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George Metesky

[1]

  • many bomb scares/ hoaxes
  • plagued the city
  • "high anxiety"
  • Paramount 'last straw'
  • collateral damage/ side effects / (guy jailed)
  • "The publicity started in late December, creating a great number of false confessions and poor quality //false// leads, but leading to positive results."
  • "match was made certain when... injury date
  • many suspects were investigated based on public tips as well
  • sugar wafers
  • gunpowder, a battery and a watch inside the //cyl// pipe
  • "and targets seemed to have little to do with one another" ... He began leaving notes at sites which connected his targets: "Wherever a wire runs...gas or steam flows...from or to the Con Edison Company.. is now a bomb target...my life is dedicated to the task."


//temphead//

George P. Metesky (November 2 1903 – May 23 1994), better known as the Mad Bomber, terrorized New York City for 16 years in the 1940s and 1950s with explosives he planted in theaters, terminals, libraries and offices. Bombs were left in phone booths, storage lockers and restrooms in public buildings including Grand Central Terminal (five times), Pennsylvania Station (five), Radio City Music Hall (three), the New York Public Library (two), the Port Authority Bus Terminal (two), the RCA Building and Macy's, as well as in the subway system. Perhaps most notably, Metesky bombed movie theaters, where he slipped his devices into the underside of seats.[2]

Metesky planted at least 33 bombs, of which 22 exploded, injuring 15 people.[3] He was apprehended based on an early use of criminal profiling and clues given in letters he wrote to a newspaper. He was found legally insane and committed to a state mental hospital.[4][5]

Pennsylvania Station (1962)

Industrial accident

Following World War I, Metesky joined the U.S. Marines, serving as a specialist electrician at the United States Consulate in Shanghai. Returning home, he went to work as a mechanic for a subsidiary of the Consolidated Edison utility company and lived in Waterbury, Connecticut with his two unmarried sisters. In 1931, Metesky was working as a generator wiper at the company's Hell Gate generating plant when a boiler backfire produced a blast of hot gases. The blast knocked Metesky down and the fumes filled his lungs, choking him. The accident left him disabled, and after collecting 26 weeks of sick pay he lost his job. According to claims disputed by Consolidated Edison, the accident led to pneumonia that in turn developed into tuberculosis. A claim for workers' compensation was denied because he waited too long to file it. Three appeals of the denial were also rejected, the last in 1936. He developed a hatred for the company's attorneys and for the three co-workers whose testimony in his compensation case he believed was perjured in favor of the company.[6][7][8][9]

He planted his first bomb on November 18, 1940, leaving it on a window sill at Consolidated Edison's power plant at 170 West 64th Street in Manhattan.[2]

Bombs

His first two bombs drew little attention, but the string of random bombings that began in 1951 frayed the city's nerves and taxed the resources of the New York City Police Department (NYPD). // hoaxes // Metesky often placed warning calls to the buildings where he had planted bombs, but would not specify the bomb's exact location; he wrote to newspapers warning that he planned to plant more.

Metesky's bombs were gunpowder-filled pipe bombs, ranging in size from four to ten inches long and from one-half inch to two inches in diameter. Investigators at bomb sites learned to look for a woolen sock – Metesky used these to transport the bombs and sometimes to suspend them from a rail or projection.[4]

1940–1941

Metesky's first bomb was crude, with a triggering mechanism made of sugar and flashlight batteries. Enclosed in a wooden toolbox and left on a Consolidated Edison power plant window sill, it was found before it could go off. A note signed "F.P." was wrapped around it. The note, written in distinctive block letters, stated "CON EDISON CROOKS - THIS IS FOR YOU." Some investigators wondered if perhaps the bomber had intended the bomb to be a dud, since if it had exploded the note would have been obliterated.

