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In Rainbows

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Untitled

In Rainbows is the seventh album by the English rock band Radiohead. It was first released on 10 October 2007 as a digital download, followed by a self-released "discbox" with a second CD, two vinyl records, artwork and lyric booklets on 3 December 2007.[1] The album was released as a standard CD in Japan on 26 December 2007,[2] in Australia on 29 December 2007 and in North America on 1 January, 2008.[3][4] Elsewhere around the world, it was released on 31 December 2007.[5] The first single, "Jigsaw Falling into Place", will follow on 14 January 2008 in the United Kingdom.[2][6]

The band had worked on In Rainbows for more than two years, beginning in early 2005.[7] In between recording, the band toured Europe and North America for three months in mid-2006. The announcement of details about the album led to media attention centered around the band's decision to first release the album online as a digital download for which fans could decide the price they paid.[8]

The album release marks the band's first album after the end of their contract with EMI and the end of the longest gap between studio albums in their career.[9] Upon its initial release as a digital download, the album earned widespread critical acclaim,[10] though the commercial success of the album is still unclear.

Production

Recording history

After a break in 2004, Radiohead began work on their seventh studio album in mid-February 2005.[7] Lead vocalist Thom Yorke and guitarist Jonny Greenwood debuted a new song, "Arpeggi", at London's Ether Festival in March 2005.[11] Later that summer, Yorke performed an acoustic set for the Trade Justice rally, playing the never-recorded "Nude" and "Reckoner", debuting the new song "House of Cards", and introducing "Last Flowers [Till Hospital]", a remnant from the OK Computer period.[12][13] Regular recording sessions began in August 2005, with the band updating fans on their progress intermittently in their new blog, Dead Air Space. Recording continued into early 2006, but the sessions were slow, according to Yorke, "we spent a long time in the studio just not going anywhere, wasting our time, and that was really, really frustrating."[14] This was attributed to difficulty regaining momentum after their break,[14] and the lack of both a deadline and producer to push things forward.[15] In the February 2006 sessions, they chose to work with producer Mark "Spike" Stent instead of their longtime co-producer Nigel Godrich.[16] Colin Greenwood commenting on their decision said "Nigel and the band know each other so well now, it's all got a little too safe."[15] Although the band had written many new songs by this point, little came of the recording sessions with Stent, which ended in April 2006. According to Yorke, "we were still scratching our heads and scrabbling around."[15]

Radiohead performing live at the Greek Theatre, Berkeley, California during their 2006 tour

The band decided to tour again, giving themselves a goal to work towards. Commenting on their preparation for the tour, Yorke said "suddenly everyone is being spontaneous and no one's self-conscious because you're not in the studio... It felt like being 16 again."[14] In May and June 2006, Radiohead toured major cities in Europe and North America, returning to Europe for several festivals in August. The tour, their first in several years, drew sold-out crowds to smaller venues such as clubs and theatres, including a benefit performance in London for Friends of the Earth's campaign to stop climate change. They also played larger music festivals such as Bonnaroo and the V Festival; they headlined both lineups of V[17] and played a 28-song set at Bonnaroo, their longest live concert in years.[18] On the tour, the band included songs they were working on in their set.[14]

After the tour, the band restarted recording sessions in September 2006, this time with Godrich. Yorke said on Dead Air Space that the band have "started the record properly now... starting to get somewhere I think. Finally."[19] In mid-January 2007 Radiohead resumed their recording sessions following a Christmas break, and also started to post photos, lyrics, videos and samples of new songs on Dead Air Space.[20] In late April, Yorke stated that Radiohead had a CD of material ready for consideration.[21] In June, Nigel Godrich posted clippings of the mixed songs on Dead Air Space, among which were "Jigsaw Falling into Place" (known as "Open Pick" throughout 2006 performances[22]), "Down Is the New Up", "Bangers + Mash", "All I Need", "Faust Arp" and "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi".[23] Having completed recording the album in June, Radiohead mastered the album in July and August 2007 in New York City.[24]

Music and lyrical content

Template:Sample box start Template:Multi-listen start Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen item Template:Multi-listen end Template:Sample box end The album features many of the songs showcased on Radiohead's 2006 tour, including "15 Step", "Bodysnatchers", "All I Need" and "Videotape". "Arpeggi" and "Open Pick", songs debuted during the band's 2006 tour, also made their way onto the album, but were retitled "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" and "Jigsaw Falling into Place", respectively. The song "Nude", which premiered live during the OK Computer world tour was finally released on In Rainbows, albeit with a different arrangement. Some media outlets reported that a song named "Reckoner" which had originally premiered live in 2001 would finally be released on In Rainbows,[25] but the In Rainbows track titled "Reckoner" is quite different; Thom Yorke and Jonny Greenwood worked on extra material for the song and subsequently abandoned the original material.[26]

