！(The Hyperbola 1-S Rocket Made Its First Flight Successfully! Interstellar Glory releases its future plans)". spaceflightfans.cn (in Chinese (China)). Archived from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ^ Lei, Zhao (5 September 2018). "Chinese private company launches satellites". China Daily. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ a b c "Products & Services". i-space.com.cn. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
- ^ a b "Shian Quxian-1 (SQX-1, Hyperbola-1)". Retrieved 25 July 2019.
- ^ a b Clark, Stephen (25 July 2019). "Chinese private company reaches orbit for first time". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ a b c "Hyperbola-1, China's first privately-owned rocket, fails in 2nd consecutive return to flight mission". 13 May 2022.
- ^ a b "Chinese Private-Sector Company Launches a History-Making Rocket by MatthewGreenwood".
- ^ "Chinese commercial launch firm iSpace launches cubesats on its Hyperbola-1 rocket". 25 July 2019.
- ^ "CAS-7B to launch July 25". AMSAT-UK. 8 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019.
- ^ "CAS 7B". N2YO.com. Retrieved 12 August 2019.
- ^ 双曲线一号遥二运载火箭飞行故障完成归零 [The flight failure of the Hyperbola-1 Yao-2 launch vehicle has been traced to its roots].
- ^ "关于双曲线一号遥五运载火箭飞行试验任务情况的说明" [Explanation on the flight test mission of the Hyperbola-1 Y5 carrier rocket]. i-Space (in Chinese). 4 August 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (5 June 2020). "Chinese private launch firms advance with methane engines, launch preparations and new funding". SpaceNews. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (6 July 2022). "New launch vehicles set for test flights from China's Jiuquan spaceport". SpaceNews. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
- ^ China 'N Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (10 December 2023). "SQX-2Y reached 343.12m in this 63.15s hop test and landed on the target ~50m away from the liftoff position" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "PRODUCT". en.i-space.com.cn. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2018.
- ^ Doug Messier (20 December 2017). "EXPACE Raises US$182 Million for Small Satellite Launchers". Parabolic Arc. Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2022.