List of names of European cities in different languages

Many cities in Europe have alternate names, either because they are known by different names in different languages, or because their names have been changed, or both. This articles attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities.

For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "official," "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by any other known linguistic variants, in alphabetical order by language, and then any historical variants and former names.

Aachen: Aken (Dutch), Aix-la-Chappelle (French), Aachen (German), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrán (Spanish)
Almaty: Almaty (Kazakh), Alma-Ata (Russian)
Ankara: Ancyra, Angora (former names)
Antioch: Antioche (French), Antioch (Greek), Antakya (Turkish), Antiochia (Polish)
Antwerp: Antwerpen (Dutch/Flemish, German), Anvers (French), Antwerpia (Polish)
Astana: Astana (Kazakh), Akhmolinsk (Russian)
Athens: Athene (Dutch), Athènes (French), Athen (German), Athinai (Greek), Atene (Italian), Ateny (Polish)
Augsburg: Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German)

Baku: Baku (Azeri, Russian), Bakou (French)
Basle: Bazel (Dutch), Bâle (French), Basel (German), Bazylea (Polish)
Belgrade: Belgrado (Dutch), Belgrade (French), Belgrad (German, Polish), Beograd (Serbian)
Berne: Berne (French), Bern (German, Dutch), Berno (Polish)
Bishkek: Bichkek (French), Bishkek (Kyrgyz), Frunze (former name)
Bologna: Bologne (French), Bologna (Italian), Bolonia (Polish)
Brasov: Kronstadt (German), Brasso (Hungarian), Brasov (Romanian)
Bratislava: Pressburg (German), Pozsony (Hungarian), Bratysława (Polish), Bratislava (Slovak)
Bremen: Brême (French), Bremen (German), Brema (Polish)
Brest: Brest (Belarusian), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939), Brest-Litovsk (English version of Polish name)
Brno: Brno (Czech), Br&uumln (German)
Bruges: Brugge (Dutch/Flemish, German), Bruges (French), Brugia (Polish)
Brunswick: Braunschweig (German), Brunszwik (Polish)
Brussels: Brussel (Dutch/Flemish), Bruxelles (French), Brüssel (German), Bruksela (Polish)
Bucharest: Bucarest (French), Bukareszt (Polish), Bucureşti (Romanian)
Bydgoszcz: Bromberg (German), Bydgoszcz (Polish)
Cluj: Klaussenburg (German), Kolozsvár (Hungarian}, Cluj or Cluj-Napoca (Romanian)
Coblenz: Coblence (French), Coblenz (German), Koblencja (Polish)
Cologne: Keulen (Dutch), Cologne (French), Köln (German), Kolonia (Polish)
Copenhagen: København (Danish), Copenhague (French), Kopenhagen (German, Dutch) , Kopenhaga (Polish)

Donetsk: Donieck (Polish), Donetsk (Russian, Ukrainian), Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dresden: Dresde (French), Dresden (German), Drezno (Polish)
Dushanbe: Douchanbe (French), Dushanbe (Tajik, Russian), Hissar (former name)
Dublin: Baile Atha Cliath (Irish)

Florence: Florencja(Polish)
Frankfurt: Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurt nad Menem(Polish)
Frankfurt: Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą(Polish)

Gdańsk: Danzig (German), Gdańsk (Polish)
Gdynia: Gdingen (German), Gotenhafen (German 1940-1945)
Geneva: Genève (French), Genf (German), Ginevra (Italian), Genewa (Polish), Ginebra (Spanish)
Genoa: Gênes (French), Genova (Italian), Genua (German, Dutch, Polish)
Ghent: Gent (Dutch/Flemish, German), Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish)
Groningen: Groningen (Dutch), Groningue (French)

Hamburg: Hambourg (French), Hamburg (German)
Hanover: Hanovre (French), Hannover (French)
Helsinki: Helsinki (Finnish), Helsingfors (Swedish)

Istanbul: Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbuł (Polish), Carogród (old-Polish), Istanbul (Turkish), Byzantion (Greek former name), Konstantinoupolis (Greek former name), Konstantinopel (German former name), Tsarigrad (Russian former name), Constantinople (English former name), Stamboul (Turkish former name), Constantinopel (Dutch former name),
Izmir: Smyrna (Greek), Izmir (Turkish)

Kaliningrad: Królewiec (Polish), Kaliningrad (Russian), Königsberg (former German name)
Katowice: Kattowitz (German), Katowice (Polish)
Kaunas: Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kowno (Polish)
Kharkov: Kharkov (Russian), Kharkiv (Ukrainian), Charków (Polish)
Kiel: Kilonia (Polish)
Kiev: Kyiv (Ukrainian), Kijów (Polish)
Kishinev: Kischinew (German), Chisinau (Moldovan, Romanian), Kishinev or Kishenev (Russian), Kiszyniów (Polish)
Krakow: Krakau (German, Dutch), Kraków (Polish), Cracow (alternate spelling)