On the opening track "15 Step", the band enlisted the help of a group of children from the Matrix Music School & Arts Centre in Oxford.[27] Colin Greenwood and Nigel Godrich originally set out to record handclaps for the song, but when the clapping proved "not quite good enough", they decided to record the children cheering instead.[28] "Bodysnatchers", a song Yorke himself described as sounding like Wolfmother and "a little bit like Neu! meets dodgy hippy rock",[15] was recorded in a period of "hyperactive mania" Yorke was in just before he got sick, "I felt genuinely out of it when we did that. The vocal is one take and we didn't do anything to it afterwards. We tidied up my guitar because I was so out of it, my guitar-playing was rubbish."[29] On "All I Need", Jonny Greenwood wanted to recapture the white noise generated by a band playing loudly in a room, a sound which never occurs in the studio. His solution was to have a string section play every note of the scale, blanketing the frequencies.[30] Yorke described the process of composing "Videotape" as "absolute agony", stating that the song "went through every possible parameter". One day, Yorke left the studio, returning to find that Godrich and Jonny Greenwood had stripped the song down resulting in the version found on the album, a minimal piano ballad.[31]

Yorke, in reference to the lyrical content on the album, has said "It's about that anonymous fear thing, sitting in traffic, thinking, 'I'm sure I'm supposed to be doing something else'... it's similar to OK Computer in a way. It's much more terrifying. But OK Computer was terrifying too—some of the lyrics were."[32] In another interview, Yorke said the album was "about the fucking panic of realising you're going to die! And that any time soon [I could] possibly [have] a heart attack when I next go for a run."[33] Ed O'Brien described the lyrics, saying "They were universal. There wasn't a political agenda. It's being human."[34] The song "Bodysnatchers" is inspired by Victorian ghost stories, the 1972 novel The Stepford Wives and Yorke's feeling of "your physical consciousness trapped without being able to connect fully with anything else."[30] "Jigsaw Falling into Place" is about a set of observations and different experiences, partly of the chaos witnessed by Yorke when he used to go out on the weekend in Oxford. Yorke said "The lyrics are quite caustic – the idea of 'before you're comatose' or whatever, drinking yourself into oblivion and getting fucked-up to forget. When you're part of a group of people who are all trying to forget en masse it is partly this elation. But there's a much darker side."[29]

Artwork

The album artwork for In Rainbows was designed by Stanley Donwood. For the album, Donwood experimented with a photographic etching technique, putting prints into baths with random results.[35] Donwood originally planned on doing an exploration on suburban life, but quickly realised it did not fit the album's sound, saying "it's a sensual record and I wanted to do something more organic." During the recording of the album, Donwood regularly put up images in the studio and on the studio computer, letting the band interact directly and comment on them. Donwood also posted images daily on the band's website, though none of the images were used in the final album artwork.[36] Donwood describing the album cover, said "it's very colourful - I've finally embraced colour! It's a rainbow but it is very toxic, it's more like the sort of one you'd see in a puddle." Just before the digital download release of the album, the band decided not to use the cover.[37] The "discbox" release of the album includes a lyric booklet which contains additional artwork by Donwood.[35]

Release

Record label and distribution

Having fulfilled their six-album contract with EMI with the release of 2003's Hail to the Thief, Radiohead stated after completion of recording their seventh LP that they had not made a decision on how to release their new material.[38] Yorke at one point had also hinted at the possibility of releasing singles or EPs rather than an album.[39] However, he ruled out Internet-only distribution because he felt some fans would not have the technological means to obtain the new material.[14]

In a 2006 statement, the band said that "for the first time, we have no contract or release deadline to fulfill—it's both liberating and terrifying."[40] Yorke, commenting on the band's relationship with EMI, said, "We have no record contract as such. Any offers?..What we would like is the old EMI back again, the nice genteel arms manufacturers who treated music [as] a nice side project who weren't too bothered about the shareholders. Ah well, not much chance of that."[41] Shortly before the band began writing new songs for the album, Yorke told Time, "I like the people at our record company, but the time is at hand when you have to ask why anyone needs one. And, yes, it probably would give us some perverse pleasure to say 'Fuck you' to this decaying business model."[9]

