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Sigma Chi

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Sigma Chi
ΣΧ
The Coat of Arms of Sigma Chi Fraternity
FoundedError: Invalid birth date for calculating age
Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
TypeLeadership & Social
ScopeInternational
MottoIn Hoc Signo Vinces ("In This Sign You Will Conquer")
ColorsBlue and Old Gold
SymbolThe White Cross
FlowerWhite Rose
PhilanthropyChildren's Miracle Network]] and Huntsman Cancer Institute
Chapters219 undergraduate, 146 alumni
Flag
Headquarters1714 Hinman Avenue
Evanston, Illinois
USA
WebsiteSigma Chi Website

Sigma Chi (ΣΧ) is one of the largest and oldest international all-male college social fraternities, with chapters at universities predominantly in the United States and several in Canada. Sigma Chi was founded in 1855 at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio when members split from Delta Kappa Epsilon. Sigma Chi had seven founding members: Benjamin Piatt Runkle, Thomas Cowan Bell, William Lewis Lockwood, Isaac M. Jordan, Daniel William Cooper, Franklin Howard Scobey, and James Parks Caldwell. Sigma Chi is a part of the Miami Triad, along with Beta Theta Pi and Phi Delta Theta.

The fraternity's official colors are blue and old gold, and its badge is a white cross with emblems on its arms: crossed keys on the upper arm, an eagle's head on the right arm, seven gold stars and a pair of clasped hands on the lower arm, and a scroll on the left arm. In the center of the cross, on a black background, are the gold symbols for the Greek letters Sigma and Chi. The left and right arms are connected to the upper arm by gold chains.

Sigma Chi has stated that its purpose is to promote the concepts of Friendship, Justice, and Learning; its mission statement is to develop values-based leaders committed to the betterment of character, campus and community. Sigma Chi's vision statement is "to become the preeminent collegiate leadership development organization—aligned, focused and living our core values."

Former NASA astronaut Greg Harbaugh currently serves as the foundation's president and CEO. Sigma Chi's Friendship Circle Website offers an outlet for Sigs to stay in touch with their brothers, meet alumni, network, and view job listings. Sigma Chi was honored by the United States Congress on its 150th anniversary on June 13th, 2005, becoming the first Greek letter society so honored.[1]

History

Founding

The founding of Sigma Chi began when came as the result of a disagreement over who would be named Poet in the Erodelphian Literary Society of old Miami University in Ohio.

Several members of Miami University's Delta Kappa Epsilon chapter (of which all but one of Sigma Chi's Founders were members) were also members of the Erodelphian Literary Society. In the fall of 1854 this society was to pick its Poet, and a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon was nominated for the position. He was supported by five of his brothers, but four others (Caldwell, Jordan, Runkle, and Scobey) felt that he lacked the required poetic talent. These men instead chose to give their support to another man who was not a Deke. Bell and Cooper were not members of Erodelphian, but their support for the dissenting four was unequivocal. The chapter had twelve members and so was evenly divided. Other differences might have been forgotten, but both sides saw this conflict as a matter of principle and over the next few months there came a distancing of their friendship.

The matter finally came to a head in February of 1855, when, in an attempt to seal the rift, Runkle and his companions planned a dinner for their brothers. The feast was prepared, and the table was set, but only one of the men who supported the Deke as poet arrived, Whitelaw Reid. With him Reid brought a stranger. The six learned that the stranger was an alumnus of DKE from a nearby town.

File:Sigma Chi Founders.jpg
Founders of Sigma Chi

"My name is Minor Millikin; I live in Hamilton," said the man. "I am a man of few words." Reid had told Millikin his side of the dispute, and the two were present to lay down punishment on Runkle, Scobey, and the rest. The leaders of the rebellion (Runkle and Scobey) were to be expelled from the fraternity. The other four, after being properly chastised, would be allowed to stay a part of the group.

At the announcement of the punishment Runkle stepped forward. He pulled off his Deke pin, tossed it to the table, and said, "I didn't join this fraternity to be anyone's tool! And that, sir," addressing Millikin, "is my answer!" Runkle stalked from the room and his five brothers followed. One final chapter meeting was held, at which the chapter was six-to-six divided on the issue of expulsion. The parent chapter at Yale University was contacted, and all six men were formally excommunicated.

