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Naqshbandi

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Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. Formed in 1380, the order is considered by some to be a "sober" order known for its silent dhikr (remembrance of God) rather than the vocalized forms of dhikr common in other orders.

The Naqshbandi order is also notable as it is the only Sufi order to trace its spiritual lineage (silsilah) to Muhammad through Abu Bakr, the first caliph. In contrast, most other turuq trace their lineage Ali ibn Abu Talib, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law and fourth caliph.

The word Naqshbandi نقشبندی is Persian, taken from the name of the founder of the order, Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari. Some have said that the translation means "related to the image-maker," some also consider it to mean "Pattern Maker" rather than "image maker," and interpret "Naqshbandi" to mean "Reformer of Patterns", and others consider it to mean "Way of the Chain" or "Golden Chain."

Common Naqshbandi chain of transmission

  1. Muhammad [Peace Be Upon Him]
  2. Abu Bakr Siddiq
  3. Salman the Persian
  4. Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
  5. Ja'far al-Sadiq
  6. Bayazid Bastami
  7. Abul-Hassan Kharaqani
  8. Bu Ali al-Farmadi
  9. Yusuf Hamdani
  10. Abul Abbas al-Khadr
  11. Abdul Khaliq Gajadwani
  12. Arif al-Reogri
  13. Mahmood al-Injir al-Faghnawi
  14. Ali- Ar-Ramitani
  15. Muhammad Baba as-Samasi
  16. Sayyid Amir Kulal
  17. Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari - Namesake of Naqshbandi order

From here, the order branches into several sub-orders. One of the most important and widespread is the Naqshbandi-Mujaddadi branch founded by Ahmad Sirhindi. The chain between Bahauddin Naqshbandi and Ahmad Sirhindi continues below:

  1. Alauddin al-Bukhari al-Attar
  2. Yaqub al-Charkhi
  3. Ubaydullah al-Ahrar
  4. Muhammad Az-Zahid Wali
  5. Mohammad Darwish
  6. Khawaja al-Akmangi
  7. Muhammad al-Baqi Billah
  8. Ahmad Sirhindi Mujaddid Alf-thani

Sub-orders

There is no single authority for the Naqshbandi order today. Rather, there are numerous sub-orders which operate in autonomy. Among them are the Owaisiah, Haqqani, Hijazi, Mujarradiya and Tauheedia branches. Hazrat Shah Wali Ullah Rehamat Ullah Aley has stated in his book "Al Intibah Fi Salasil e Awliya Allah" that the most Effective of all is the Naqshbandia Owaisiah. There also exist a pseudo-Naqshbandi order which has no connections to regular Naqshbandi branches. It was founded by Abdullah al-Faiz ad-Dagestani and is leade today by the pseudo-Shaykh Nazim al-Qubrusi

Naqshbandia Owaisiah branch

Naqshbandi Order has another famous branch called Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order. The method of spiritual instruction is quite close to Mujaddidya branch. However, there are two main differences. First Naqshbandia Owaisiah order uses the "Pas Infas" method of zikr. Secondly, the method of spiritual instruction is "Owaisee", which means that the Shaikh can impart spiritual instruction regardless of physical distance and even difference of time period. Seekers of Naqshbandia Owaisiah can obtain spiritual blessing from their Shaikh regardless of their location in the world. Owaisiah connection is also useful in obtaining spiritual blessings from Sufis of the Past. Naqshbandia Owaisiah Order is based in Pakistan and its modern founder was Shaikh Allah Yar Khan (R.A). Current shaikh is Maulana Muhammad Akram Awan. Headquarters for this sect is Dar-ul-irfan, Minara,Chakwal, Pakistan.


Tauheedia Naqshbandia branch

In 1955 Hazarat Kawajah Abdul Hakeem Ansari (rh) along with his only caliph Hazarat Abdul Sattar Khan (accompanied by Kawajah Sattar's wife and daughter) founded a new branch of the Naqshbandia Mujadidiah Order (chain mentioned below). He named it 'Tauheediah', with a focus on unity (Tauheed), truthfulness and love and making it more practical for modern Westernized society aiming towards unification of ummah... and development of humanity. It has a base in Lahore, and disciples throughout the world.

Some famous Naqshbandis

Further reading

  • Abu-Manneh, Butrus (1982). "The Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya in the Ottoman Lands in the Early 19th Century". Die Welt des Islams. 22 (1/4). Brill Academic Publishers: 1–36.
  • Algar, Hamid (1976). "The Naqshbandī Order: A Preliminary Survey of Its History and Significance". Studia Islamica. 44: 123–152.
  • Hisham Kabbani, Muhammad (June 2004). Classical Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition. Islamic Supreme Council of America. ISBN 1930409230. {{cite book}}: Check |authorlink= value (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Ali-Shah, Omar (1998). The Rules or Secrets of the Naqshbandi Order. Tractus Books. ISBN 2-909347-09-5.
  • Buehler, Arthur F. (1998). Sufi Heirs of the Prophet:The Indian Naqshbandiyya and the Rise of the Mediating Sufi Shaykh. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 1-57003-201-7.
  • Dale, Stephen F. (Apr. - Jun., 1999). "The Ahrārī Waqf in Kābul in the Year 1546 and the Mughūl Naqshbandiyyah". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 119 (2): 218–233. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gammer, Moshe (Nov., 1994). "The Beginnings of the Naqshbandiyya in Dāghestān and the Russian Conquest of the Caucasus". Die Welt des Islams. 34 (2). Brill Academic Publishers: 204–217. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Legall, Dina (2005). A Culture of Sufism: Naqshbandis in the Ottoman World, 1450-1700. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-6245-5.
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (2003). Classical Islam And The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition. Islamic Supreme Council of America. ISBN 1-930409-10-9.
  • Werbner, Pnina (Aug., 1996). "Stamping the Earth with the Name of Allah: Zikr and the Sacralizing of Space among British Muslims". Cultural Anthropology. 11 (3). Brill Academic Publishers: 309–338. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  • Zelkina, Anna (2000). In Quest for God and Freedom: The Sufi Response to the Russian Advance in the North Caucasus. New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-9695-8.

Refutation of the Pseudo-Naqshbandi Nazimist Cult

Naqshbandia Siddiquia

Naqshbandia Owaisiah

Undefined

Mujaddidi/Khalidi

Saifi

Hijazi

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