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Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr.
45th Vice President of the United States
In office
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
PresidentBill Clinton
Preceded byDan Quayle
Succeeded byDick Cheney
United States Senator
from Tennessee
In office
January 3, 1985 – January 2, 1993
Preceded byHoward Baker
Succeeded byHarlan Mathews
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 6th district
In office
January 3, 1983 – January 3, 1985
Preceded byRobin Beard
Succeeded byBart Gordon
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Tennessee's 4th district
In office
January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1983
Preceded byJoe L. Evins
Succeeded byJim Cooper
Personal details
Born (1948-03-31) March 31, 1948 (age 76)
Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseTipper Gore
Alma materHarvard University
Websitehttp://www.algore.com/

Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948 in Washington, D.C.) is an American politician, businessman, and environmentalist. Gore served in the United States House of Representatives (1977–85) and the United States Senate (1985–93) representing Tennessee. From 1993 to 2001, he was the 45th Vice President of the United States, serving while Bill Clinton was President.

Gore was the Democratic nominee for President in the 2000 election, which was according, to the Encyclopædia Britannica," one of the most controversial elections in American history." [1] Gore won the popular vote with over half a million more votes than the Republican candidate George W. Bush. However, after a month of ballot recounts and court challenges in the state of Florida the United States Supreme Court, with its final ruling on Bush v. Gore, handed the electoral college victory, and consequently the presidency, to Bush.[2]

Today, Gore is president of the American television channel Current TV, chairman of Generation Investment Management, a director on the board of Apple Inc., and an unofficial advisor to Google's senior management. He lectures widely on the topic of global warming, which he calls "the climate crisis",[3] and in 2006 starred in the Academy Award-winning documentary An Inconvenient Truth, discussing global warming and the environment. Gore's latest book, a critique of the current level of political discourse in the United States titled The Assault on Reason, was published in May 2007. While he has stated that he has no intention of running for President again, it is frequently speculated that he is a potential candidate for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination.

Early life

Albert A Gore Jr. was born in Washington, D.C., to Albert Arnold Gore, Sr., a U. S. Representative (1939–44, 1945–1953) and Senator (1953–1971) from Tennessee, and Pauline LaFon Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School. He divided his childhood between Washington, D.C., and Carthage, Tennessee:[4] as a boy, during the school year, the family lived in a hotel in Washington and during summer vacations, Gore worked on the family farm in Carthage, where hay and tobacco were grown and cattle raised.[5]

Gore attended Washington's private St. Albans School through high school.[6] In 1965, he enrolled at Harvard College. His roommate (in Dunster House) was actor Tommy Lee Jones.[7] Gore graduated from Harvard with honors in June 1969 (with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government).[8]

File:AlGoreVietnam.gif
Gore served as a field reporter in Vietnam for five months.

Gore opposed the Vietnam War and could have avoided serving overseas by accepting a spot in the National Guard which a friend of his family had reserved for him or by other means of avoiding the draft. Gore has stated that his sense of civic duty compelled him to serve in some capacity.[9] He enlisted in the United States Army on August 7, 1969. After basic training at Fort Dix, Gore was assigned as a military journalist writing for The Army Flier, the base newspaper at Fort Rucker. With seven months remaining in his enlistment, Gore was shipped to Vietnam, arriving on January 2, 1971. He served for four months with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Bien Hoa and for another month at the Army Engineer Command in Long Binh.

Gore said in 1988 that his experience in Vietnam:

didn't change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of South Vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for.[10]

As his unit was standing down, he applied for and received a non-essential personnel honorable discharge two months early in order to attend divinity school at Vanderbilt University.[11] Gore left Vanderbilt after completing the required one-year Rockefeller Foundation scholarship for students returning to secular work.[12] In 1970, Gore married Mary Elizabeth Aitcheson (known as Tipper), whom he had first met at his high school senior prom in Washington, D.C.