A bomb with a similar triggering mechanism was found a year later, left in the street about four blocks away from another Con Edison site. This one was also a dud.[4]

1951–1956

Metesky planted no bombs between 1941 and 1951, choosing instead to send crank letters and postcards to police stations, private citizens and newspapers. Investigators studying the penciled, block-lettered messages noted that the letters G and Y had an odd shape, possibly indicating an education abroad.[4]

Metesky's next bomb was no dud. On March 29, 1951, it startled commuters in Grand Central Terminal but injured no one. It had been dropped into a sand urn near the Oyster Bar on the terminal's lower level. The long hiatus and the bomb's improved construction techniques led investigators to believe that the bomber had been in the military.[10] In April, the next bomb exploded in a telephone booth in the New York Public Library. No one was injured, and damage was slight.[11][12]

Metesky planted four more bombs in 1951. Three of them went off, including one in a telephone booth at the Consolidated Edison building on Irving Place.[13] He also mailed one bomb, from White Plains to Consolidated Edison. This one did not go off. During 1952 and 1953, six Metesky bombs exploded in public places around the city. The first bomb recorded as causing any injuries


exploded in March 1954, slightly injuring three men in a Grand Central men's room. The bomb had been wedged between a washbasin and a wall.[14] Some bombs came with notes, but the note never revealed a motive, or a reason for choosing that particular location.[15][9]

A Metesky bomb exploded near the Oyster Bar again in May 1953, this time in a coin-operated luggage locker, again with no injuries. The police described the bomb as the homemade product of a "publicity-seeking jerk".[16]

In February 1956 a 74-year-old men's room attendant at Pennsylvania Station was seriously injured by flying porcelain when a bomb in a toilet bowl exploded. After a young man told him about an obstruction in a toilet, the attendant tried to clear it using a plunger. The explosion ensued. Among the shattered porcelain and fragments of the bomb, investigators found a watch frame and an old sock.[17]

In August 1956 a guard at the RCA Building in Rockefeller Center found a piece of pipe about five inches long in a telephone booth. Another guard thought it might be useful in a plumbing project and took it home to New Jersey, where it exploded on his kitchen table early the next morning. No one was injured.[18]

At the height of the bombings, people feared that their subway station would be the next to be attacked and traveled around the city by bus.[9]

A December 2, 1956 Metesky bombing at the Paramount movie theater in Brooklyn left six of the theater's 1,500 occupants injured and drew heavy media attention.[2]

On December 24, 1956, a New York Public Library book clerk dropped a coin on the floor of a phone booth. Looking up after he bent to retrieve it, he saw a maroon-colored sock held by a magnet to the underside of the phone shelf. The sock contained an iron pipe with threaded caps on both ends. After consulting with other employees, he threw the device out a window into Bryant Park, eventually bringing more than 60 NYPD police officers and detectives to the scene.[19] In a letter written to the New York Journal American, Metesky claimed that the bomb thrown from the window of the Public Library, as well as one found that same week at the Times Square Paramount Theatre, had been planted months before.[20]

Eight months after Metesky's arrest, a bomb missed by several police searches was discovered by an upholsterer repairing a vandalized Lexington Avenue Loew's theater seat. The bomb was the last of the three Metesky said he had planted in that theater. The other two had exploded, one in June 1952 and one in December 1952, with the December explosion causing one injury. Two other bombs that Metesky claimed to have planted were still unaccounted for, one at a Con Edison site on the East River and the other at the Embassy Theater at 7th Avenue and 47th. With the finding of the Loew's bomb, police closed their "Mad Bomber" case, saying that their searches of the remaining two locations had been so thorough that they were satisfied that the bombs were no longer there, if indeed they had ever been there.[21]

Other bombs and bomb scares of the era

Search for the bomber

The theory that the bomber was a former Consolidated Edison employee with an unknown grudge was the //keynote//prime mover// throughout the investigation//but many false leads/tips//investigated many suspects 'tipped' on/false leads. The NYPD established a Bomb Investigation Unit to work on nothing else.

On April 4, 1956 the police department issued a 13-state alert for a person pictured as a skilled mechanic with access to a drill press or lathe, over 40 years old, with a "deep seated hatred of the Consolidated Edison Company".// more // [22]

The day after the December 2, 1956 bombing at the Brooklyn Paramount left six injured, Police Commissioner Stephen P. Kennedy ordered what he called the "greatest manhunt in the history of the Police Department."/////more// [23]

On December 10, police distributed samples of the bomber's distinctive printing and asked anyone who might recognize it to notify the police.[24]

In August 1956, police distributed warning circulars picturing a homemade bomb similar to those that were exploding around town.[25]

  • dec 25 1956 EXTENSIVE SUMMARY[4]

A review of drivers' license applications in White Plains, the city favored by the bomber for posting his mail, found similarities in 500 of them to the printing in the bomber's letters. The applicant names were sent to the NYPD to be checked.[20]

Criminal profile

The Brooklyn Paramount bombing was //the last straw.// The NYPD bomb squad, fingerprint experts, handwriting experts and others had worked on the case with fierce concentration and gotten nowhere. Out of clues and with traditional police methods useless against Metesky's erratic bombing campaign, the police approached Dr. James Brussel, a psychiatrist and Assistant Commissioner of the New York State Commission for Mental Hygiene with an unusual request.