Radiohead retained ownership of the album recordings and song compositions for In Rainbows. The download and "discbox" versions of the album are self-released by the band, for the CD release, the band is licensing the music to record labels.[42] The album's licensing agreements for all releases continue to be managed by the band's publisher Warner Chappell Music Publishing.[42]

Formats and release

On 1 October 2007, Radiohead announced, on their blog, the title, track list, and release dates of their seventh album, In Rainbows.[43] As the band was not in a contract with any record label at the time of its release, the album was initially released as a download from inrainbows.com on 10 October 2007. In order to distribute the album with minimal technical glitches, Radiohead engaged the services of UK-based PacketExchange to bypass public Internet servers, instead utilizing a less-trafficked private network to deliver the digital download to users.[44] The download, packaged as a ZIP file, included the ten album tracks encoded in DRM-free MP3 format.[45] Upon purchase, the buyer was prompted to type in their desired price, plus a credit card transaction fee of 45 pence if purchased for more than £0.00.[46] The staggered online release of the album began at about 5:30 GMT. As of 10 December 2007, the official In Rainbows download is no longer available.[47]

File:Inrainbowsdiscbox LG.jpg
In Rainbows "discbox" edition

A special made-to-order "discbox", available for pre-order through inrainbows.com, was released on 3 December 2007. It contains the album on CD and two 12" heavyweight 45 rpmvinyl records with artwork and lyric booklets. The box includes a second enhanced CD which contains 8 additional tracks, as well as digital photos and artwork. The overall set is packaged in a hardcover book and slipcase. The "discbox", priced at £40 (approx. US$80), also includes the MP3 download.[1] The "discbox" version of the album will remain available for purchase via the inrainbows.com online store until they are out of stock.[47] In Rainbows is also first album in Radiohead's catalog to be available for download in the iTunes Store.

The album was released on CD and vinyl in Japan by Hostess on 26 December 2007,[2] in Australia on 29 December 2007 by Remote Control/XL[3] and in North America and Canada on 1 January, 2008 by ATO imprint TBD Records and MapleMusic/Fontana, respectively.[4][48] Elsewhere around the world, the album was released on 31 December 2007 by independent record label XL Recordings.[49] The CD release comes in a cardboard package containing the CD, lyric booklet and several artwork stickers. Upon purchase, the customer can put the stickers, CD and artwork onto and into an unused jewel case to create a 'do-it-yourself' packaging.[50] An advert for the album was scheduled to air on American television leading up to the album's release.[51]

Explaining the reasons behind the album's unusual initial release as download-only, lead guitarist Jonny Greenwood said "partly just to get it out quickly, so everyone would hear it at the same time, and partly because it was an experiment that felt worth trying, really." As for letting people name the price they pay for the album, he said "it's fun to make people stop for a few seconds and think about what music is worth, and that's just an interesting question to ask people."[52] In a Wired interview, Yorke said "every record for the last four — including my solo record — has been leaked. So the idea was like, we'll leak it, then."[31] Radiohead's managers have said that they would not have released the album as they did unless they were sure the physical CD would sell well.[53]

Reception

Critical reception

In Rainbows received widespread critical acclaim upon its release, earning a rating of 88 out of 100 on Metacritic.[10] The Guardian's review was especially glowing, stating "it may represent the strongest collection of songs Radiohead have assembled for a decade."[54] The Province's review was also appreciative, claiming that In Rainbows "is Radiohead's most rapturous, touching, and human record since OK Computer."[55] Several reviewers attributed the album's quality to the band's performance in the studio, claiming that the band sounded like they were enjoying themselves.[54][56][57][58] The Hartford Courant called the songs "a skillful mix of instruments and electronic sounds, incorporating elements of all the things Radiohead has done before without sounding exactly like any of them."[59] Many reviewers also commended the album on not being overshadowed by its marketing hype.[56][58][60][61]

However, Dusted Magazine's review was particularly negative, stating "[the songs] mostly seem like the byproduct of jams" and that "jamming doesn't play to [the band's] strengths, which are Yorke's voice and their twisting chord progressions and melodies. Those things are both present on In Rainbows, but they're undercooked..."[62] Tyler Fisher of Sputnikmusic.com also commented that the album lacked a standout track and a climax.[63] Meanwhile, Tiny Mix Tapes' review was also fairly critical of the album, but also noted how "any aesthetic critiques of the album will be surely overshadowed by what it will represent culturally 10 years down the line.[64]

