Future of robotics
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This article is about the future of robotics for civil use.
Robots may soon be everywhere, in homes and at work. They could change the way humans live. If this happens, it will most likely raise many philosophical, social, and political questions that will have to be answered. In science fiction robots become so intelligent that they decide to take over the world because humans are deemed inferior. In real life however they might not choose to do that. Robots might follow rules such as Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics, that will prevent them from doing so. When the Singularity happens robot will be indistinguishable from human beings and some people may become Cyborgs, with some parts half biological and half artificial.
Types of Robots
Humanoid robots
Lara is the first humanoid robot with artificial muscles (metal alloy strands that instantly contract when heated by electric current) [1] [2] instead of electric motors (2006).
Asimo (video on YouTube) is one of the most advanced projects as of 2006.
Modular robots Modular robots can be built from standard building blocks that can be combined in different ways.
- Utility fog.
- M-Tran - a snake-like modular robot that uses genetic algorithms to evolve walking programs
- Self replicating robots [3] [4] - modular robots that can produce copies of themselves using existing blocks.
- Swarmanoid [5] [6] is a project that uses 3 specialized classes of robots (footbots, handbots and eyebots) to create an effective swarm. Such swarm should be able, for example, to tidy a bedroom with each robot doing what it is best at.
Educational toy robots
Sports Robots
Applications
- Caterpillar plans to develop remote controlled machines and expects to develop fully autonomous heavy robots by 2021 [7]. Some cranes already are remote controlled.
- It was demonstrated that a robot can perform a herding [8] task.
- Robots are increasingly used in manufacturing (since 1960s). In auto industry they can amount for more than half of the "labor". There are even "lights off" factories such as an IBM keyboard manufacturing factory in Texas that are 100% automated.
- Robots such as HOSPI [9] are used as couriers in hospitals, etc. Other hospital tasks performed by robots are receptionists, guides and porters helpers, [10] (not to mention surgical robot helpers such as Da Vinci)
- Robots can serve as waiters [11] [12] and cooks [13].
Economic impact
Given that in the next two decades robots will be capable of replacing humans in most manufacturing and service jobs, economic development will be primarily determined by the advancement of robotics. Given Japan's current strength in this field, it may well become the economic leader in the next 20 years (part 1, part 2). Marshall Brain also discusses the emergence of robotic economy [14].
Market evolution
Today's market is not fully mature. One or more software compatibility layers have yet to emerge to allow the development of a rich robotics ecosystem (similar to today's personal computer's one). Microsoft is currently working in this direction with its new software Microsoft Robotics Studio. Other candidates to reach this goal might be Free Software solutions such as Player/Stage or innovative technologies such as URBI.
Timeline
Developments related to robotics from the NISTEP [1] 2030 report :
- 2013-2014 — agricultural robots (AgRobots[2], [3]).
- 2013-2017 — robots that care for the elderly
- 2017 — medical robots performing low-invasive surgery
- 2017-2019 — household robots with full use.
- ???' — Nanorobots
Robotics in 2020
Robots may be commonplace: in home, factories, agriculture, building & construction, undersea, space, mining, hospitals and streets; for repair, construction, maintenance, security, entertainment, companionship, care.
Purposes of these Robots:
- Robotized space vehicles and facilities
- Anthropomorphic general-purpose robots with hands like humans used for factory jobs - Intelligent robots for unmanned plants - Totally automated factories will be commonplace.
- Robots for guiding blind people and home automation for the elderly and disabled.
- Robots for almost any job in home or hospital, including Robo-surgery.
- Housework robots for cleaning, washing, transporting etc - Domestic robots will be small, specialized and attractive (= cuddly).
Properties of these robots:
- Autonomous, with environmental awareness sensors .
- Self recharging, self diagnostic and self repairing.
- More sophisticated artificial brains, perhaps with ten thousand or more cells, combined with electronic circuits.
References
Notes
See also
Links
- List of robotics projects
- Overview of robotics - brief but complete (in Russian)
- Robot whiskers - 3D resolution achieved with a low-cost mechanical sensor.
- Investigation of social robots - Robots that mimic human behaviors and gestures.
- Wired's guide to the '50 best robots ever', a mix of robots in fiction (Hal, R2D2, K9) to real robots (Roomba, Mobot, Aibo).
- RobotNet has its finger on the pulse of recent developments in robotics.
- Robotic Nation How robots will affect our economy.
- ANDROID WORLD
- American association for artificial intelligence
- American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).