Brussel produced the following criminal profile of the bomber:

"It's a man. Paranoiac. He's middle-aged, forty to fifty years old, introvert. Well proportioned in build. He's single. A loner, perhaps living with an older female relative. He is very neat, tidy and clean shaven. Good education, but of foreign extraction. Skilled mechanic, neat with tools. Not interested in women. He's a Slav. Religious. Might flare up violently at work when criticized. Possible motive: discharge or reprimand. Feels superior to his critics. Resentment keeps growing. His letters are posted from Westchester, and he wouldn't be stupid enough to post them from where he lives. He probably mails the letters between his home and New York City. One of the biggest concentration of Poles is in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and to get from there to New York you have to pass through Westchester. He has had a bad disease - possibly heart trouble."

From evidence including crime-scene photos and the bomber's postcards and letters, Brussel derived a number of insights – besides the obvious grudge against Consolidated Edison, the bomber was male, unmarried, a Slav (Metesky's father was Lithuanian), a Catholic, in his 50s, living in Connecticut, a genuine paranoiac, self-educated and suffering from an oedipus complex, meticulous in dress and manner, and had an inadequate sex life - deduced from the rounded "w's" in his handwriting - which represented breasts. Brussel additionally predicted that when the bomber was caught, he would be wearing a double-breasted suit, buttoned. Brussel convinced the police to heavily publicize the profile, predicting it would gain a response from the bomber. The New York City newspapers published the profile on Christmas Day, December 25, 1956. [The New York Times version of the profile[4] differs somewhat from the one above.]

Journal-American letters

On December 26, the New York Journal American published an open letter, prepared in cooperation with the police, that urged the bomber to give himself up. The newspaper promised a "fair trial" and offered to publish his grievances. Metesky wrote back the next day, signing his letter "F.P.". He said that he would not be giving himself up, and revealed a wish to "bring the Con. Edison to justice". He listed all the locations where he had placed bombs that year, and seemed concerned that perhaps some had not yet been discovered. Another part of the letter said, "My days on earth are numbered—most of my adult life has been spent in bed—my one consolation is—that I can strike back—even from my grave—for the dastardly acts against me." After some editing by the police, the newspaper published Metesky's letter on January 10, along with another open letter asking him for more information about his grievances.[20]

Metesky's second letter provided some details about the materials used in the bombs (he had a preference for pistol powder, as "shotgun powder has very little power"), promised a bombing "truce" until at least March 1, and stated "I was injured on job at Consolidated Edison plant—as a result I am adjudged—totally and permanently disabled", going on to say that he had to pay his own medical bills and that Consolidated Edison had blocked his workers' compensation case. He also stated, "I tried to get my story to the press", "I typed tens of thousands of words (about 800,000)—nobody cared", and "I determined to make these dastardly acts known—I have had plenty of time to think—I decided on bombs." After police editing, the newspaper published the letter on January 15 and asked the bomber for "further details and dates" about his compensation case so that a new and fair hearing could be held.

Metesky's third letter was received by the newspaper on Saturday, January 19. The letter complained about lying on "cold concrete" after his injury without any first aid being rendered, then developing pneumonia and later tuberculosis. The letter added details about his lost compensation case and the "perjury" of his co-workers; it gave the date of his injury, September 5,1931; and suggested that if he didn't have a family that would be "branded" by his giving himself up, he might consider doing so to get his compensation case reopened. He thanked the Journal American for publicizing his case and said "the bombings will never be resumed." This letter was published Tuesday, the day after Metesky was arrested.[9][6]

Identified

Con Edison clerk Alice Kelly had read the Christmas Day profile and for days had been scouring company compensation files for employees with a health problem. On Friday, January 18 while searching the final batch of "troublesome" worker's compensation case files, those where threats were made or implied, she found a file marked in red with the words "injustice" and "permanent disability", words that had been printed in the Journal American. The file indicated that one George Metesky, an employee from 1929 to 1931, had been injured in a plant accident on September 5,1931. Several angry letters from Metesky in the file used wording similar to that used by F.P., including the phrase "dastardly deeds". The police were notified.[8][6][26]