The six men soon associated themselves with William Lewis Lockwood, a student from New York who had not joined a fraternity. Lockwood's natural business acumen helped to organize the fraternity in its early years. On June 28th, 1855 (Commencement at Old Miami), the Sigma Phi Fraternity was founded.

The theft of the Constitution, Ritual, Seals and other records from Founder Lockwood's room in Oxford in January, 1856 necessitated the change of the name of the Fraternity to Sigma Chi. Eventually, this action would have been forced upon the group as there was already a Sigma Phi Society in the collegiate world.

Much of Sigma Chi's heraldry is inspired by the legendary story of the Emperor Constantine from the Battle of Milvian Bridge against Maxentius. Notably, the White Cross and the motto "In Hoc Signo Vinces" are evidence of the Constantine link. Although many of the symbols of Sigma Chi relate to christianity, Sigma Chi is not a religious or christian fraternity.

Constantine Chapter

Harry St. John Dixon

Harry St. John Dixon, a brother from the Psi Chapter at the University of Virginia who fought for the Confederacy, kept a record of all Sigma Chis within his vicinity on the flyleaf of his diary during the Civil War. He began planning a Confederate Army chapter of Sigma Chi with this information. On September 17, 1864 Dixon founded the Constantine Chapter of Sigma Chi during the Atlanta campaign with Harry Yerger, a brother from Mississippi who was in Dixon's division.

Dixon and Yerger contacted all brothers listed in diary who could come to the meeting. They met at night in a deserted log cabin near camp. Dixon later wrote "The cabin was in a state of frightful dilapidation. Its rude walls and rafters were covered with soot and cobwebs, and the floor showed evidences of having been the resting place of sundry heeps of sheep." Dixon was elected "Sigma" (president) and Yerger was elected "Chi" (vice president), the chapter also initiated two men. The only badge in the chapter was one Dixon had made from a silver half-dollar.

The last meeting was held New Year's Day 1865. The men at that meeting passed a resolution to pay a "tribute of respect" to the four brothers from the chapter who had died during the war. In May 1939 the Constantine Chapter Memorial was erected by Sigma Chi in memory of the Constantine Chapter and its members. The memorial is located on U.S. 41 in Clayton County, Georgia.[2]

Purdue Case

In 1876 Emerson E. White became president of Purdue University. He declared that each applicant for admission must sign a pledge binding him "not to join or belong to any so-called Greek society or other college secret society" while attending Purdue. The Sigma Chi chapter, Delta Delta Chapter, already at the University tried to convince the authorities of the rule's injustice. They sent petitions to the faculty and pleaded their case to the board of trustees, but they were unsuccessful.

In the Fall of 1881 Thomas P. Hawley applied for admission to the University. Having already been initiated into Sigma Chi Hawley refused to sign the pledge and was denied admission to the University. Hawley took them to court but the Judge, D.P. Vinton, ruled in favor of the faculty's decision. He did also rule, however, that the faculty had no right to deny Hawley from his classes on the fraternity issue. The case soon found its way to the Indiana Supreme Court and on June 21, 1882 reversed Vinton's decision. This victory for Sigma Chi also allowed fraternities at Purdue.[3]

Pledging

Recruiting Process

As with most fraternities, before pledging begins the potential pledge must rush the fraternity. Each chapter holds rush events during the year, usually within a period set by their school. During this period each chapter will hold a bid meeting to discuss each potential member. To gain a bid from Sigma Chi the student must meet the qualifications as defined by the Jordan Standard. When a potential pledge receives a bid they have a choice to accept or decline. If the bid is accepted they will enter into pledgeship and become a potential member.[4]

Pledgeship

Pledgeship is a probationary period for potential members before they are fully initiated into Sigma Chi. The pledge period differs in length from chapter to chapter but eight weeks is the recommended length by Headquarters.[5][6] The pledge period consists of intellectual exercises to cultivate potential members into becoming brothers. These exercises include learning the history of Sigma Chi, operational workings of Sigma Chi and leadership skills. The pledge period also allows the potential members to become an integeral part of the chapter before initiation. [5]

File:Normanshield.jpg
The pledge pin of Sigma Chi

The pledge program also differs from chapter to chapter and is set by the magister at each chapter. All potential members in Sigma Chi are given a pledge pin and a Norman Shield. The pledge pin is a blue Norman Shield bearing the White Cross of Sigma Chi outlined in old gold.[7]

Hazing

On January 31, 2005 Sigma Chi announced a zero-tolerance stance on the issue of hazing.[8] Sigma Chi defines hazing as "an act performed by any Sigma Chi or pledge member that results in an environment of servitude or in any way endangers or demeans and Sigma Chi or pledge member, regardless of that person's willingness to participate in that act.[6]

Organization of the Fraternity

Undergraduate Chapter Officers

Officers may vary from each chapter with some chapters not using certain positions and others creating new positions. The duties of each officer may vary from each chapter as well.