Gore then spent five years as a reporter for The Tennessean, a newspaper in Nashville, Tennessee. His investigations of possible corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses.[13] It frustrated him, however, that a journalist could only expose wrongdoing without being able to correct it. That realization led to a leave of absence from the paper to try law school. Before he could finish, he learned that his local congressman planned to retire in 1976.[6]

Political career (1976–2000)

Congressional service

When Congressman Joe L. Evins announced his retirement after 30 years, Gore quit law school in March 1976 to run for the United States House of Representatives, in Tennessee's fourth district. Gore defeated Stanley Rogers in the Democratic primary, then ran unopposed in the general election and was elected to his first Congressional post. He was re-elected three times, in 1978, 1980, and 1982. In 1984, Gore successfully ran for a seat in the United States Senate, which had been vacated by Republican Majority Leader Howard Baker. Gore served as a Senator from Tennessee until 1993, when he became Vice President.

While in Congress, Gore was a member of the following committees: Armed Services (Defense Industry and Technology Projection Forces and Regional Defense; Strategic Forces and Nuclear Deterrence); Commerce, Science and Transportation (Communications; Consumer; Science, Technology and Space- chairman 1992; Surface Transportation; National Ocean Policy Study); Joint Committee on Printing; Joint Economic Committee; and Rules and Administration.

On March 19, 1979, Gore became the first person to appear on C-SPAN, making a speech in the House chambers.[14] In the late 1980s, Gore introduced the Gore Bill, which was later passed as the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991. The bill was one of the most important pieces of legislation directly affecting the expansion of the internet.

1988 Presidential election

Main article: Al Gore presidential campaign, 1988

Gore ran for President in the 1988 United States presidential election, but failed to obtain the Democratic nomination, which went to Michael Dukakis. During the campaign, Gore's strategy involved skipping the Iowa caucus and putting little emphasis on the New Hampshire Primary in order to concentrate his efforts on the South. He won Arkansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma and Tennessee in the Super Tuesday primaries but dropped out of the presidential race in April after a poor showing in the New York primary.[14]

On April 3, 1989, Gore's six-year-old son Albert was nearly killed in an automobile accident while leaving the Baltimore Orioles' opening day game. Because of the resulting lengthy healing process, his father chose to stay near him during the recovery instead of laying the foundation for a presidential primary campaign. Gore started writing Earth in the Balance, his book on environmental conservation, during his son's recovery. It became the first book written by a sitting Senator to make The New York Times bestseller list since John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage.

Vice Presidency

Vice President Gore talking with President Clinton as the two pass through the Colonnade at the White House.

Bill Clinton chose Gore to be his running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election on July 9, 1992. Gore was inaugurated as the 45th Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1993. Clinton and Gore were re-elected to a second term in the 1996 election.

According to the U.S. government, the U.S. economy expanded for all eight years of the Clinton/Gore administration.[15] One factor was the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, for which Gore cast the tie-breaking vote. The Administration worked closely with the Republican-led House to slow federal spending and eventually balance the federal budget. One of Gore's major works as Vice President was the National Performance Review,[16] which pointed out waste, fraud, and other abuse in the federal government and stressed the need for cutting the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations. Gore stated that the National Performance Review later helped guide President Clinton when he down-sized the federal government.[17]

In 1993, Gore debated Ross Perot on CNN's Larry King Live on the issue of free trade, with Gore arguing for free trade and the passage of NAFTA, and Perot arguing against it. Public opinion polls taken after the debate showed that a majority of Americans thought Gore won the debate and now supported NAFTA.[18] the bill subsequently passed 234–200 in the House of Representatives.[19]

In 1997, Gore became the highest elected official to have run a marathon while in office. He ran the 1997 Marine Corps Marathon in 4:58:25 or a pace of 11:25/mile.[20]

In 1998, Gore began heavily promoting a NASA satellite that would provide a constant view of Earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since The Blue Marble photo from the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. The "Triana" satellite would have been permanently mounted in the L1 Lagrangian Point, 1.5 million km away.[21] The finished satellite was not launched due to opposition from the Republican congress.[citation needed]

Also in 1998, Gore became associated with Digital Earth.[22]

2000 Presidential election

Main article: Al Gore presidential campaign, 2000

After two terms as Vice President, Gore ran for President again in the 2000 United States Presidential election, selecting Senator Joe Lieberman to be his vice-presidential running mate. The election was one of the closest and most controversial presidential elections in the history of the United States.