Although the NYPD officially credited Kelly with turning up the clue that led to Metesky's arrest, she declined to claim the reward of $25,000 offered by the New York City Board of Estimate and $1,000 by the New York City PBA, saying she had merely been doing her job. Consolidated Edison's board of directors also declined to file for the reward, prompting a group of shareholders to file as representatives of Kelly and the company.[27][28]

Police investigators who later reviewed the path that led them to Metesky said that Con Edison had impeded their investigation for almost two years by repeatedly telling them that the records of employees whose services were terminated prior to 1940, the group Metesky was in, had been destroyed. The investigators said that they had learned of the records' existence through a confidential tip, and that even in the face of police demands and formal requests Con Edison stalled, declaring that the papers were legal documents and that the company's legal department would have to be consulted before granting access.[27][15]

Arrested

NYPD detectives arrived at Metesky's home with a search warrant shortly before midnight on Monday, January 21, 1957. They asked him for a handwriting sample, and to make a letter G. He made the G, looked up and said, "I know why you fellows are here. You think I'm the Mad Bomber." The detectives asked what the signature "F.P." stood for, and he responded, "F.P. stands for Fair Play."

He led them to the garage workshop, where they found his lathe. Back in the house they found pipes and connectors suitable for bombs hidden in the pantry, as well as three cheap pocket watches, flashlight batteries, brass terminal knobs, and unmatched woolen socks of the type used to transport the bombs and sometimes suspend them from a nail or other projection.[6][29] Metesky had answered the door in pajamas; when he was ordered to get dressed for the trip to Waterbury Police Headquarters, he reappeared wearing a double-breasted suit, buttoned.

Questioned

Metesky told the arresting officers that he had been "gassed" in the Con Edison accident, had contracted tuberculosis as a result, and started planting bombs because he "got a bum deal". Going over a police list of 32 bomb locations, but never using the word "bomb", he remembered the exact date where each "unit" had been placed and its size. He then added to the police list the size, date and location of 15 early bombs the police had not known about – all left at Con Edison locations, and apparently never reported. When his Con Edison bombs were not mentioned in the newspapers, he started planting bombs in public places to gain publicity for the "injustices" done him.[7] He also cleared up the mystery of why no bombs were planted during World War II – the ex-Marine abstained during the war "for patriotic reasons".[30]

In their search, police found parts for a bomb that would have been larger than any of the others. Metesky explained that it was intended for the New York Coliseum.[7]

Charged

  • Indicted, statute of limitations[1]

http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70A12F73954177B93C3AA178AD85F438585F9

Committed to Matteawan

Metesky, now suffering from advanced tuberculosis, admitted to placing 32 bombs and was indicted for attempted murder, damaging a building by explosion, endangering life and violation of the Sullivan law. After hearing from psychiatric experts during pre-trial hearings, the judge declared Metesky a paranoid schizophrenic, "hopeless and incurable", and found him legally insane. On April 18, 1957, Metesky was committed to the Matteawan Hospital for the Criminally Insane at Beacon, New York.[5]

While Metesky was at Matteawan, the Journal American hired a leading workers' compensation attorney to try to reopen his disallowed claim for the 1931 injury, on the grounds that Metesky was mentally incompetent at the time and did not know his rights. The appeal was denied.[31]

Metesky was unresponsive to psychiatric treatment but caused no trouble. Visited occasionally by Dr. Brussel, he would point out that he had deliberately built his bombs not to kill anyone.[32]

Released

Metesky was declared harmless and released on December 13, 1973. When interviewed by a reporter at the time of his release, he said that he had forsworn violence, but reaffirmed his anger against Consolidated Edison. He also stated that before he began planting his bombs, "I wrote 900 letters to the Mayor, to the Police Commissioner, to the newspapers, and I never even got a penny postcard back. Then I went to the newspapers to try to buy advertising space, but all of them turned me down. I was compelled to bring my story to the public." Metesky returned to his home in Waterbury, where he died twenty years later at the age of 90.[33]

Contemporaneous bombs and bomb scares

  • //<bombings and>bomb threats were //common in the era, ////, too numerous to list, but A SAMPLING OF NEWS STORIES

