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Black Sabbath

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For other uses, see Black Sabbath (disambiguation).
Black Sabbath

Black Sabbath are an English heavy metal band from Birmingham. Although there have been many personnel shifts over the years, the band was formed in 1968 by Ozzy Osbourne (vocals), Tony Iommi (guitar), Terence "Geezer" Butler (bass), and Bill Ward (drums).

Originally formed as a heavy blues band named Polka Tulk, the band began incorporating occult and horror-inspired lyrics with doomy, detuned guitars, changing their name to Black Sabbath and releasing a string of gold and platinum records in the 1970s.

As one of the most influential heavy metal bands of all time, Black Sabbath helped define the genre with releases such as 1971's quadruple-platinum Paranoid.[1] Black Sabbath has sold more than 100 million albums worldwide,[2] and were named second only to Led Zeppelin in VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock.[3]

Ozzy Osbourne was fired from the band in 1979, and while initially replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio, Black Sabbath would see a revolving lineup in the 1980s and 1990s that included vocalists Ian Gillan, David Donato, Glenn Hughes, Ray Gillen and Tony Martin. The original lineup reunited with Osbourne in 1997 and released a live album, Reunion, which spawned the Grammy Award winning single "Iron Man", 30 years after the songs initial release on Paranoid.

Currently, the early 1980s line-up featuring Iommi, Butler, Dio, and Vinny Appice are touring under the moniker Heaven and Hell, a title taken from the 1980 Black Sabbath album of the same name.

History

Formation and early days (1968-1969)

Following the breakup of their previous band Mythology in 1968, guitarist Tony Iommi and drummer Bill Ward sought to form a heavy blues band in Aston, Birmingham, England. The group enlisted bassist Geezer Butler, and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne, who had played together in a band called Rare Breed. The new group was initially named The Polka Tulk Blues Company, and also featured slide guitarist Jimmy Phillips and saxophonist Alan "Aker" Clarke. After shortening the name to Polka Tulk, the band changed their name to Earth, and continued as a four-piece without Phillips and Clarke.[4][5]

As Earth, the group played club shows in England, Denmark, and Germany, with sets consisting of cover songs by Jimi Hendrix, Blue Cheer, and Cream; as well as lengthy improvised blues jams. In December 1968, Tony Iommi abruptly left Earth to join Jethro Tull.[6] Although his stint with the band would be short-lived, Iommi made an appearance with Jethro Tull on the The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus TV show. Unsatisfied with the direction of Jethro Tull, Iommi returned to Earth in January 1969. "It just wasn't right, so I left", Iommi said. "At first I thought Tull were great, but I didn't much go for having a leader in the band, which was Ian Anderson's way. When I came back from Tull, I came back with a new attitude altogether. They taught me that to get on you got to work for it".[7]

While gigging in England in 1969, the band discovered that they were being mistaken for another English group named Earth, and decided to again change their name. A movie theater across the street from the band's rehearsal room was showing the 1969 Boris Karloff horror film Black Sabbath. While watching people line up to see the film, Osbourne noted that it was "strange that people spend so much money to see scary movies".[8] Butler wrote a song he titled "Black Sabbath" after reading a book by occult writer Dennis Wheatley, and dreaming of a black-hooded figure standing at the foot of his bed.[9] Making use of the musical tritone, also known as "The Devil's Interval", the songs ominous sound and dark lyrics pushed the band in a darker direction, a stark contrast to the popular music of the late 1960s, which was dominated by flower power, folk music, and hippie culture. Inspired by the new sound, the band changed their name to Black Sabbath in August 1969, and made the decision to focus writing similar material, in an attempt to create the musical equivalent of horror films.