During the entire campaign, Gore was neck-and-neck in the polls with Republican Governor of Texas George W. Bush. On Election Day, the results were so close that the outcome of the race took over a month to resolve, highlighted by the premature declaration of a winner on election night, and an extremely close result in the state of Florida. On election night, news networks first called Florida for Gore, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well.

The race was ultimately decided by a margin of only 537 votes in Florida. Florida's 25 electoral votes were awarded to Bush only after numerous court challenges. Gore publicly conceded the election after the Supreme Court of the United States in Bush v. Gore ruled 5-4 that the Florida recount was unconstitutional and that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline, effectively ending the recounts. Gore strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but decided "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession."

Gore ultimately received 267 electoral votes to Bush's 271. Gore became only the third nominee to win the popular vote but lose the electoral vote.[23]

In the introduction to his global warming presentation, Gore has jokingly introduced himself as "the former next President of the United States".

During his 2000 campaign for the presidency, Gore himself attributed positive economic results to his and Clinton's policies[24] — more than 22 million new jobs, the highest homeownership in American history (up to that time), the lowest unemployment in 30 years, the paying off of $360 billion of the national debt, the lowest poverty rate in 20 years, higher incomes at all levels, the conversion of the hitherto largest budget deficit in American history into the largest surplus, the lowest government spending in three decades, the lowest federal income tax burden in 35 years, and more families owning stocks than had up to that point. However Gore later placed a large share of the blame for his election loss on the economic downturn and NASDAQ crash of March 2000 in an interview with National Public Radio's Bob Edwards.[25]

Post Vice-presidency

2004 election activities

As the first major speaker at the 2004 Democratic National Convention, Gore presented himself as a living reminder that every vote counts. "Let's make sure not only that the Supreme Court does not pick the next president, but also that this president is not the one who picks the next Supreme Court," said Gore. Gore directed remarks to supporters of third-party presidential candidate Ralph Nader, who abandoned the Democratic Party four years ago, asking them, "Do you still believe that there was no difference between the candidates?"[26]

Initially, Al Gore was touted as a logical opponent of George W. Bush in the 2004 Presidential Election. "Re-elect Gore!" was a common slogan among many Democrats who felt he had been unfairly cheated out of the presidency, on the grounds of his winning the popular vote and the Florida voting controversies. On December 16, 2002, however, Gore announced that he would not run in 2004, saying that it was time for "fresh faces" and "new ideas" to emerge from the Democrats. When he appeared on a 60 Minutes interview, Gore said that he felt if he had run, the focus of the election would be the rematch rather than the issues. Gore's former running mate, Joe Lieberman quickly announced his own candidacy for the presidency, which he had vowed he would not do if Gore ran.

Despite Gore taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to "draft" him into running. However, that effort largely came to an end when Gore publicly endorsed Governor of Vermont Howard Dean (over his former running mate Lieberman) weeks before the first primary of the election cycle. There was still some effort to encourage write-in votes for Gore in the primaries by Patriots for Al Gore who were separate from the draft movement. Although Gore did receive a small number of votes in New Hampshire and New Mexico, that effort was halted when John Kerry pulled into the lead for the nomination.

On February 9, 2004, on the eve of the Tennessee primary, Gore gave what some consider his harshest criticism of the president yet when he accused George W. Bush of betraying the country by using the 9/11 attacks as a justification for the invasion of Iraq. Gore also urged all Democrats to unite behind their eventual nominee proclaiming, "Any one of these candidates is far better than George W. Bush." In March 2004 Gore, along with former Presidents Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter, united behind Kerry as the presumptive Democratic nominee.