Consul (pronounced Kon'-sul)- The Consul is the President of the chapter. He presides over chapter meetings as well as other chapter activities. He is responsible for the security of the charter, Ritual and ritualistic materials.

Pro Consul (pronounced Pro Kon'-sul)- The Pro Consul is the Vice President of the chapter. He works with the Consul in running chapter meetings as well as other chapter activites. The Pro Consul presides over the chapter's executive committee and works with other committees within the chapter. The Pro Consul is also responsible for running Post Initiation Training (P.I.T.) and must be prepared to take over the Consul's duties if the Consul were to be absent.

Annotator- The Annotator keeps accurate records of chapter meetings in the chapter minute book. He keeps track of all chapter files and records as well as the chapter's permanent record of member data.

Quaestor (pronounced Kwee'-stir)- The Quaestor is the treasurer of the chapter. He keeps track of all chapter funds and is responsible for collecting dues from members. He must prepare a budget before each fiscal year and presents it for approval before the chapter.

Magister (pronounced Ma-gee'-stir)- The Magister is the pledge teacher who prepares the pledge brothers for Initiation. He prepares the program which teaches the pledge brothers about the ideals of Sigma Chi. He is allowed to assist the Pro Consul in P.I.T.

Recruitment Chairman- The Recruitment Chairman organizes the chapters rush program. He must provide the chapter with the outcome of rushees and is responsible for providing information to rushees.

Centurian (pronounced Sen-tour'-ian)- The Centurian is the Risk Manager of the chapter. He developes and implements the chapter's safety management program. He coordinates safety education to the chapter and addresses concerns related to chapter risks such as building maintenance, alcohol use, drug use, hazing and sexual abuse.

Tribune- The Tribune prepares all necessary chapter correspondence, reports, and other required information to University and Fraternity officials.

Chapter Editor- The Chapter Editor maintains files on previous chapter publications as well as publications from other chapters and General Headquarters. He publishes at least two chapter newsletters a year describing current alumni and undergraduate activities. He also cooridnates the publications of chapter material such as recruitment brochures, philanthropy programs, and quarterly news to The Magazine of Sigma Chi.

Historian- The Historian gathers and creates records of the members and activities of the chapter. He also preserves previous records of the chapter into a library to be sent to the Grand Historian if needed.

Kustos (pronounced Koo'-stows)- The Kustos assists with chapter meetings and keeps the privacy of the chapter room.

House Manager- The House Manager takes care of the maintenance, safety, and cleanliness of the chapter house.

Interfraternity Council Representative- The Interfraternity Council(IFC) Representative attends all IFC meetings and communicates information to the chapter. He may also plan events and programs with other fraternities on campus.

Public Relations Chairman- The Public Relations Chairman developes and implements a public relatons program. He must generate favorable publicity in campus and community media.

Scholarship Chairman'- The Scholarship Chairman developes and implements a scholastic program and education programs with the campus. He provides information on learning resources to the chapter. He also serves as chapter liaison with the Sigma Chi Foundation.

Steward- The Steward plans the chapter meal service and kitchen operations.

Grand Officers

Grand Consul- The Grand Consul is the International President of Sigma Chi. He presides over the Executive Committee, Grand Chapter and the Sigma Chi Corporation.

Grand Pro Consul- The Grand Pro Consul is the International Vice President of Sigma Chi. He presides over the Grand Council and the selection committee. He must be prepared to take over the Grand Consul's duties if the Grand Consul were to be absent.

Grand Quaester- The Grand Quaester is the International Treasurer of Sigma Chi. He is responsible for Fraternities funds and financial regulations. He issues and signs all warrants for the payment of money and must report to the Grand Chaper and Grand Council. He serves as a member of the Executive Committee.