Black Sabbath and Paranoid (1970-1971)

Attracting attention for their live performance, Black Sabbath were signed to Phomogram subsidiary Phillips Records in December 1969, and released their first single, "Evil Woman" in January 1970. Although the single failed to chart, the band were afforded two days of studio time in late January to record their debut album. Iommi recalls recording live: "We thought 'We have two days to do it and one of the days is mixing.' So we played live. Ozzy was singing at the same time, we just put him in a seperate booth and off we went. We never had a second run of most of the stuff."[10]

The eponymous Black Sabbath was released on Friday the 13th, February, 1970. The album reached number 8 in the UK, and following its US release in May 1970 by Warner Records, the album reached number 23 on the Billboard 200, where it remained for over a year, selling a million copies.[11][12] While the album was a commercial success, it was widely panned by critics, with Lester Bangs of Rolling Stone dismissing the album as "discordant jams with bass and guitar reeling like velocitized speedfreaks all over each other's musical perimeters, yet never quite finding synch".[13]

To capitalise on their chart success in the US, the band quickly returned to the studio in June 1970 to record their follow up album, just four months after Black Sabbath was released. The resulting album was initially set to be named "War Pigs" after the track of the same name, which was critical of the Vietnam War. However Warner changed the title of the album to Paranoid, fearing backlash by supporters of the Vietnam War. The album's lead-off single "Paranoid", was written in the studio at the last minute. As Bill Was explains: "We didn't have enough songs for the album, and Tony just played the (Paranoid) guitar lick and that was it. It took twenty, twenty-five minutes from top to bottom."[14] The single was released prior to the album in September 1970, and reached No.4 on the UK charts, remaining Black Sabbath's only top ten hit.[12]

Black Sabbath released their second full-length album, Paranoid in the UK in October 1970. Pushed by the success of the "Paranoid" single, the album hit number one in the UK. The US release was held until January 1971, as the Black Sabbath album was still on the charts at the time of Paranoid's UK release. The album broke into the top ten in the US in March 1971, and would go on to sell four million copies in the US alone, with virtually no radio airplay.[12] The album was again panned by rock critics of the era, but modern-day reviewers such as All Music's Steve Huey cite Paranoid as "one of the greatest and most influential heavy metal albums of all time", which "defined the sound and style of heavy metal more than any other record in rock history".[1] Paranoid's chart success in America allowed the band to tour the US for the first time in December 1970, which spawned the release of the album's second single "Iron Man". Although the single failed to crack the top 100, "Iron Man" remaines one of Black Sabbath's most popular songs, as well as the bands highest charting US single until 1998's "Psycho Man".[11]

Master of Reality and beyond

Black Sabbath released another album in 1971, Master of Reality. This was the first Sabbath album to feature a significant amount of acoustic material ("Solitude" contained a flute solo by Iommi). This is an often overlooked switch in style by Black Sabbath, as they are largely known only for their simple, heavy, dark riffs. They added more varying musical elements by the time the band released Black Sabbath, Vol. 4 in 1972. Featuring the ballad "Changes" (containing only vocal, bass, piano and mellotron) and hard rock anthems like "Supernaut" and "Snowblind" (which included strings), Black Sabbath, Vol. 4 was the group's most mature record to date.


File:BlackSabbath19720012200.sized.jpg
Tony Iommi and Ozzy Osbourne in 1973

By 1973, the group was one of the most popular heavy metal bands in the world, and were a major concert attraction[citation needed]. Their next release, Sabbath Bloody Sabbath, saw the band working with Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman on a session basis. Along with the title track, the album also included the space-rock styled "Spiral Architect," and the prog-rock inspired "A National Acrobat".

By this time the band was heavily addicted to drugs and Osbourne and Ward supposedly took LSD every day for two years.[15] Towards the end of Osbourne's tenure in 1978, he was so embroiled in drugs that he claims he was "very unhappy and got drunk and stoned every day". Many of the band's songs address drugs, both explicitly and implicitly.

The band was suffering major management problems (the group was managed by Osbourne's future father-in-law, Don Arden). The management problems and then a label change in the UK from Vertigo to WWA disrupted the release schedule of the band's new album while the band was still with Warner Bros. in the US and Canada. Despite the troubles, Sabotage was released in 1975 with continued success. However, drug problems, continued experimentation in their music style (Gregorian chants and a chorale of monks highlighted "Supertzar"), the hard rock scene's changing environment, and some internal issues were affecting the stability and output of the band.