On April 28, 2004, Gore announced that he would be donating $6 million to various Democratic Party groups. Drawing from his funds left over from his 2000 campaign, Gore pledged to donate $4 million to the Democratic National Committee. The party's Senate and House committees would each get $1 million, and the party from Gore's home state of Tennessee would receive $250,000. In addition, Gore announced that all of the surplus funds in his "Recount Fund" from the 2000 election controversy that resulted in the Supreme Court halting the counting of the ballots, a total of $240,000, will be donated to the Florida Democratic Party. Gore stressed the importance of voting and having every vote counted, foreshadowing the 2004 United States election voting controversies.

2008 Presidential election plans

Gore has not stated that he will participate as a candidate in the 2008 presidential election. However, he has not rejected the possibility outright, and a Gore run remains a topic of public speculation. Some of Gore's supporters have publicly encouraged him to join the race. An April 2007 Quinnipiac University poll of 504 registered Democrats in New Jersey showed Gore receiving 12% of the votes in a hypothetical Democratic primary, in third place behind Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama.[27]

Gore and his family have commented on whether Gore will run in the 2008 presidential election. In December 2006, Gore stated on NBC's Today: "I am not planning to run for president again [...] I haven't completely ruled it out."[28] His son, Albert Gore III, followed with a comment in the December 14, 2006 article "Albert Gore: Dad's Doing Well, Not Running in 2008": "I know that [my father] has no plans to run in 2008 [...] Well, I guess I have to add his addendum. I think the way he always says it is, 'I don't see any circumstances under which I would run for president.'"[29]

The release of An Inconvenient Truth in 2006 increased Gore's popularity among progressives.[30][31] Gore received 68% of support among "fantasy" potential 2008 Democratic presidential candidates in a May 2006 straw poll of visitors to Daily Kos[32] and 35% in a July 13, 2006 survey of AlterNet readers.[33] A Gallup poll of August 2006 shows that nearly half of Americans viewed Gore favorably (48 percent to 45 percent).[34] A CNN telephone poll conducted by the Opinion Research Corporation of registered or independent leaning Democrats in November 2006 had Gore with 14% support in a theoretical multi-candidate Democratic primary election.[citation needed]

Donna Brazile, Gore's campaign chairwoman from the 2000 campaign made cryptic comments during a speech on January 31, 2007, at Moravian College in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania stating, "Wait till Oscar night, I tell people: 'I'm dating. I haven't fallen in love yet. On Oscar night, if Al Gore has slimmed down 25 or 30 pounds, Lord knows.'"[35] The meaning of these remarks became clearer when on award night, while in attendance and acting as a presenter for an award, Gore began a speech that seemed to be leading up to an announcement that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying it was a rehearsed gag.[36]

Others have expressed an interest in seeing Gore run in 2008. According to the February 6, 2007 issue of The Santa Barbara Independent, when Gore received The Sir David Attenborough Award for Excellence in Nature Filmmaking at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival on February 2, director James Cameron (who presented him with the award) stated: "[I] beseech Mr. Gore to step up to the plate one more time!" [37] Furthermore, the February 8, 2007 edition of The Washington Post notes in the article Supporters Push Gore to Run in 2008, "Veterans of Al Gore's past are quietly assembling a campaign to draft the former vice president into the 2008 presidential race - despite his repeated statements that he's not running [...] In 2002, Gore asked [Dylan] Malone, to stop a draft effort he had begun; Malone did. Malone started up again and, so far, Gore hasn't waved him off."[38]

The question of whether or not Gore will run is the cover story of the May 28, 2007 issue of TIME magazine, The Last Temptation of Al Gore. [39]

On June 26, 2007, Taiwanese news source CNA reported that the public relations firm that handles Gore's schedule notified Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) that Gore had canceled all his engagements for the second half of the year and therefore would not come to speak about climate change as scheduled. A DPP legislator reportedly said that the PR firm told her that all of Gore's appointments have been canceled because he is "seriously considering whether to run" for President. "[40]

On June 28, 2007 it was reported on MSNBC's Scarborough Country that Gore was leading the polls in New Hampshire, even though he was not in the presidential race. [41]

Private citizen

In 2001, Gore accepted visiting professorships at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, [42] Fisk University [43] Middle Tennessee State University, [44] and UCLA. [45] At the same time, Gore also became Vice Chairman of Los Angeles financial firm Metropolitan West Financial LLC.