On the Fourth of July 1940, two NYPD officers were killed and five others injured while examining a ticking time bomb in an overnight bag they had just carried from the British Pavilion to an isolated area. The bomb left a three-foot-deep hole in the ground and blew every leaf off a nearby tree. Two weeks earlier, time bombs that injured nine people were set off at the offices of the German Consulate General and Communist newspaper Daily Worker. These bombings were followed two days later by telephoned threats to blow up the Brooklyn Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, and Williamsburg Bridge. On July 6 a telephoned threat was made advising that the Consolidated Edison storage tanks on West 66th Street were about to be blown up, resulting in the tanks and other Con Edison facilities being placed under special guard.[34][35][36]

Perhaps feeding Metesky's thoughts, a one-paragraph article in The New York Times of October 30, 1940 reported that in mid-afternoon of the previous day a telephone call advised that the 27-story Consolidated Edison Building on Irving Place "would be blown up in half an hour". A search by 150 guards and policemen found no bomb.[37]

  • jumpy about the war in Europe, German Bund activity



On October 22, 1951 the New York Herald Tribune received a special delivery letter printed in penciled block letters, stating "Bombs will continue until the Consolidated Edison Company is brought to justice for their dastardly acts against me. I have exhausted all other means. I intend with bombs to cause others to cry out for justice for me." The letter sent police to the Paramount Theater in Times Square where a bomb was discovered and disabled, and to a telephone booth at Pennsylvania Station where nothing was found. This was not Metesky's work, but that of an imitator, Frederick Eberhardt, cable splicer and also a former Con Edison employee with a grudge.[38]

  • SUGAR BOMB SUSPECT IS SENT TO BELLEVUE[1]

http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40815F83A5A127B93CAA9178AD95F458585F9

'BOMB' CASE DISMISSED; Sugary Missile Bore No Threat in Writing, Court Is Told[1] http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F1FF9385F177B93C4A8178ED85F468585F9

At the peak of the bomb-hoax hysteria, police received more than 50 false bomb alarms on December 28, 1956 and at least 24 the next day. //false/dummy bombs// One false report caused the search of all 102 floors of the Empire State Building.[39]

A 63-year-old railroad worker picked up at Grand Central Terminal as a suspect died of a heart attack while being questioned at the station house.[39]

// 1951 3000 locker search "master key" penn or GCT[1]