Grand Tribune- The Grand Tribune is the International spiritual leader and fellowship advisor of Sigma Chi.

Grand Historian- The Grand Historian is the International Secretary of Sigma Chi. He compiles all historical information about Sigma Chi and is responsible for maintaining the archives and documents of the Fraternity.

Grand Praetors (pronounced Pray-ters)- There is one Grand Praetor for each province and is elected at each Grand Chapter. They are required to visit each chapter in their province at least once every year as well as maintain a general knowledge of each chapters condition. The Grand Praetors are known officially as the "Praetorial College." At the Grand Chapter a Dean of the Praetorial College is elected.

The Grand Chapter

The Grand Chapter is the supreme legislative body of Sigma Chi and convenes every two years. It is composed of one delegate from each active undergraduate chapter and alumni chapter, the Grand Consul and Past Grand Consuls, each being entitled to one vote. The Grand Chapter elects the officers of the Fraternity as well as alter or amend the Constituation, Statutes, and Executive Committee Regulations. It may grant or revoke charters as well as discipline any chapter, officer or member.[9]

The Grand Council

The Grand Council meets every year when no Grand Chapter is held. The Grand Council consists of the Grand Officers, Past Grand Consuls, members of the Executive Committee, Grand Trustees, Grand Praetors, members of the Leadership Training Board and one undergraduate from each province. It may amend the Statutes or Executive Committee Regulations.[9]

The Executive Committee

The Executive Committee meets at least four times a year. The Executive Committee consists of 12 members; Grand Consul, Grand Pro Consul, Grand Quaester, the immediate Past Grand Consul, a Grand Trustee elected by the Board of Grand Trustees, a Grand Praetor elected by the Praetorial College, one alumnus member-at-large and the two most recent International Balfour Award winners. The committee regulates the budget and expenditures as well as assign duties to the International Headquarters staff.[9]

Leadership Programs

Balfour Leadership Training Workshop

The Balfour Leadership Training Workshop is a program designed to improve the quality of leadership in the Fraternity. Each August, leaders from Sigma Chi's undergraduate chapters spend four days on a college campus, immersed in presentations, discussions, and problem solving sessions about chapter operations and other issues that affect a chapter's viability.[10]

Each year The Leadership Training Board, assisted by the director of eduction from Headquarters, meets twice to discuss the previous workshop and plan the next one. The workshop focuses on nine specific aspects of chapter life: Consuls (President), Pro Consuls (Vice President), Quaestors (Treasurer), Magisters(Pledge Teacher), Recruitment Chairmen, Centurians (Risk Manager), Emerging Leaders, Chapter Advisors and Mentors.[11] The annual turnout is approximately 1,300 brothers making it the largest leadership training session in the Greek-letter world.

The first workshop was held at Bowling Green State University from August 31 to September 3, 1947. 215 delegates attended the workshop representing 82 of the 108 active chapters at the time.[12] The workshop has been held at 19 different campuses including Ball State University, University of Nebraska, and University of Missouri. In 1955 the workshop was not held to avoid interference with the Centennial Grand Chapter. In 1997 the Balfour Foundation voted to make an annual grant of $200,000 for the educational elements of the workshop.[10]

Horizons

File:Horizonslogo.jpg
The logo for Horizons

Horizons is a leadership program specifically created for Sigma Chi underclassmen who are eager and willing to improve themselves and their world. During the sessions of Horizons held each summer in Snowbird, Utah, undergraduates experience a six-day immersion in whole-brained learning that engages both mind and body through team-based exercises and personal reflection. The program, initially funded by Bob McNair, owner of the Houston Texans, runs completely free of charge to its undergraduate participants.[13]

Horizons focuses on three aspects of leadership:

  • How leadership is directly linked to values and character,
  • How to incorporate high-minded values into a lifelong practice of leadership,
  • How to discover and utilize your full potential.[14]

Cornerstone

The Cornerstone program is designed to provide alumni leaders with the tools they need to efficiently support undergraduate chapters. This mentorship program encourages alumni participation and growth at undergraduate chapters, Cornerstone aims to bring professionally-trained mentors to every Sigma Chi chapter. Mentors assist undergraduates by increasing leadership training and improving academic performance and general operations. Cornerstone mentors have an unequivocal commitment to the ideals of Sigma Chi, willingness to be a role model and accessibility and availability to the chapter and its members. Through the support of Jesse R. "Bob" Stone, three short Building On Our Brotherhood films were produced about the Cornerstone Program.