On May 4, 2004, INdTV Holdings, a company co-founded by Gore and Joel Hyatt, purchased cable news channel NewsWorld International from Vivendi Universal. The new network would not "be a liberal network, a Democratic network or a political network", Gore said, but would serve as an "independent voice" for a target audience of people between 18 and 34 "who want to learn about the world in a voice they recognize and a view they recognize as their own."[46] The network was relaunched under the name Current TV on August 1, 2005.

In late 2004, Gore launched an investment firm Generation Investment Management, which he chairs, to seek out companies taking a responsible view on big global issues like climate change. It was created to assist the growing demand for an investment style which can bring returns by blending traditional equity research with a focus on more intangible non-financial factors such as social and environmental responsibility and corporate governance.

In September 2005, Gore chartered two aircraft to evacuate 270 evacuees from New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina.[47] He was highly critical of the government and federal response in the days after the hurricane.

On March 22, 2007, Gore was awarded an honorary doctorate by Concordia University during the Youth Action Montreal's Youth Summit on Climate Change in Quebec, Canada.[48]

In early 2007, Børge Brende, a former minister of environment and then of trade in Norway, told The Associated Press that he and political opponent Heidi Sørensen, both members of Norway's Storting, had nominated Al Gore for the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to draw the world's attention to the dangers of global warming. Norwegian lawmakers are among the thousands of people and groups with rights to nominate Nobel candidates. The secretive Nobel committee never comments on specific nominations, but members often note that anyone can be nominated. In 2006 there were 191 nominations for the prize.[49]

In April 2007, Gore was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He will be inducted in a ceremony in October 2007 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Promoting environmental awareness

Gore giving his global warming talk on April 7, 2006

According to a February 27, 2007 article in The Concord Monitor, "Gore was one of the first politicians to grasp the seriousness of climate change and to call for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouses gases. He held the first congressional hearings on the subject in the late 1970s."[50] During his tenure in Congress, Gore co-sponsored hearings on toxic waste in 1978–79, and hearings on global warming in the 1980s.[51]

On Earth Day 1994, Gore launched the worldwide GLOBE program, a hands-on, school-based education and science activity that made extensive use of the Internet to increase student awareness of their environment and contribute research data for scientists.

In the late 1990s, Gore strongly pushed for the passage of the Kyoto Treaty, which called for reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.[52][53] He was opposed by the Senate, which passed unanimously (95-0) the Byrd-Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98),[54][55] which stated the sense of the Senate was that the United States should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or "would result in serious harm to the economy of the United States". On November 12, 1998, Gore symbolically signed the protocol. Both Gore and Senator Joseph Lieberman indicated that the protocol would not be acted upon in the Senate until there was participation by the developing nations.[56] The Clinton Administration never submitted the protocol to the Senate for ratification.

In recent years, Gore has remained busy traveling the world speaking and participating in events mainly aimed towards global warming awareness and prevention. His keynote presentation on global warming has received standing ovations, and he has presented it at least 1,000 times.

Gore is a vocal proponent of carbon neutrality, buying a carbon offset each time he travels by aircraft.[57] Gore and his family drive hybrid vehicles.[58]

Interest in Al Gore's speeches reached such a point that a public lecture at University of Toronto on February 21, 2007, on the topic of global warming, led to a crash of the ticket sales website within minutes of opening.[59] A few weeks later, he spoke at another event in the same city and, for the first time, made the argument that employers have a significant role to play in mobilizing their employees to take action on climate change.[60]

During Global Warming Awareness Month, on February 9, 2007, Al Gore and Richard Branson announced the Virgin Earth Challenge, a competition offering a $25 million prize for the first person or organization to produce a viable design which results in the removal of atmospheric greenhouse gases.[61]

Live Earth Concerts will be held on July 7, 2007 as part of Save Our Selves — The Campaign for a Climate in Crisis. Concerts will be held on all seven continents: Shanghai, China; Sydney, Australia; Johannesburg, South Africa; London, England; Brazil; Japan; the United States and Antarctica.[62]