Technical Ecstasy (1976) turned out to be a commercial failure. The album was laden with symphony orchestras, synthesisers, and vocals from drummer Bill Ward following a brief departure by Osbourne during the recording sessions. After the 1977 tour, Osbourne stopped turning up at band rehearsals and the remaining band members recorded some music with singer Dave Walker, formerly of Savoy Brown.

Walker took part in the recording sessions for the bands upcoming longplayer by contributing lyrics to several songs. This version of the band even performed an alternate version of the track "Junior's Eyes" on the BBC Midlands 'Look Here!' programme in January of 1978. However, this would prove to be a short-lived incarnation of the band as Osbourne returned to the fold before vocals by Walker were laid down. The new album entitled, Never Say Die!, was re-worked lyrically and eventually released in late September of 1978. By far the band's most experimental release to date, the album contained elements of many genres such as jazz, synth-pop and blues but like the previous album, its sales were poor.

Due to internal conflicts and an evident lack of commitment due to drugs, Osbourne was asked to officially leave the band in 1979. Osbourne stated in a later interview (found as a bonus disk in the album The Ozzman Cometh) that eventually he was glad to leave the band because of the band's daily drug and alcohol problems. Osbourne later married Sharon Arden, daughter of Black Sabbath manager, Don Arden.

Second era - 'The Dio Years' (1979–1982)

Osbourne was replaced by former Rainbow vocalist Ronnie James Dio. Black Sabbath's next album (and first with Dio), Heaven and Hell, proved to be a revitalising success for the band with the band's highest charting since 1975's Sabotage. It was on this tour that Dio popularised the mano cornuta hand gesture, which has since become a symbol of heavy metal music in general[citation needed]. The album also marked the inclusion of Quartz's guitarist-turned-keyboardist Geoff Nicholls as a session musician (Nicholls has not been consistently credited as an official member, and has often been forced to play live shows from backstage for supposed aesthetic purposes, but he has co-written many songs and has stayed with Black Sabbath through all subsequent incarnations until 2001 when he was no longer retained). Also during the tour, drummer Bill Ward quit the band for personal reasons (both his parents died within a rather short period, and Ward was struggling with alcoholism and other addictions).

Drummer Vinny Appice joined to complete the tour and then record the next album Mob Rules, the title track appearing in the movie Heavy Metal. However, the recording featured in the film and subsequent soundtrack album is an alternate version from that which appears on the Mob Rules album.

The release in 1980 of the live bootleg Live at Last (recorded in the Osbourne era during the 1973 Black Sabbath Vol. 4 tour) prompted the band to record a live album properly on the Mob Rules tour, titled Live Evil. However, during the mixing of Live Evil, Iommi and Butler accused Dio of sneaking into the studio at night to increase the volume on his vocals, leading them to fire him from the band. Appice decided to quit the band when Dio left, and joined him in his self-named band.[16]

Third era: Born Again - Ian Gillan Period (1983–1984)

Bill Ward returned to the drum throne and Ian Gillan of Deep Purple fame became the new singer. To quote the singer; "I had no plans to join Black Sabbath. I went out with Geezer and Tony and we got drunk, and I found out the next day that I agreed to join the band. And they're such nice guys. It was great fun and it paid the bills, I had a lovely year with them and that was it."

This line-up recorded the album Born Again, but Bill Ward again dropped out of the band before the tour, being replaced by Bev Bevan of Electric Light Orchestra. On tour, Sabbath played the Deep Purple staple Smoke On The Water as the first encore. Although the album surprisingly ended up being one of their most successful ones to date (hitting No.4 in the UK charts), things did not last, as Ian Gillan left to reunite with Deep Purple. Drummer Bill Ward once again returned to the fold, and the hiring of new singer David Donato was officially announced in 1984. However, after six months worth of rehearsals, American Donato was discharged by management when Iommi and Butler squabbled over financial issues.