Less than four years after Metesky was captured, a so-called "Sunday Bomber" operating on Sundays and holidays set off five bombs more powerful than Metesky's, the last an under-seat dynamite blast that killed one subway rider and injured 18. In all the Sunday Bomber killed one and injured 57, and was never apprehended. [40][9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j . The New York Times. yyyy-mm-dd. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help) Cite error: The named reference "NYT_yyyy-mm-dd" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b c "6 HURT IN BOMBING AT THEATRE HERE; 1,500 in Brooklyn Paramount as Crude Device Explodes". The New York Times. 1956-12-03. Retrieved 2007-09-14. A crude, homemade bomb exploded in the Brooklyn Paramount Theatre last night, injuring six persons. Fifteen hundred persons were in the theatre. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ "15 WERE INJURED BY BOMB BLASTS; 33 Devices, of Which 22 Went Off, Were Planted Here Over 16-Year Period – List of Bomb Sites". The New York Times. 1957-01-23. Retrieved 2007-09-dd. Between Nov. 18, 1940, and Dec. 24, 1956--a month more than sixteen years--the "Mad bomber" placed at least thirty-three homemade explosive devices. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f "16-Year Search for Madman; Edison Worker Sought HUNT FOR BOMBER COVERS 16 YEARS Grand Central Bombed – Writing Clues Explored – Trail Grows Hot – Crank Letters Traced – Psychiatrist Conceives Image". The New York Times. 1956-12-25. Retrieved 2007-09-21. For more than sixteen years, the police have searched for the cunning eccentric who has planted thirty-two homemade explosive engines—like the one that led to the clearing of Bryant Park yesterday—around midtown Manhattan. The 'bomber' has left no positive clue. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b "'BOMBER' ORDERED TO STATE HOSPITAL; Leibowitz Commits Metesky to Matteawan as 'Hopeless and Incurable Man' – Mental Factor Decisive". The New York Times. 1957-04-19. Retrieved 2007-09-14. George Metesky, the so-called "Mad Bomber," was committed to Matteawan Hospital for the Criminally Insane yesterday by Judge Samuel S. Leibowitz in Kings County Court. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ a b c d "The Bomber's Grievances Came to Light in a Series of Letters; PAPER RECEIVED DETAILED NOTES – Text of His Correspondence to Journal-American Tells of Bitterness Over Injury – Suspect's First Letter Sent From Westchester". The New York Times. 1957-01-23. Retrieved 2007-09-13. The clues in George Metesky's three recent letters to The New York Journal-American, which led the police to him after a search of sixteen years, were disclosed yesterday. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help) Cite error: The named reference "NYT_1957-01-23" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  7. ^ a b c Berger, Meyer (1957-01-25). "Twisted Course of 'Mad Bomber' Vengeance Traced in a Deeply Complex Personality – Was Pampered by Sisters – Silent on Vengeance Plans – Owned a .38 Revolver – Had Bomb for Coliseum – Almost Caught One Day – Avoided the Confessional". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-16. GEORGE P. METESKY, the machinist and electrician who planted forty-seven bombs in public places in the city between 1940 and the end of 1956, is a complex fellow. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. ^ a b Feinberg, Alexander (1957-01-23). "Edison Clerk Finds Case in File; Bomber's Words Alerted Her; Alice Kelly Tells of Uncovering Record in Documents--Company Says It Notified Detective Squad Last Friday Night". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-17. It was about 5 P.M. last Friday, almost quitting time, when Miss Alice G. Kelly, a senior office assistant at the Consolidated Edison Company, spotted a compensation case in the "dead" files. On top of this particular file, in red italics for emphasis, she noted the words "injustice" and "permanent disability". {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ a b c d e Delafuente, Charles (2004-09-10). "Terror in the Age of Eisenhower". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-18. There was a bomber on the loose in New York City. On the evening of Dec. 2, 1956, 1,500 people were at the Brooklyn Paramount Theater watching 'War and Peace' when a pipe bomb beneath a seat exploded at 7:50 p.m. Six people were injured, including Abraham Blumenthal, who was lifted out of his seat by the blast. The next day, Police Commissioner Stephen P. Kennedy ordered what he called the 'greatest manhunt in the history of the Police Department.' {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ "BOMB BLAST IN TERMINAL; Homemade Device Explodes in Grand Central--No One Is Hurt". The New York Times. 1951-03-30. Retrieved 2007-09-24. An explosion from a small homemade bomb startled many commuters during the rush hour at 5:22 P. M. yesterday in Grand Central Terminal, but no one was injured and there was no panic. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ 19561225x