File:AlGoreWin.jpg
Al Gore during the acceptance speech for An Inconvenient Truth with other members of the crew

Gore starred in the documentary film An Inconvenient Truth, which won the 2007 Academy Award for Documentary Feature.[63] The Oscar was awarded to director Davis Guggenheim, who asked Gore to join him and other members of the crew on stage. During this time, Gore gave a brief speech:

My fellow Americans, people all over the world, we need to solve the climate crisis. It's not a political issue; it's a moral issue. We have everything we need to get started, with the possible exception of the will to act. That's a renewable resource. Let's renew it.

— Al Gore[64]

The film, released on May 24, 2006, documents the evidence for anthropogenic global warming and warns of the consequences of people not making immediate changes to their behavior. In late July, it surpassed Bowling for Columbine as the third-highest-grossing documentary in U.S. history.[65] Gore also published a book of the same title, which became a bestseller.

Gore has made also made numerous appearances in popular culture related to environmentalism. He appeared twice on Saturday Night Live, hosting on December 14, 2002 (episode #533) and May 13, 2006 (episode #603). In an opening sketch, Gore is in a parallel Earth in which he won the 2000 Presidential race. Gore describes the state of the nation: global warming has been stopped; gasoline costs 19¢ a gallon; George W. Bush is Baseball Commissioner; welfare and Social Security have been reformed and America now enjoys universal health care; Gore helped develop an anti-hurricane/tornado machine; and the federal surplus is down to eleven trillion dollars. Gore also appeared on the Weekend Update sketch and engaged in a debate on global warming with Amy Poehler.

File:Al Gore on Futurama.JPG
Gore as depicted in the Futurama episode "Crimes of the Hot".

Gore has twice appeared as a guest star on the television series Futurama, for which his daughter Kristin was a writer from 2001-2003. During the course of his 2000 presidential campaign, Gore cited Futurama and The Simpsons as his two favorite popular culture shows;[66] Futurama producer David X. Cohen noticed these remarks in print and offered Gore the chance to appear in the 2000 season finale. He thus appeared in the episode "Anthology of Interest I", where he led his team of "Vice Presidential Action Rangers" in their goal to protect the space-time continuum.[67]

In 2002, Gore appeared again on Futurama in the episode "Crimes of the Hot", voicing his own preserved head in a jar. Gore lampooned himself in the episode, with his head claiming credit for inventing the environment, writing the books Earth in the Balance and the more popular Harry Potter and the Balance of Earth, and becoming the first emperor of the moon.[68] Gore later used a short clip from this episode to explain how global warming works in his presentations and in An Inconvenient Truth.[69] Gore's willingness to poke fun at himself on the show was later cited by pundits as an example of the way he re-invented the purportedly stiff and emotionless persona that he had displayed in public before his electoral loss in 2000.[70] In a review of the episode, Washington Post writer Howard Kurtz called it a "groundbreaking role" and suggested that it was "post-election reemergence ... as carefully choreographed as a political campaign".[71] Gore will reprise the role in the upcoming December 2007 film, Futurama: Bender's Big Score.[72]

Internet and technology

Main article: Al Gore's contributions to the internet and technology

Al Gore was involved in the development and mainstreaming of the Internet as both Senator and Vice-President. Campbell-Kelly and Aspray note in Chapter 12 of their 1996 text, Computer: A History of the Information Machine, that up until the early 1990s, public usage of the Internet was limited. They continue to state that the "problem of giving ordinary Americans network access had exercised Senator Al Gore since the late 1970s" leading him to develop legislation which would alleviate this problem. [73] Gore thus began to craft the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill" [74]) after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network[75] submitted to Congress by a group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet).[76]

Family

Gore had an elder sister, Nancy Gore Hunger. She died of lung cancer in 1984.[77]