Lineup instability (1984–1987)

At this point, the band's credibility-destroying line-up changes, Osbourne's increasing success in his solo career and partisanship from music critics combined to put the band under Osbourne's shadow. Founding member Geezer Butler quit and formed the GZR. The original line-up of Black Sabbath temporarily reunited for one three-song show at Live Aid (Children Of The Grave, Iron Man & Paranoid) in 1985. After this, Tony Iommi decided to record a solo album and enlisted the help of long-time Sabbath keyboardist Geoff Nicholls (who was finally made an official member) and vocalist Glenn Hughes, formerly of Deep Purple and Trapeze. Tony Iommi also got engaged to famous female heavy metal star Lita Ford, and enlisted the help of her band's bassist (Dave "The Beast" Spitz) and drummer Eric Singer, (later of Kiss and Alice Cooper) to round off the line-up. However, management and record company pressure caused the album Seventh Star to be released as Black Sabbath featuring Tony Iommi.

There is a certain amount of controversy around the Seventh Star album involving Jeff Fenholt, who claims to have been Sabbath's lead singer for about seven months.[17] He claims that he left the band due to its incompatibility with his faith. Sabbath members maintain that he was never actually part of the band, only that he recorded some demos for Iommi's solo album. Supposedly some of the material on Seventh Star was written by an uncredited Fenholt.

Before the tour for Seventh Star in 1986, Glenn Hughes got into a fist fight, and suffered severe blood clotting in his throat which made him lose his voice during several shows. An unknown young American singer by the name of Ray Gillen (no relation to Ian Gillan) was recruited for the job and finished the tour. The morale in the band was very high when they started recording The Eternal Idol (former drummer Bev Bevan had returned as a percussionist, and a second bassist, Bob Daisley, was also involved), but the new Black Sabbath hit a devastating series of catastrophes involving mismanagement and financial debt, mainly from poorly planned use of expensive recording studios. As a result Ray Gillen left the band during the recording sessions. He later hooked up with ex-Ozzy Osbourne guitarist Jake E. Lee to form the band Badlands (which also included Eric Singer).

Tony Martin era (1987–1991)

Birmingham-born singer Tony Martin (ex The Alliance) was brought in to re-record all of Gillen's original vocals on the Eternal Idol tapes, and the album was finally released. Though Tony "The Cat" Martin somewhat resembled Dio, Martin clearly had his own style.

After the recording of The Eternal Idol, most of the band quit Sabbath, leaving Iommi, Martin, and Nicholls to recruit bassist Jo Burt and former Clash drummer Terry Chimes for the short-lived 1987 Eternal Idol tour.

In 1988, Kerrang! magazine ran a story that then Vegas-lounge singer Tom Jones had joined Tony Iommi and Bill Ward in Black Sabbath. This was revealed to be a hoax, possibly due to the fact that it was the April issue of the magazine (see April Fool) and during the shifting lineups of the 1980s, the Kerrang! staff seemed to enjoy poking fun at Black Sabbath as it then existed.

A degree of stability had returned to the Black Sabbath line-up by 1988 with the retention of Tony Martin and Geoff Nicholls and the addition of loyal drummer Cozy Powell, who replaced Terry Chimes. Powell, a legendary drummer, had success with his own band, as well as with Rainbow, Whitesnake, Emerson, Lake & Powell and many others. With respected session-player Laurence Cottle replacing Jo Burt, Sabbath released the critically acclaimed Headless Cross album in 1989, their most overtly 'Satanic' and occult-based album so far. An MTV video for the title track received considerable airplay, and was released to mostly positive reviews. After the Headless Cross sessions, Laurence Cottle was replaced by veteran bassist Neil Murray (a former bandmate of Cozy Powell's in Whitesnake). Sabbath released what many fans maintain is their finest album of the Martin era, Tyr in 1990. The group toured extensively throughout 1990 and 1991 to support the Tyr album.

Dehumanizer - Dio reunion (1991–1992)

On August 28, 1990, Ronnie James Dio invited Geezer Butler to a Dio show in Minneapolis as a surprise special guest, performing "Neon Knights" as the encore. After the show the pair reflected on the good times they had enjoyed together in Sabbath and from this meeting the seeds of a reunion were sown. The line-up of Dio, Butler, Iommi, Powell and Nicholls was short-lived, Cozy Powell leaving the fold shortly after to be replaced by Vinny Appice (rumors for Powell's departure include that Dio and Powell weren't getting along, or that Powell had suffered a horse-riding accident at the time). This marked the reunion of the same line-up from 1981's Mob Rules and 1982's Live Evil. Together they recorded 1992's Dehumanizer. The song "Time Machine" from this album was featured in the film, Wayne's World. The version used for the film differs than the version made for the album: the US CD of Dehumanizer features both the album version and, as a final, bonus track, the "Wayne's World version".