  12. ^ "BOMB GOES OFF IN LIBRARY; Crude, Homemade Device Hurts No One, Does Little Damage". The New York Times. 1951-04-25. Retrieved 2007-09-22. A small, homemade bomb exploded in an empty telephone booth in the basement of the New York Public Library at 6:10 P. M. yesterday, injuring no one and causing slight damage. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ "BOMB LAID TO PRANKSTER; Police Tie Consolidated Edison Blast to Previous Cases". The New York Times. 1951-09-13. Retrieved 2007-09-23. A small, metal-cased bomb, about the size of a flashlight battery, exploded in a telephone booth at 6:15 A. M. yesterday in the Consolidated Edison Company building at 4 Irving Place. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ^ "BOMB INJURES 3 IN GRAND CENTRAL; Washroom Slightly Damaged by Blast at Rush Hour of Home-Made Mechanism". The New York Times. 1954-03-17. Retrieved 2007-09-24. A home-made time bomb exploded yesterday in a washroom on the lower level of Grand Central Terminal. Three men were injured slightly, and little property damage was done. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ^ a b "Bomb-Hunt Delay Laid to Con Edison By Police Sources; POLICE SAY EDISON IMPEDED SEARCH". The New York Times. 1957-01-25. Retrieved 2007-09-17. Police investigators charged yesterday that the Consolidated Edison Company had impeded their search for the "Mad Bomber." {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ "A HOMEMADE BOMB RIPS STATION LOCKER". The New York Times. 1953-05-07. Retrieved 2007-09-23. A delayed action bomb, described by the police as the homemade product of a "publicity-seeking jerk," exploded in a parcel and luggage locker at Grand Central Terminal shortly before 5 P. M. yesterday. No one was injured. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. ^ "BOMB FELLS MAN AT PENN STATION; Attendant, 74, Severely Hurt in Lavatory Blast--Police Seek 2 for Questioning". The New York Times. 1956-02-22. Retrieved 2007-09-dd. A 74-year-old attendant was seriously injured yesterday when a homemade bomb exploded in the men's lavatory at Pennsylvania Station. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  18. ^ Schumach, Murray (1956-08-05). "Pipe Bomb From R.C.A. Building Blasts Guard's Home in Jersey". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-dd. WEST NEW YORK, N.J., Aug. 4--An explosion in a kitchen here this morning proved to a special policeman that the "piece of pipe" he and two other guards had been carrying around Rockefeller. Center yesterday was a home-made time bomb. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  19. ^ Perlmutter, Emanuel (1956-12-25). "Device Found in Phone Booth; Bomb Tossed Into Park To Be Examined Today – Pipe-Bomb Is Found in Library; Psychotic Again Is Chief Suspect". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-22. A fallen coin forestalled possible tragedy yesterday in the New York Public Library at Fifth Avenue and Forty-second Street. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  20. ^ a b c "'BOMBER' PRESSES THREAT ON UTILITY; Paper Makes Public a Letter Sent From Mt. Vernon-- Writer Won't Give Up". The New York Times. 1957-01-11. Retrieved 2007-09-22. A letter purporting to have come from the so-called Mad Bomber has been received by The New York Journal-American. That newspaper made it public yesterday, saying its authenticity had been attested by competent authorities. Police officials refused comment. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. ^ "'MAD BOMBER' CASE CLOSED BY POLICE; Old Explosive Found in East Side Movie--Believed to Be Metesky's Last One". The New York Times. 1957-09-10. Retrieved 2007-09-23. An old unexploded bomb was found in a seat in Loew's Lexington Theatre yesterday and the police finally closed the George Metesky "Mad Bomber" case. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. ^ "POLICE ISSUE ALERT FOR BOMB PLANTER". The New York Times. 1956-04-05. Retrieved 2007-09-22. The Police Department has assembled the most comprehensive portrait yet of the eccentric bomb-planter who has eluded them for more than fifteen years. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. ^ Perlmutter, Emanuel (1956-12-04). "Kennedy Orders Wide Manhunt For Movie Bombing Perpetrator". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-22. Police Commissioned Stephen P. Kennedy yesterday ordered what he called the 'greatest manhunt in the history of the Police Department' for the perpetrator of Sunday night's bombing at the Brooklyn Paramount Theatre. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. ^ "Police Ask Aid in Hunt for Bomber". The New York Times. 1956-12-11. Retrieved 2007-09-22. The Police Department distributed photographs yesterday of parts of letters received from the person who has been placing bombs in theatres and railroad terminals for the last sixteen years. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ "Police Print Pipe-Bomb Circular". The New York Times. 1956-08-21. Retrieved 2007-09-dd. The Police Department disclosed yesterday that it would distribute nationally a circular illustrating the type of homemade bomb that had been exploded in public places in midtown. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
  26. ^ "Nova: Bombing of America". PBS. 1997-03-25. Retrieved 2007-09-22. Looking at the story of the "Mad Bomber" is almost a template for UNABOM. There are a lot of similarities between the two, in the way they've done their crimes, and I'm confident that we'll find there's a lot of similarities between the two in their psychiatric or psychological makeup. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ a b "'BOMBER' REWARD MIGHT GO BEGGING; Woman Who Picked Out Key File Won't Claim $26,000 --Police Give Report". The New York Times. 1957-02-16. Retrieved 2007-09-18. It became increasingly evident yesterday that the $26,000 in rewards posted for the apprehension of the so-called Mad Bomber might never be paid. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. ^ "WOMEN'S UNIT SEEKS 'BOMBER' REWARDS". The New York Times. 