Leghorn: Livorno (Italian)
Leiden: Lejda (Polish)
Leipzig: Lipsk (Polish)
Liege: Luik (Dutch), Liége (French), Lüttich (German)
Lisbon: Lisbonne (French), Lissabon (German, Dutch), Lisböa (Portuguese), Lizbona (Polish)
Ljubljana: Laibach (German), Ljubljana (Slovene)
London: Londen (Dutch), London (English), Londres (French), Londhino (Greek), Londra (Italian), Londyn (Polish)
Londonderry: Derry (former name)
Lubeck: Lubeka (Polish)
Lucca: Lucques (French), Lucca (Italian)
Luxembourg: Luxemburg (German, Dutch), Luksemburg (Polish)
L'viv: Lemberg (German), Lwów (Polish), Lvov (Russian), L'viv (Ukrainian)

Madrid: Madrid (Spanish, Dutch), Madryt (Polish)
Mainz: Mayence (French), Mainz (German), Moguncja (Polish)
Milan: Milaan (Dutch), Mailand (German), Milano (Italian), Mediolan (Polish)
Minsk: Minsk or Mensk (Belarusian), Minńsk (Polish), Minsk (Russian)
Moscow: Moskou (Dutch), Moscou (French), Moskau (German), Moskwa (Polish), Moskva (Russian)
Munich: München (German, Dutch), Monachium (Polish)

Naples: Napels (Dutch), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Greek), Napoli (Italian), Neapol (Polish)
Nice: Nice (French, Dutch), Nizza (Italian), Nicea (Polish)
Nicosia: Nicosie (French), Nikosia (German), Lefkosia (Greek), Nikozja (Polish), Lefkoşa (Turkish)
Nizhniy Novgorod: Nijni-Novgorod (French), Gorkiy (former name), Nowogród (Polish)
Nuremberg: Neurenberg (Dutch), Nürnberg (German), Norymberga (Polish)

Oldenburg: Starogard (Polish)
Oslo: Oslo (Norwegian), Kristiania (former name), Christiania (English version of former name)

Palermo: Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian)
Pamplona: Iruna (Basque),Pampelune (French), Pamplona (Spanish)
Paris: Paris (French), Parigi (Italian), Paryż (Polish)
Parma: Parme (French), Parma (Italian)
Parnu: Parnawa (Polish)
Perugia: Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian)
Potsdam: Potsdam (German), Poczdam (Polish)
Poznań: Posen (German), Poznań (Polish)
Prague: Praha (Czech), Praag (Dutch), Prague (French), Prag (German), Praga (Polish)

Rome: Rome (Dutch), Rom (German), Romi (Greek), Roma (Italian), Rzym (Polish), Rim (Russian)

Saarbrucken: Saarebruck (French), Saarbrücken (German)
Samara: Kuybyshev (former name)
San Sebastian: Donostia (Basque), San Sebastian (Spanish)
Sarajevo: Sarajevo (Bosnian, Serbian), Sarajewo (German), Bosna Serai (Turkish)
Sienna: Sienne (French), Sienna (Italian)
Skopje: Skopia (Greek), Skopje (Macedonia), Uskub (Turkish)
Sofia: Sofija (Bulgarian)
St Petersburg: Sankt-Peterburg (Russian), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name)
Strasbourg: Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French), Strassburg (German)
Syracuse: Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian), Syrakuzy (Polish)
Szczecin: Stettin (German), Szczecin (Polish)

Tallinn: Reval (former name)
Tartu: Dorpat (German, Polish)
Tashkent: Tachkent (French), Taszkient (Polish)
Tbilisi: Tbilissi (French), Tiflis (former name, German)
Teschen: Těšín (Czech), Cieszyn (Polish)
The Hague: La Haye (French), Den Haag, 's Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (German), Haga (Polish)
Thessaloniki: Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German), Thessaloniki (Greek), Selanik (Turkish), Salonica (former English name)
Timişoara: Teineschberg (German), Temesvar (Hungarian), Timişoara (Romanian)
Tirana: Tiranë (Albanian)
Toruń: Thorn (German), Toruń (Polish)
Trento: Trente (French), Trent (German), Trento (Italian), Trydent (Polish)
Turin: Turijn (Dutch), Torino (Italian), Turyn (Polish)
Tver: Kalinin (former name), Twer (Polish)

Ulyanovsk: Simbirsk (former name)

Valletta: La Valette (French)
Venice: Venezie (Dutch), Venise (French), Venedig (German), Venezia (Italian), Wenecja (Polish)
Vienna: Wenen (Dutch), Vienne (French), Wien (German), Wiedeń (Polish)
Vilnius: Wilno (Polish), Vilna (Yiddish)
Volgograd: Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name)

Warsaw: Varsovie (French), Warschau (German, Dutch), Warszawa (Polish)
Wrocław: Vratislav (Czech), Breslau (German, Dutch)

Yekaterinburg: Sverdlovsk (former name)
Yerevan: Yerevan (Armenian), Eriwan (German), Erevan or Erivan (alternate spellings)

Zagreb: Zagreb (Croatian), Agram (German), Zagrzeb (Polish)