Playing to larger audiences than they had in nearly a decade, the rejuvenated Sabbath enjoyed renewed success with the Dehumanizer album and tour. It was around this time that Osbourne announced his retirement from touring and proposed that Black Sabbath open his final two shows at Costa Mesa. Dio refused to participate because he felt Black Sabbath shouldn't be reduced to an opening act, let alone to Osbourne who had insulted them in past interviews. Dio also didn't appreciate the shows being booked and sprung on him without his consultation. However Iommi, Butler and Appice agreed to appear. Dio angrily walked out upon hearing the news of this, and returned to his solo band. Rob Halford, singer for Judas Priest, was brought in as a last-minute replacement, specifically for this event only. The original Black Sabbath lineup, including Bill Ward, reunited to close the second night of performances, on November 15, 1992, performing four songs. Contracts were prepared for a new album and tour from the original Black Sabbath line-up, only for Osbourne to decline the offer at the last minute. In the end, Osbourne decided not to retire (following his No More Tours tour with the aptly titled "Retirement Sucks" tour).

Tony Martin reunion (1992–1997)

After the Dio debacle, Vinny Appice was replaced by former Rainbow drummer Bobby Rondinelli. Vocalist Tony Martin and keyboardist Geoff Nicholls returned to the band and Black Sabbath recorded Cross Purposes, and Cross Purposes Live, a CD and video combination, which was released in late 1994, after which Bobby Rondinelli left the group mid-tour. His replacement for the rest of the tour was, surprisingly, original Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward. After the tour, both Ward and Butler parted ways with Iommi, Martin, and Nicholls.

Another reunion was on tap in 1995. This time the Tyr-era group would again join forces, as drummer Cozy Powell and bassist Neil Murray rejoined Iommi, Martin, and Nicholls for Forbidden. The album was produced by Ernie C of the pioneering rapcore group Body Count. To date, Forbidden remains Black Sabbath's last full-length studio album recorded by any line-up. After the recording of the album, Cozy Powell left again and was replaced for the tour by a returning Bobby Rondinelli.

In 1996, Castle Records outside the U.S. and Canada remastered and re-released Black Sabbath's catalogue on CD up through The Eternal Idol (1987), and a 1988–1995 compilation titled The Sabbath Stones was released to finish Tony Iommi's contract with I.R.S. Records.

Original line up reunion (1997–present)

In 1996, Osbourne launched his successful Ozzfest metal festival tour, which he headlined on a nightly basis. On the 1997 tour, for the last part of his set each night, he was joined by Geezer Butler and Tony Iommi for a rundown on several Sabbath classics (Faith No More drummer Mike Bordin was on drums). However, in December 1997, original drummer Bill Ward joined forces with Osbourne, Iommi, and Butler officially to reform the original Black Sabbath on a permanent basis for the first time since 1979.

The reunion prompted the release of Black Sabbath's album Reunion a live double album of their shows at the end of 1997. The album also included the songs "Selling My Soul" and "Psycho Man". These were Black Sabbath's first new studio recordings since 1995, and their first with Osbourne since he left the band in 1979.

Since then, the band has released various compilations, including an epic eight CD box set called Black Box: The Complete Original Black Sabbath (1970-1978). In 1998, Vinny Appice stood-in for Bill Ward after Ward suffered a heart attack shortly before the band's European tour. By the time Sabbath toured the United States as part of the 1999 Ozzfest tour, Ward was back in the band for good. This lineup has remained stable ever since, touring sporadically.

The band had writing sessions together in 2001, with legendary producer Rick Rubin. The band ultimately decided that all work done in that time was not good enough for the "legacy" of Black Sabbath - a decision which Osbourne has stated more firmly than the other members. They did play one new song ("Scary Dreams") throughout the 2001 Ozzfest tour despite this decision. Osbourne's solo contract further delayed progress on the album (Sabbath had planned an attempt at an album in late 2001 but Osbourne worked on his album then and toured in early 2002). Sabbath remained inactive in 2002, because Osbourne had to work on his The Osbournes TV show and headline Ozzfest 2002. His career, as has been the case since the reunion, ran in parallel with Black Sabbath's own.