The album was named as one of the best albums of 2007 by many music publications.[65] It came in at the top spot in Billboard, Filter, Mojo and PopMatters' list. NME and The A.V. Club ranked the album at #3 in their list, Pitchfork Media and Q placed it at #4, while Rolling Stone ranked it at #6.[65]

Sales

In early October 2007, a spokesman for the band revealed that "most people [were] deciding on a normal retail price with very few trying to buy [the download version] for a penny" and that most fans had preordered the discbox.[66] Citing a source close to the band, Gigwise.com reported that by the day of its online release, the album had sold 1.2 million copies.[67] This claim, however, has been dismissed by band manager Bryce Edge as "exaggerated".[68] According to an Internet survey conducted by Record of the Day of 3,000 people, about one-third of people who downloaded the album paid nothing, with the average price paid being £4.[69] Another study by the Internet research group comScore found that a larger 60% of downloaders opted to pay nothing for the album, with the average price being only £2.90,[70] Though frequently cited in the media, a statement from the band has refuted the study, describing it as "wholly inaccurate" and adding that it was impossible for outside organisations to obtain accurate sales figures.[6] When asked in an December 2007 interview by The Observer how many discboxes were ordered, the band members responded with various answers ranging between 60,000 and 80,000.[33] Yorke revealed in an interview with Dutch magazine OOR in December 2007 that In Rainbows had passed well over one million downloads.[71] According to Yorke, Radiohead had profited from their distribution of In Rainbows, making more money from digital downloads of In Rainbows than from digital downloads of all their other studio albums combined.[31]

The album's download and "discbox" sales are not eligible for inclusion in the UK Albums Chart because the website is not a chart-registered retailer.[72] However, most of the songs on the record began to get airplay on the modern rock radio stations in the United States following the album's internet release.[73] The most successful song off the album, "Bodysnatchers", peaked at #24 on the US Modern Rock chart.[74] Mediabase noted that "Jigsaw Falling into Place", which was officially chosen as the first single, was the second most played song, peaking at #69 on airplay on alternative rock-oriented stations.[73] "Reckoner", "All I Need", and "15 Step" would later see significant play on modern rock radio stations.[73] In Rainbows entered the Billboard 200 at #157, though it is projected to reach the Top 10 the following week.[75] The album is expected to top the UK charts upon its entry.[76]

Track listing

All tracks written by Radiohead.

  1. "15 Step" – 3:57
  2. "Bodysnatchers" – 4:02
  3. "Nude" – 4:15
  4. "Weird Fishes/Arpeggi" – 5:18
  5. "All I Need" – 3:48
  6. "Faust Arp" – 2:09
  7. "Reckoner" – 4:50
  8. "House of Cards" – 5:28
  9. "Jigsaw Falling into Place" – 4:09
  10. "Videotape" – 4:39

The discbox release of the album includes a second disc, which contains eight additional tracks, along with digital photographs and artwork. It is 26:53 in duration.[1]

  1. "MK 1" – 1:04
  2. "Down Is the New Up" – 4:59
  3. "Go Slowly" – 3:48
  4. "MK 2" – 0:53
  5. "Last Flowers" – 4:27
  6. "Up on the Ladder" – 4:17
  7. "Bangers + Mash" – 3:20
  8. "4 Minute Warning" – 4:06

Personnel

Band members

Additional musicians

  • The Millennia Ensemble – strings
  • Matrix Music School – children's choir on "15 Step"

Production

Release history

Region Date Label Format Catalogue number
Worldwide (Internet) 10 October 2007 Self-release Digital download
Worldwide 3 December 2007 Self-release 2xCD/2xLP
Japan 26 December 2007 Hostess CD XCXX60001
Australia 29 December 2007 Remote Control Records, XL Recordings CD XLCD324 / 6 34904 03242 5
LP XLLP324 / 6 34904 03241 8
Worldwide (unless specified otherwise) 31 December 2007 XL Recordings CD XLCD324 / 6 34904 03242 5
LP XLLP324 / 6 34904 03241 8
United States 1 January 2008 TBD Records, ATO Records CD TBD0001 / 88088-21622-2
LP ATLP03 / 21623
Canada 1 January 2008 MapleMusic, Fontana CD

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