Stara Zagora
- Beroe redirects here. For the ctenophore (comb jelly) genus, see Beroe (ctenophore).
Stara Zagora
Стара Загора | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Bulgaria |
| Provinces (Oblast) | Stara Zagora |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Svetlin Tanchev |
| Elevation | 196 m (643 ft) |
| Population (2007-09-14)[1] | |
• City | 162,416 |
| • Metro | 213,444[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal Code | 6000 |
| Area code | 042 |
Stara Zagora (Template:Lang-bg) is a city in the central part of Southern Bulgaria, and constitutes an important economic centre. Stara Zagora is known as the city of straight streets, linden trees, and poets. According to the city's chamber of commerce, it is one of the oldest settlements in Europe, being at least eight thousand years old. According to one unofficial study, Stara Zagora ranks second among the cities in Bulgaria by average salary.[1]
Geography and climate
Stara Zagora is the administrative centre of its municipality and the Stara Zagora Province. It is located about Template:Km to mi away from Sofia, near the Bedechka river in the historic region of Thrace. The population is about 162,000.
The city is located in an area of transitional continental climate with considerable Mediterranean influence. The average yearly temperature is about Template:C to F.
History
Stara Zagora is considered to be one of the oldest settlements in Bulgaria and Southeastern Europe.[citation needed] It was founded by the Thracians under the name Beroe (meaning iron) about 6th-5th century BCE, with the Neolithic dwellings and the copper mine near the city being the oldest preserved ones in Europe. The area has been a mining region since Antiquity.
Under the Roman Empire, the town was renamed to Augusta Trajana in honour of emperor Trajan.
At the time of the Byzantine Empire, it adopted the name Irinopolis after Byzantine empress Irene. The fortifications around the town were reconstructed because of fear of Bulgarian attacks, but Irinopolis and the whole Zagore region were reincorporated into Bulgaria in 717. The land was bestowed on khan Tervel as a Byzantine gift in acknowledgement of the Bulgarian help to fight back the Arabs besieging Constantinople. The region was the first Bulgarian territorial gain south of Stara Planina. The town acquired the name Boruy.
In the year 1122 Stara Zagora (Beroia) was the site of a battle between Byzantine Emperor John II Komnenos and an invading Pecheneg army, the Battle of Beroia. The Pechenegs suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of John's Byzantine army, and many of the captives were settled as foederati within the Byzantine frontier. In 1028 the Bulgarians defeated the Latin Empire in the battle of Boruy.
The Ottomans conquered Stara Zagora in 1371. A grade school was built in 1840 and the town's name was changed to Zheleznik (Железник; a Slavic translation of Beroe) in 1854 instead of the Turkish Eskizağra, but was renamed once again to Stara Zagora in 1870. After the Liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule in 1878, it became part of autonomous Eastern Rumelia before the two Bulgarian states finally merged in 1886 as a result of the Unification of Bulgaria.
Historical population
| Year | Population[citation needed] |
|---|---|
| 1875 | 23,000 |
| 1884 | 15,500 |
| 1901–1913 | 27,000 |
| 1934 | 34,000 |
| 1940 | 40,000 |
| 1956 | 56,000 |
| 1965 | 87,000 |
| 1968 | 100,000 |
| 1975 | 122,000 |
| 1985 | 157,000 |
| 1992 | 162,000 |
| 2002 | 164,000 |
Culture
Landmarks
- The Antique Forum
- Thracian Tomb
- The Roman Baths
- The Samarsko Zname Monument
- Ayazmoto Park
- Defenders of Stara Zagora Memorial Complex
- Memorial House of Geo Milev
- The South Gate of Augusta Trajana
- The Opera House (built 1925)
- Stara Zagora Transmitter with one of the few Blaw-Knox Towers in Europe
Famous Natives
- Anna Tomowa-Sintow, dramatic soprano opera singer
- Vesselina Kasarova, lyric mezzo soprano opera singer
- Kiril Hristov, writer
Trivia
- Beroe Hill on Livingston Island, West Antarctica is named after this city, in its previous incarnation as Beroe.
- One of the two lighting factories Svetlina is situated here.
Notes
See also
External links
- Stara Zagora Regional museum of history
- Stara Zagora Tourist Information Centre
- Stara Zagora Economic Development Agency
- Maps, Population, Info & Facts about cities and villages in Stara Zagora municipality
- Programata Stara Zagora — the free cultural guide of Stara Zagora
- Information and links about Stara Zagora
- Information from Visit Bulgaria
- Chamber of commerce
- Real Photos from Stara Zagora