1957-02-13. Retrieved 2007-09-19. The first claim for the $26,000 rewards offered for information leading to the capture of George P. Metesky, the so-called "Mad Bomber", was filed yesterday. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  29. ^ "George Did It". Time Magazine. 1957-02-04. Retrieved 2007-09-15. It was nearly 11 o'clock, one mild, foggy night last week, when a squad of cops deployed cautiously around an old, grey, lace-curtained house at 17 Fourth Street in the factory district of Waterbury, Conn. After the guards were set, plainclothesmen walked up the steps and pounded loudly on the front door. The downstairs lights winked on, and stocky, smiling, pajama-clad George Metesky, a 54-year-old bachelor, answered the knock. His two elderly spinster sisters watched warily in the background. George never lost his polite grin. 'I think.' he said after a few preliminary questions and answers. 'I know why you fellows are here. You think I'm the Mad Bomber.' {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  30. ^ "Court Here Rules 'The Mad Bomber' Is Still Incompetent". The New York Times. 1972-06-20. Retrieved 2007-09-18. George P. Metesky, the eccentric mechanic once known as "The Mad Bomber," lost a legal effort yesterday to have himself declared mentally competent. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  31. ^ "BOMBER'S CLAIM DENIED; State Refuses to Reconsider Metesky's Injury Case". The New York Times. 1957-05-30. Retrieved 2007-09-14. In rejecting the appeal, a panel of three board members ruled that Mr. O'Rourke had not offered conclusive proof that Metesky was mentally incompetent at the time of the accident. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  32. ^ Madden, Melissa Ann. "George Metesky: New York's Mad Bomber". CourtTV Crime Library. Retrieved 2007-09-13. The puzzled investigators wondered whether the bomber meant for the note to be destroyed or whether he had not realized that the note would be destroyed. Or, they wondered, was the bomb an intentional dud?
  33. ^ Kaufman, Michael T (1973-12-13). "Mad Bomber,' Now 70, Goes Free Today; 37 Blasts Set – Initials 'F.P.' Explained – Institute Assailed". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-14. George Metesky, the onetime "Mad Bomber," who for 16 years in the nineteen-forties and fifties terrorized the city with the explosives he set off in theaters, terminals, libraries and offices, is going home to Waterbury today. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  34. ^ "POLICE DIE IN BLAST; Timed Device Explodes After It Is Taken Out of Pavilion--5 Hurt 21 SUSPECTS SEIZED City-Wide Round-Up Is On--Entire Force Is Mobilized for Duty". The New York Times. 1940-07-05. Retrieved 2007-09-22. A bomb that had been taken from the British Pavilion at the World's Fair an hour and a half before exploded in the faces of four detectives on the edge of the grounds at 5 P.M. yesterday, killing two of them and critically wounding the two others, as well as injuring a patrolman, another detective and the captain of the World's Fair detective force. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  35. ^ "Bombing Is Third Within Two Weeks in City; First Injured 9, Police Still Have No Clues". The New York Times. 1940-07-05. Retrieved 2007-09-22. The blast at the World's Fair yesterday followed by exactly two weeks the explosion of low-powered bombs, designed to create sensation rather than damage, that were set off before the doors of a German commercial agency in the same building as the German Consulate General {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "2 NEW CLUES FOUND IN FATAL BOMBING; Solution of Blast at Fair May Rest in Fragment of Unusual Alloy and a Number". The New York Times. 1940-07-08. Retrieved 2007-09-22. The police developed yesterday two clues in the Fourth of July bombing at the World's Fair on which they pinned hopes of a solution. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  37. ^ "Bomb Scare at Edison Building". The New York Times. 1940-10-30. Retrieved 2007-09-21. The twenty-seven-story skyscaper ... was searched from cellar to roof yesterday after receipt of a telephone call {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  38. ^ "EX-EDISON WORKER HELD IN BOMB CASE; Faces Questioning on Placing of Explosives at Paramount and in Utility Building". The New York Times. 1951-11-07. Retrieved 2007-09-21. Frederick Eberhardt, 56 years old, of 4117 De Reimer Avenue, the Bronx, a veteran cable splicer who formerly was employed by the Consolidated Edison Company, was booked early today at the East Twenty-second Street station in connection with the recent placing of small "pipe" bombs at the company's office and also in the Paramount Theatre. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  39. ^ a b Feinberg, Alexander (1956-12-30). "FALSE BOMB CALLS STILL PLAGUE CITY; Note Prompts Fruitless Hunt in Empire State Building". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-22. The urge of eccentrics to report that a bomb had been planted and would go off continued yesterday to harass a weary Police Department. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Perlmutter, Emanuel (1960-11-08). "600 POLICE PRESS HUNT FOR BOMBER; Nearly a Fourth of All City Detectives Now on Case -- Election Alert Set". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-23. Police Commissioner Stephen P. Kennedy released 500 detectives from all other duties yesterday and assigned them to solve the recent Sunday and holiday bombings in the city. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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