Gore has four children: Karenna Gore (born August 6, 1973), married to Drew Schiff; Kristin Gore (born June 5, 1977); Sarah (born January 7, 1979); and Al Gore III (born October 19, 1982). The Gores also have two grandchildren: Wyatt (born July 4, 1999) and Anna Schiff. The Gores reside in Nashville, Tennessee, and own a small farm near Carthage; they attend New Salem Missionary Baptist Church in Carthage. In late 2005 the Gores bought a condominium at San Francisco's St. Regis.[78]

Electoral history

2000 United States Presidential Election
George W. Bush (R) - 271 Electoral Votes (47.9% of popular vote)
Al Gore (D) - 266 Electoral Votes (48.4% of popular vote)
Ralph Nader (Green) 2.7% of popular vote
Pat Buchanan (Reform) 0.4% of popular vote
Harry Browne (Libertarian) 0.4% of popular vote
Howard Phillips (Constitution) 0.1% of popular vote
John Hagelin (Natural Law) 0.1% of popular vote
1996 United States Presidential Election (Vice President's seat)
Al Gore (D) (inc.) - 397 Electoral Votes (49.2% of popular vote)
Jack Kemp (R) 40.7% - 159 Electoral Votes (40.7% of popular vote)
Pat Choate 8.4% of popular vote
Jo Jorgensen (Libertarian) 0.5% of popular vote
Herbert Titus (Taxpayers) 0.2% of popular vote
Michael Tompkins (Natural Law) 0.1% of popular vote
1992 United States Presidential Election (Vice President's seat)
Al Gore (D) - 370 Electoral Votes (43.0% of popular vote)
Dan Quayle (R) (inc.) - 168 Electoral Votes (37.4% of popular vote)
James Stockdale (I) 18.9% of popular vote
Nancy Lord (Libertarian) 0.3% of popular vote
Cy Minett (Populist) 0.1% of popular vote
1984 Tennessee United States Senatorial Election
Al Gore (D) 60.7% of popular vote
Victor Ashe (R) 33.8% of popular vote
Ed McAteer (I) 5.3% of popular vote

See also

Bibliography

Books and other publications
  • Gore, Al (2007). The Assault on Reason. New York: Penguin. ISBN 1594201226.
  • Gore, Al (2006). An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We can do about it. New York: Rodale Books. ISBN 1594865671.
  • Gore, Al (2002). Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family. ISBN 0805074503. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gore, Al (2002). The Spirit of Family. ISBN 0805068945. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gore, Al (2001). From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less. ISBN 158963571X.
  • Gore, Al (1998). Common Sense Government: Works Better & Costs Less: National Performance Review (3rd Report). ISBN 0788139088.
  • Gore, Al (1997). Businesslike Government: lessons learned from America's best companies. ISBN 0788170538. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  • Gore, Al (1992). Earth in the Balance: Forging a New Common Purpose. Earthscan. ISBN 0618056645.
Articles, reports, and speeches

