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List of bagpipes

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Western and Northern Europe

Great Britain

  • Great Highland Bagpipe: the world's most commonly played bagpipe
  • Northumbrian smallpipes: a smallpipe with a closed end chanter played in staccato.
  • Border pipe: also called the "Lowland Bagpipe", commonly confused with smallpipes, but much louder. Played in the Lowlands of Scotland, and in England near the Anglo-Scottish border. Conically bored, sounding similar in timbre to the Highland pipes, but partially or fully chromatic.
  • Scottish smallpipes: a modern re-interpretation of an extinct instrument. Derived from the Northumbrian pipes by Colin Ross and others.
  • Cornish bagpipes: an extinct type of double chanter bagpipe from Cornwall (southwest England); there are currently attempts being made to revive it on the basis of literary descriptions and iconographic representations.[1]
  • Welsh pipes (Welsh:pibe cyrn, pibgod): Of two types, one a descendant of the pibgorn, the other loosely based on the Breton Veuze. Both mouthblown with one bass drone.
  • Lancashire Great-pipe: another extinct type of English bagpipe that enthusiasts are attempting to "reconstruct" based on descriptions and representations but no actual physical evidence.
  • Pastoral Pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it was developed into the modern Uilleann bagpipe.

Ireland

  • Uilleann pipes : Bellows-blown bagpipe with keyed or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators). The most common type of bagpipes in Irish traditional music.
  • Great Irish Warpipes: Carried by most Irish regiments of the British Army (except the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers) until the late 1960s, when the Great Highland Bagpipe became standard. The Warpipe differed from the latter only in having a single tenor drone.
  • Brian Boru bagpipes: Carried by the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and had three drones, one of which was a baritone, pitched between bass and tenor. Unlike the chanter of the Great Highland Bagpipe, its chanter is keyed, allowing for a greater tonal range.
  • Pastoral pipes: Although the exact origin of this keyed, or un-keyed chanter and keyed drones (regulators), pipe is uncertain, it was developed into the modern Uilleann bagpipe.

Northern Europe

Traditional Swedish bagpipes, säckpipa, made by Leif Eriksson
  • Säckpipa: Also the Swedish word for "bagpipe" in general, this instrument was on the brink of extinction in the first half of the 20th century. It has a cylindrical bore and a single reed, as well as a single drone at the same pitch as the bottom note of the chanter.
  • Torupill: an Estonian bagpipe with one single-reeded chanter and 1-3 drones.MP3

France

  • Musette de cour: French ancestor of the Northumbrian pipes, used in folk music as well as classical compositions in the 18th century French court. The shuttle design for the drones was recently revived and added to a mouth blown Scottish smallpipe.
  • Biniou or biniou koz (old style bagpipe): a mouth blown bagpipe from Brittany, a Celtic region of northwestern France. It is the most famous bagpipe of France. The great Highland bagpipe is also used in marching bands called bagadoù and known as biniou braz (great bagpipe).
  • Veuze, found in Vendée, similar to Galician gaitas.
  • Cabrette, played in Auvergne.
  • Chabrette or chabretta, found in the Limousin region of central France.
  • Bodega, found in Languedoc, made of an entire goat skin.
  • Boha, found in the Gascogne region of southwestern France.
  • Musette bressane, found in Bresse.
  • Bagpipes of central France: (French cornemuse du centre or musette du centre) are of many different types, some mouth blown. It can be found in the Bourbonnais, Berry, Nivernais, and Morvan regions of France and in different tonalities.
  • "Chabrette poitevine," found in the Poitou region of west-central France, but now extremely rare.

The Netherlands and Belgium

Germany

  • Dudelsack: German bagpipe with two drones and one chanter. Also called Schäferpfeife (shepherd pipe) or Sackpfeife. The drones are sometimes fit into one stock and do not lie on the player's shoulder but are tied to the front of the bag.
  • Mittelaltersackpfeife: Reconstruction of medieval bagpipes after descriptions by Michael Praetorius and depictions by Albrecht Durer, among others. While the exterior is reconstructed from these sources, the interior and sound are often similar to the Scottish Great Highland Bagpipe. Commonly tuned in A minor and used by musical groups specialising in medieval tunes. Often to be seen at medieval festivals and markets.
  • Huemmelchen: small bagpipe with the look of a small medieval pipe or a Dudelsack. The sound is similar to that of the Uilleann pipes, or sometimes the smallpipes. Seldom louder than 60 or 70 dB.

Switzerland

  • Schweizer Sackpfeife (Swiss bagpipe): In Switzerland, the "Sackpfiffe" was a common instrument in the folkmusic from the middle-ages to the early 18th century – documented by iconography and in written sources (one or two drones and one chanter with double reeds).

Eastern Europe

A Serbian bagpiper
Main article: Croatian Bagpipes
File:UI-Volynka.jpg
Ukrainian volynka
  • Volynka (Template:Lang-uk), (Russian: Волынка): It is a Slavic bagpipe. Its etymology comes from the region in which it was most popular - Volyn in Ukraine.
  • Gaida (also the large kaba gaida from the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria): Southern Balkan (i.e. Bulgarian and Macedonian) and Greek and Albanian bagpipe with one drone and one chanter
  • Gajdy or gajde: the name for various bagpipes of Eastern Europe, found in Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, and Croatia.
  • Dudy (also known by the German name Bock): Czech bellows-blown bagpipe with a long, crooked drone and chanter that curves up at the end.
  • Magyar Duda or Hungarian duda (also known as tömlősíp, bőrduda and Croatian duda) has a double chanter (two parallel bores in a single stick of wood, Croatian versions have three or four) with single reeds and a bass drone. It is typical of a large group of pipes played in the Carpathian Basin.
  • Istarski mih (Piva d'Istria), a double chantered, droneless bagpipe whose side by side chanters are cut from a single rectangular piece of wood. They are typically single reed instruments, using the Istrian scale.
  • Cimpoi, the Romanian bagpipe, has a single drone and straight bore chanter and is less stringent than its Balkan relatives. The number of finger holes varies from five to eight and there are two types of cimpoi with a double chanter. The bag is often covered with embroidered cloth. The bagpipe can be found in most of Romania apart from the central, northern and eastern parts of Transylvania, but nowadays it is only played by a few elderly people.