After no activity at all in most of 2002 and all of 2003, the band returned in 2004. The session keyboardist was Rick Wakeman's son Adam. He had been working with Osbourne and, disappointingly to longtime fans, replaced Geoff Nicholls. Nicholls had been working with the band since 1980's Heaven and Hell album. Black Sabbath headlined Ozzfest 2004 - and again at Ozzfest 2005. In November 2005, Black Sabbath were inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, and the band played at the awards ceremony. That same month it was also announced that they would be inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on March 13, 2006. This time Sabbath did not play any songs, instead having Metallica play two Black Sabbath songs, "Hole in the Sky" and "Iron Man".

Bill Ward decided not to participate in the Heaven and Hell (see below), but has stated that he would participate in a tour and new album of the original Black Sabbath lineup in late 2007[18]. This has not happened because Heaven and Hell decided to make the tour last a whole year, but confirms the idea that a future with Osbourne is being planned.

In 2007, Osbourne stated on his website that the original lineup of Black Sabbath would join forces in the studio record a new album, the first in over 30 years.[19] Whether this will occur has yet to be confirmed by Tony Iommi or Geezer Butler who have remained vague, though they and Bill Ward have confirmed plans of some sort by Black Sabbath in 2008. Sharon Osbourne is also working on having the original Black Sabbath headline Ozzfest 2008.[20] Whether this will coincide with future releases by the original line-up remains to be seen.

Band members' solo projects

One of the reasons why the band has yet to release any albums since their 1997 reunion is their various other activities, most obviously singer Osbourne's. Osbourne released a compilation in 1997, an album in 2001, a live album in 2002, a compilation in 2003, an anthology in 2005 and an album in 2007. He also released a covers album in 2005, though most of these new songs were on his 2005 anthology released shortly before.

Tony Iommi released his first solo album in 2000, Iommi. It had taken nearly 5 years. He released the 1996 recording sessions for the album in 2004 under the name The DEP sessions with singer Glenn Hughes, and another album, Fused in 2005 (work on this began in 2003). Geezer Butler's band G/Z/R finally released an album (1995's Plastic Planet). Iommi featured both Bill Ward and Osbourne as guest musicians. Bill Ward's only release since the reunion has been a single, 2003's Straws and an internet download, 'The Dark Hour'. His interest in music has always been focused on Sabbath, with all his motivation following the band.

In late September 2006, Spain-based webzine Rafabasa reported that Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler and Bill Ward would reunite with Ronnie James Dio for a tour of festivals in the summer of 2007 in support of the pending release Black Sabbath: The Dio Years which includes the past recordings and three new Black Sabbath songs written by Iommi and Dio: "The Devil Cried" (also released as a single), "Shadow of the Wind," and "Ear in the Wall." Ward eventually decided not be involved in the project, with Vinny Appice joining the project instead (which makes this the second reunion of the classic Mob Rules/Live Evil/Dehumanizer version of Black Sabbath). A live album from the band's 1981 tour was also released - Live at Hammersmith Odeon. This CD was limited to 5000 pieces and sold out almost immediately. Apart from these releases, a tour has begun by the lineup. See paragraph on Heaven and Hell lower down the page. These releases mark the band's first since the Reunion album, making the band's total number of newly released songs since the Forbidden album.

Members

Main article: List of Black Sabbath band members

Current line-up

Lineup reunions

  • In 1992, the 1980–1982 version of Black Sabbath (Iommi/Butler/Dio/Appice) reunited and toured for the album Dehumanizer.
  • In 1992, the original members of Black Sabbath played three songs after one of Osbourne's "retirement" concerts in Costa Mesa, California.
  • In 1995, the 1989–1991 version of the band (Iommi/Powell/Martin/Murray/Nicholls) reunited for the album and tour for Forbidden.
  • In 1997–98, the original members of Black Sabbath reunited, toured and released Reunion. In 1999, 2001, 2004 and 2005 the original Black Sabbath toured on Osbourne's Ozzfest festival. Since at least 2001, there have been rumours of a new album with new songs, but to date, nothing has surfaced, and no formal plans to record have been made.[citation needed] They recorded demos but decided they were not up to the legacy of the band.[citation needed]