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037426/Al-Gore
  2. ^ George W. Bush, et al., Petitioners v. Albert Gore, Jr., et al., 531 U.S. 98 (2000).
  3. ^ "The Resurrection of Al Gore". Wired Magazine. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  4. ^ "Albert Gore Jr.: Son of a senator". CNN. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  5. ^ Zelnick, Bob (1999). Al Gore: A Political Life. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 0-89526-326-2.
  6. ^ a b "Albert A. Gore, Jr., 45th Vice President (1993-2001)". United States Senate. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  7. ^ "Jones, Tommy Lee". Biography. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  8. ^ "Gore Chronology". PBS. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  9. ^ "For Gore, Army Years Mixed Vietnam and Family Politics". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  10. ^ "More Al Gore on Homeland Security". Houghton Mifflin. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  11. ^ "For Gore, a 'Sordid Crusade'". Washington Post. Retrieved 2007-02-24.
  12. ^ "Al Gore: A Baptist". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
  13. ^ "Al Gore, boy reporter". Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  14. ^ a b Gore Chronology up to 2000 Frontline PBS.org
  15. ^ "The Clinton-Gore Economic Record". United States Executive. Retrieved 2007-02-25.
  16. ^ announcement of National Performance Review
  17. ^ "REMARKS BY VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE: OPENING SESSION OF INTERNATIONAL REGO CONFERENCE". January 14, 1999"
  18. ^ Wall Street Journal, November 11, 1993, page A14;
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  29. ^ Morgan, Spencer. "Albert Gore: Dad's Doing Well, Not Running in 2008", New York Observer December 14, 2006.
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  40. ^ "Former U.S. Vice President May Not Come to Taiwan". CNA. June 26, 2007.
  41. ^ [[1] Gore Leading Polls
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  43. ^ "Al Gore To Teach At Fisk University - Brief Article". findarticles.com. COPYRIGHT 2001 Johnson Publishing Co.. COPYRIGHT 2001 Gale Group.
  44. ^ "The Faculty: Al Gore". ©2001-02 Middle Tennessee State University.
  45. ^ "TRAINING THE NEXT COMMUNITY BUILDERS: Gore taps faculty expertise". Copyright 2001 UC Regents.
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  48. ^ "Hon Doc for Al Gore". Concordia Journal. Retrieved 2007-06-14.
  49. ^ "And the Nobel Peace Prize goes to ... Al Gore? He 'has put climate change on the agenda,' two Norwegian sponsors say", Associated Press, February 1, 2007
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  51. ^ "The Political Climate". PBS. April 22, 2005.
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  53. ^ "Vice President Gore: Strong Environmental Leadership for the New Millennium". Retrieved 2006-09-01.
  54. ^ "Text of the Byrd-Hagel Resolution". 1997-07-25. Retrieved 2006-11-05. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  55. ^ "U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 105th Congress - 1st Session:S.Res. 98". 1997-07-25. Retrieved 2007-01-31. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  56. ^ "Clinton Hails Global Warming Pact". All Politics. CNN. 1997-12-11. Retrieved 2006-11-05. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  57. ^ "Born Again". Guardian Unlimited. May 31, 2006.
  58. ^ "Larry King Live — Interview with Al Gore". CNN. June 13, 2006.
  59. ^ "An Inconvenient Rush: Thousands out of luck as Gore talk sells out in minutes". Toronto Star. February 8, 2007.
  60. ^ "Thank you for attending the 2007 Top Employer Summit". (Picture of Al Gore speaking). Canada's Top 100 Employers.
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  62. ^ "AL GORE, KEVIN WALL, PHARRELL, MANÁ, CAMERON DIAZ LAUNCH UNPRECEDENTED CAMPAIGN, CONCERT TO COMBAT CLIMATE CRISIS". Live Earth.
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  66. ^ Lawrence, Jill (August 16, 2000). "Al Gore: A showman behind the reserve". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  67. ^ Associated Press (May 22, 2000). "Veep guest stars in TV cartoon". Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  68. ^ Associated Press (November 8, 2002). "Al Gore reprises role on 'Futurama' cartoon". Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  69. ^ Clarke, Donald (September 15, 2006). "You Go, Gore". Irish Times. Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. ^ Marlantes, Liz (September 19, 2002). "A 'new' Al Gore returns: front, not quite center". USA > Politics. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  71. ^ Kurtz, Howard (November 18, 2002). "Suddenly for Al Gore, Not a Moment to Lose". Washington Post. pp. C01. Retrieved 2007-06-06. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  72. ^ Zulkey, Jack (June 7, 2007). "Al Gore, The Futurama President". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2007-06-08. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. ^ Campbell-Kelly and Aspray (1996).Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: BasicBooks, 298
  74. ^ "Computher History Museum Exhibits:1991". computerhistory.org. Computer History Museum. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
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  77. ^ "Film review: An Inconvenient Truth". smh.com.au. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
  78. ^ "Al Gore's Move to San Francisco Generates Real Estate Buzz". Newswire. Retrieved 2007-02-24.


Template:USRSBTemplate:USRSB
Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 2) from Tennessee
1985–1993
Served alongside: James R. Sasser 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic Party vice presidential candidate
1992 (won), 1996 (won) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Vice President of the United States
January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Democratic Party presidential nominee
2000 (lost) 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States order of precedence
as of 2007 		Succeeded by


Template:Persondata

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