Philanthropy

Membership in Sigma Chi involves both service-oriented activities as well as social bonding for its members. Sigma Chi's suggested beneficiaries for chapter community service projects are the Children's Miracle Network and the Huntsman Cancer Institute. Since 1992 Sigma Chi chapters have raised more than $4.2 million dollars for area CMN hospitals[15] and devoted thousands of hours of service to CMN affiliates. The Huntsman Cancer Institute was added as another beneficiary in 2005[16]. In the 2005-06 academic year, Sigma Chi raised $473,757.43 for the Children's Miracle Network, as well as $55,244.63 for the Huntsman Cancer Institute.

Literature of Sigma Chi

The Magazine of Sigma Chi

Main Article: The Magazine of Sigma Chi

The Magazine of Sigma Chi, the official quarterly publication for undergraduate and alumni brothers of the Sigma Chi Fraternity, is one of the most highly esteemed magazines in the Greek-letter world. First published in 1881 as The Sigma Chi, the name was later changed to The Sigma Chi Quarterly and then to its current form. The magazine details the achievements of notable brothers, features columns on how to better perform the ideals set forth by the fraternity's founders, and includes updates on most (but not all) chapters of Sigma Chi by that chapter's Chapter Editor. The Sigma Chi Bulletin, the oldest esoteric publication in the Greek-letter community, is published in the Magazine; it contains the minutes from any meetings of the Fraternity's Executive Committee occurring in the quarter it is published. Noted cartoonist Milton Caniff periodically provided illustrations for the magazine.

The Norman Shield

File:Norman Shield.jpg
The Norman Shield's commemorative 2005 issue

The Norman Shield, or the Shield informally, is the reference manual of the Fraternity. It is intended to be a "well of knowledge during pledgeship" and for active membership. First compiled in 1929 by Arthur Vos, Jr. of Colorado, it contains biographies of the founders and a history of the Fraternity and significant events; the writings listed below, and the Constitution and Statutes. More topical is a list of famous and "Significant Sigs," explanations of chapter and Grand officers, and Sigma Chi events, governing bodies, and scholarships. The current edition is its 41st, dated for the years 2006-07.

Purpose

Article II of the Constitution states "The purpose of this fraternity shall be to cultivate and maintain the high ideals of friendship, justice and learning upon which Sigma Chi was founded."

Creed

I believe in fairness, decency and good manners. I will endeavor to retain the spirit of youth. I will try to make my college, the Sigma Chi Fraternity, and my own chapter more honored by all men and women and more beloved and honestly respected by our own brothers. I say these words in all sincerity; That Sigma Chi has given me favor and distinction; that the bond of our fellowship is reciprocal, that I will endeavor to so build myself and so conduct myself that I will ever be a credit to our Fraternity.

-George Ade, Purdue University, Class of 1887

Jordan Standard

The confidence of the Founders of Sigma Chi was based upon a belief that the principles which they professed and the ideal of the Fraternity which they sought were but imperfectly realized in the organizations by which they were surrounded.

The standard with which the fraternity started was declared by Issac M. Jordan to be that of admitting no man to membership in Sigma Chi who is not believed to be:

A Man of Good Character.......

A Student of Fair Ability.......

With Ambitious Purposes.......

A Congenial Disposition.......

Possessed of Good Morals.......

Having a High Sense of Honor and

A Deep Sense of Personal Responsibility.

-Founder Isaac M. Jordan addressed the 15th Grand Chapter in 1884, and his speech provided the basis for the current Jordan Standard.[12]

The Spirit of Sigma Chi

The Spirit of Sigma Chi, as conceived by the Founders more than 150 years ago yet visible and alive today, is based on the theory that...

...Friendship among members, sharing a common belief in an ideal,...

...and possessing different temperaments, talents, and convictions...

...is superior to friendship among members having the same temperaments, talents, and convictions; and that...

...Genuine friendship can be maintained without surrendering the principle of individuality or sacrificing one's personal judgment.

The Spirit of Sigma Chi was written by the Fraternity to honor and pay homage to the beliefs of Franklin Howard Scobey who believed strongly in the ideal that friendship among members of different temperaments, talents and convictions is superior to friendship among those who are all similar.