Poland

Dudy wielkopolskie (men) and Kozioł czarny (women)

The generic names for bagpipes in Polish[2] are kozioł (buck), gajdy or koza (goat), sometimes are also wrongly named kobza. They are used in folk music of Podhale, Żywiec Beskids, Cieszyn Silesia and mostly in Greater Poland, were are known four basic variants of bagpipes:

  • Dudy wielkopolskie (Greater Polands bagpipes) with two subtypes: Rawicz-Gostyń nd Kościan-Buk
  • Kozioł biały weselny or shortly kozioł biały (white wedding-party buck or simply white buck)
  • Kozioł czarny ślubny or shortly kozioł czarny (black wedding buck or simply black buck)
  • Sierszeńki

In Podhale there is one type of dudy called koza or gajdzica.


Southern Europe

Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain)

Main article: Spanish bagpipes
  • Portuguese and Spanish gaitas: Gaita, gaita-de-fole, gaita de boto, sac de gemecs, gaita de fol and gaita de fuelle is a generic term for "bagpipe" in Spanish, Portuguese, Galego, Asturian, Catalan and Aragonese, for distinct bagpipes used in Galicia (Spain), Asturias (Spain), Cantabria (Spain), Catalonia (Spain), Aragon (Spain) and also Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal) Estremadura (Portugal), Minho (Portugal) and Beira Litoral (Portugal). Just like "Northumbrian smallpipes" or "Great Highland bagpipes," each country and region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name: gaita galega (Galicia, Spain), gaita transmontana (Trás-os-Montes, Portugal), gaita asturiana (Asturias, Spain), gaita sanabresa (Sanabria, Spain), sac de gemecs (Catalunya, Spain) gaita de boto (Aragon, Spain) etc. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands for some models.
  • Sac de gemecs : used in Catalonia (Spain). In Mallorca island, this same bagpipe is called a "Xeremia" and is played in a duet with a Flabiol (one handed whistle) and drum.
  • Galician gaita is a traditional bagpipe used in Galicia and Northern and Central Portugal.

Italy

  • Zampogna : A generic name for an Italian bagpipe, with different scale arrangements for two chanters (for different regions of Italy), and from one to three drones (single drone versions can sound a fifth, in relation to the chanter keynote).Other drones are tuned higher or lower than the chanters, and the drones, like the chanters, can be single or double reeded. The double reeded version of the Zampogna is generally played with the piffero (called biffera in the Ciociaria]; a shawm, or folk oboe), which plays the melody and the zampogna provides chord changes, "vamping" or rhythmic harmony figures or a bass line and a soprano harmony as accompaniment. This double reed tradition would include the Ciociaria (Latium, southern Abruzzo and Molise), that of southern Basilicata (Pollino) and nearby areas of Calabria, and some areas of Sicily (Siracusa, Palermo). Single reed versions are played solo in the Calabrian tradition of the surdullina (Cosenza), and a version with a plugged chanter called the "surdullina Albanese," and the Sicilian ciaramedda or ciaramèddha (Catania, Messina, and Reggio Calabria). The chanters and drones vary, according to the tradition, from a few inches long (surdullina) to two meters in length, such as used in the cathedral of Monreale (Palermo) and nearly every size in between. The word "zampogna" is etymologically related to the Greek simponia, the plural of "simponi" meaning single beating reed; also to the Greek island bagpipe "tsampouna" (see above). Its Romanian counterpart is cimpoi, which means "symphony" or "many sounds played together."
  • Piva, used in northern Italy (Bergamo, Emilia). A single chantered, single drone instrument, with double reeds, often played in accompaniment to a shawm, or piffero. The old Bergamo type is called Baghèt.
  • Launeddas of Sardinia. While not strictly a bagpipe in that it is played in the mouth by circular breathing, it is nonetheless a cousin and likely ancestor of the Italian zampogna, in that it has two chanters and a drone, all single reed. They vary, according to the tradition, from about a foot long to almost a meter in length.

Malta

Greece

  • Askomandoura - bagpipe used in Cretephoto
  • Tsampouna (also tsambouna, tsabouna, etc.) [Greek: τσαμπούνα]: Greek island bagpipe with a double chanter, no drone and a bag made from an entire goatskin. Pronounced "saw-bow-nah".

Southwest Asia

Anatolia

Pontic bagpipe/dankiyo/tulum consist of :1 . Post - Skin (bag) : Animal Skin, 2 . Fisaktir - blowpipe : Wood or Bone, 3 . Avlos - flute : Wood & Reeds, 4 . Kalame - Reeds: Reeds

The Caucasus

The Gulf States

Iran

  • Ney anban (Persian: نی انبان): Persian bagpipe from the south of Iran; bag made from animal skin.

North Africa

  • Mizwad (Arabic: مِزْود; plural مَزاود mazāwid): Tunisian bagpipes with a double-chanter terminating in two cow horns.
  • Ghaita: a type of bagpipe played in Algeria.

References

  1. ^ Woodhouse, Harry (1994). Cornish Bagpipes: Fact or Fiction?. Trewirgie: Dyllansow Truran.
  2. ^ Dudy grają

See also

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