Heaven and Hell 2007

Main article: Heaven and Hell (band)

Following the release of Black Sabbath: The Dio Years, Dio, Iommi, Butler, and Appice decided to embark on a tour. However, as the original line up of Black Sabbath are still together, the new collaboration perform under the name "Heaven and Hell" after the album of the same name which started Dio's era in the band - both the band and the tour use this name. The three new tracks recorded by Heaven and Hell for the compilation Black Sabbath: The Dio Years are featured under the name "Black Sabbath." According to an inteview with Geezer Butler on October 26th, 2007, Heaven and Hell are in talks with various record companies about writing and recording a new studio album for release in 2008.

Individual Black Sabbath member reunions

More than most bands, the members of Black Sabbath have left and returned numerous times. Below is a list.

  • In September 1977, Osbourne quit the band briefly but came back in January 1978.
  • After leaving in April 1991, Tony Martin returned to the fold in the Spring of 1993 until 1997 while the original line-up was reuniting.
  • After performing as singer November 14/15 1992, Rob Halford substituted for Osbourne again on August 26 2004.
  • Having left in mid 1984, Geezer Butler came back in April 1991 until October 1994, before his final, permanent return in March 1997.
  • Dave Spitz, bassist for the band September 1985 - September 1986 returned in July 1987, briefly.
  • Before September 1997's full blown Black Sabbath reunion, Osbourne played with the band from March - July with the original lineup minus Bill Ward.
  • After his initial departure in August 1980, Bill Ward worked sporadically with the band. He was with Sabbath January - August 1983, the Summer of 1984, August - September 1994 before the 1997 reunion of the classic lineup.
  • Bev Bevan took the drum stool August 1983 - Summer 1984, before returning in June - October 1987.
  • Vinny Appice performed when Bill Ward was unable to from May - September 1998.
  • Bobby Rondinelli had two short spells in Black Sabbath, Spring 1993 - August 1994 and July - December 1995.

Discography

Main article: Black Sabbath discography

References

  • Rosen, Steven. The Story of Black Sabbath: Wheels of Confusion. Castle Communications, 1996. ISBN 1-86074-149-5.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Huey, Steve. "AMG Paranoid Review". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 2008-02-11.
  2. ^ "Ozzy Osbourne: Prince of Darkness". Mybrum.com. Retrieved 2007-12-08.
  3. ^ 100 "Greatest Artists of Hard Rock". VH1. Retrieved 2007-12-09. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  4. ^ Timeline "Black Sabbath Live Project - Beginnings". Sabbathlive.com. Retrieved 2007-12-09. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  5. ^ Siegler, Joe. "Black Sabbath Online: Band Lineup History". Blacksabbath.com. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
  6. ^ "Melody Maker 1968-12-21". Melody Maker Magazine. Retrieved 2008-02-14. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ^ Rosen, p. 34
  8. ^ "Ozzy Osbourne: The Godfather of Metal". NYRock.com. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
  9. ^ Ozzy Osbourne: Behind the Music by VH1; first aired 1998-04-19
  10. ^ Rosen, p.38
  11. ^ a b Ruhlmann, William. ""AMG Biography"". All Music Guide. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
  12. ^ a b c ""Rolling Stone Biography"". Roling Stone.com. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
  13. ^ Bangs, Lester (1970). "Black Sabbath Album Review". Roling Stone Magazine #66, May 1970. Retrieved 2008-02-14. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  14. ^ Rosen, pg. 57
  15. ^ Ozzy Osbourne Interview by David Gans
  16. ^ Live Evil: Information and Much More from Answers.com
  17. ^ Black Sabbath Online: "Jeff Fenholt??"
  18. ^ Bill Ward not participating in Heaven and Hell
  19. ^ Ozzy Osbourne Home | The Official Ozzy Osbourne Site
  20. ^ Billboard interview with Osbourne discussing plans for Ozzfest 2008
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