My Badge

File:SigmaChiBadge.gif
The Sigma Chi Badge

I might be forced to admit that there is some similarity between the ideals of Sigma Chi and those of other fraternities but—

I will not share the beautiful and the symbolic supremacy of the White Cross of Sigma Chi with any other badge in the Greek World.

The badge of my Fraternity is a cross, a sign and a symbol known to all the world, uplifting Him of whom our badge reminds us.

It is not a shield of timid defense nor a drawn sword of oppressive aggression nor an arrow swift and sure on its mission of death.

It is not a diamond so rich and so rare as to have no part in the common crowd nor a crescent pale and incomplete nor a star shining with a borrowed ray.

It is not a lamp whose feeble flame is extinguished by the slightest gust of wind that blows; nor a simple monogram of mysterious Greek letters presuming to reveal some hidden meaning.

But a cross with its base planted in the common clay of earth; its arms outstretched to all the world and its head lifted heavenward.

It is a White Cross, suggesting purity.

As any pure white surface reflects all the rays of light without the absorption of any, so the White Cross of Sigma Chi reflects its ideals unselfishly to all Mankind.

- W. Henry McLean, DePauw University, Class of 1910

The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi

When the world goes wrong as it's bound to do,
and you've broken Dan Cupid's bow,
and you long for the girl you used to love,
the maid of the long ago,
why light your pipe,
bid sorrow avaunt,
blow the smoke from your altar of dreams,
and wreathe the face of your dream girl there,
the love that is just what it seems.
The girl of my dreams is the sweetest girl of all the girls I know,
each sweet coed like a rainbow trail fades in the afterglow,
the blue of her eyes and the gold of her hair are a blend of the western sky,
and the moonlight beams on the girl of my dreams,
she's the Sweetheart of Sigma Chi.

Often called the most beloved and popular of college fraternity songs, "The Sweetheart of Sigma Chi" was written in 1911 by Byron D. Stokes (Albion, Class of 1911) and F. Dudleigh Vernor (Albion, Class of 1913). Stokes had written the words while in class one June day that year, and presented them that afternoon to Vernor, who was practicing the piano in a local house, and composed the music at that time. The song has since become a favorite among ballroom orchestras and was used in two movie musicals of the same name, in 1933 and 1946. When asked about the song's inspiration, Stokes replied, "The 'Sweetheart' is the symbol for the spiritual ingredient in brotherhood. It was the Sigma Chi Fraternity itself that inspired the song. I wrote the words not long after my initiation, and the magic of our Ritual with its poetic overtones and undertones was, I suppose, the source of my inspiration."[17]

Notable "Sigs"

Chapters

As of 2007, the Sigma Chi Fraternity consists of 218,493 living brothers and 218 active undergraduate chapters at colleges and universities throughout the United States and Canada, and 149 alumni chapters around the world.[18] Since 1855, Sigma Chi has initiated more than 260,000 men.

References

  1. ^ Thomas (Library of Congress)
  2. ^ "The Constantine Chapter" page 40-41. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  3. ^ "The History of Sigma Chi" page 48. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  4. ^ "The Constitution" page 108-137. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  5. ^ a b "Objectives of pledgeship" page 11. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  6. ^ a b Sigma Chi Statement of Position Concerning Pledge Education & the Ritual
  7. ^ "Nomenclature and Insignia" page 42. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  8. ^ Fraternity implements new zero-tolerance hazing policy
  9. ^ a b c "Organization, Governance & Services" page 80-84. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  10. ^ a b "Leadership Training" page 70. The Norman Shield, 41st Edition
  11. ^ http://www.sigmachibltw.org/
  12. ^ a b Carlson, Douglas Richard. History of the Sigma Chi Fraternity:1955-1985. United States of America: The Sigma Chi Fraternity, 1990.
  13. ^ Sigma Chi Horizon's
  14. ^ Learn About Horizons www.sigmachi.org/horizons
  15. ^ Philanthropy at Sigma Chi
  16. ^ Sigma Chi Chooses Huntsman Cancer Institute
  17. ^ http://www.shsu.edu/~eng_wpf/sweetheart.html
  18. ^ Directory, page 75. Sigma Chi Magazine, Spring 2007