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Last of the Summer Wine

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Last of the Summer Wine
File:LOTSW-title.jpg
Last of the Summer Wine intertitle
GenreSitcom
Created byRoy Clarke
Written byRoy Clarke
Directed byJames Gilbert (1973)
Bernard Thompson (1975)
Sydney Lotterby (1976–1979, 1982–1983)
Alan J. W. Bell (1981–1982, 1984–present)
Starringcurrent cast:
Peter Sallis
Kathy Staff
Frank Thornton
and Brian Murphy
---
Burt Kwouk
Stephen Lewis
June Whitfield
---
Jean Alexander
Jane Freeman
Mike Grady
Josephine Tewson
Theme music composerRonnie Hazlehurst
Opening theme"The Last of the Summer Wine"
ComposerRonnie Hazlehurst (1973–2007)
Country of origin United Kingdom
Original languageEnglish
No. of series29 as of 2008
No. of episodes267 as of 23 September 2007 (list of episodes)
Production
ProducersJames Gilbert (1973)
Bernard Thompson (1975)
Sydney Lotterby (1976–1979)
Alan J. W. Bell (1981–1982, 1984–present)
Production locationsHolmfirth, West Yorkshire, England
Running time30 min. (approx.)
Original release
NetworkBBC One
Release12 November 1973 –
Present
Related
Comedy Playhouse
First of the Summer Wine

Last of the Summer Wine is a National Television Award winning British sitcom that airs on BBC One and is written by Roy Clarke and produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell. Last of the Summer Wine originally premiered as an episode of Comedy Playhouse on 4 January 1973, with the first series of episodes following on 12 November 1973. The 28th series, which aired on Sunday nights at 6:20 p.m., concluded on 23 September 2007.[1] As of November 2007, a 29th series is in production to premiere in 2008.[2] Reruns of the show currently air in the UK on satellite stations UKTV Gold and UKTV Drama. Internationally, Last of the Summer Wine airs in over twenty-five countries,[3] including various PBS stations in the United States. Last of the Summer Wine is the longest running comedy programme in Britain and the longest running sitcom in the world.[4]

Set and filmed in Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, England, the plot centres around a trio of older men, the lineup of whom has changed over the years, but originally consisted of the scruffy and child-like Compo, deep-thinking and meek Clegg, and authoritarian and snobbish Blamire, who was replaced by the quirky war veteran Foggy after two series in 1976. The three never seem to grow up, revelling in youthful stunts, and always finding a unique perspective on their equally eccentric fellow townspeople. Although the cast was originally centred around a handful of people, it has, since the 1980s, grown to include an ensemble of supporting characters, each of whom bring their own unique sub-plots to the show and often become unwillingly involved in the increasingly complex plots of the trio, who seldom tire of trying to meddle in their affairs and "help" them.

Although reception of the series is generally mixed, with some feeling the show has long since run its course,[5] Last of the Summer Wine continues to bring in a large audience for the BBC[6] and has been praised for its positive portrayal of older people,[7] its family-friendly humour,[7] and by members of the British Royal Family, many of whom have admitted to enjoying the show.[8] Last of the Summer Wine has subsequently inspired other adaptations including a novel, a prequel, and a stage adaptation.[9]

Production

History and development

In 1972, Duncan Wood, then-head of BBC Comedy, was watching a programme called The Misfit, written by Roy Clarke. Since The Misfit was supposed to be a drama, Wood was impressed with how Clarke was able to inject comedy into the script at the same time. He approached Clarke and asked him if he would be interested in doing a sitcom, which Clarke readily agreed to.[4]

The idea Clarke was presented with from the BBC was of a programme centred around three old men. Clarke initially felt no enthusiasm for the concept and, at one point, almost turned it down. He then thought of a show where the old men were all unmarried, widowed, or divorced, unemployed or retired, and free to roam around like adolescents in the prime of their lives, free and uninhibited.[4]

Clarke wanted the title of the series to be The Last of the Summer Wine to reflect the fact the characters were in the summer of their lives as opposed to the autumn, even if, for them, it was the last of the summer. BBC producers initially hated the title and insisted it remain a working title, and the cast was scared that people would not be able to remember the name of the show. The show's working title then became The Library Mob, reflecting the library being one of the main trio's regular haunts when the series began. Shortly before production began, Clarke reverted to his previous idea of the show being titled The Last of the Summer Wine,[4] though the word "The" was dropped from the title after the pilot.[10]

The Last of the Summer Wine originally premiered as an episode of BBC's Comedy Playhouse. The pilot, "Of Funerals and Fish," aired on 4 January 1973 and warranted a positive enough response that a full series had been commissioned and aired before the year was up.[11] Though the initial series of episodes did not do well in the ratings, the BBC ordered a second series in 1975, a move which proved successful when two episodes from the series made it into the top ten programmes of the week.[12]

Filming

The location for exterior shots was chosen, in part, because of the influence of Barry Took, who was producing a series of documentaries for the BBC on working men's clubs, one of which, Burnlee Working Men's Club, was located in the small West Yorkshire town of Holmfirth. Although Took's series of documentaries proved a failure, the one set in Holmfirth drew the highest ratings of all the programmes. Took saw the potential for Holmfirth as the backdrop to a television series and suggested it to Duncan Wood, who was then filming Comedy Playhouse.[13] Wood passed the suggestion on to James Gilbert and Roy Clarke, who travelled to Holmfirth and both agreed they liked the location and agreed to shoot what would become the pilot for Last of the Summer Wine there.[4][14]

Although the exteriors have always been filmed in Holmfirth, until the early 1990s, interior shots were filmed in front of a live studio audience at BBC Television Centre in London. As the cast began to age, the amount of location work increased as studio work became a drain on time and money. Eventually, under Alan J. W. Bell, the series was filmed completely on location in Holmfirth, becoming the first comedy series on television to completely do away with a live studio audience.[15] In order to continue using a laugh track but avoid using canned laughter, which both Bell and Clarke refuse to use, the episodes are filmed and then shown to preview audiences each year. The laughter of the audience is recorded and then spliced into each episode to provide a laugh track.[4][16]

The show frequently uses actual businesses and residences in and around Holmfirth for various scenes, including Sid's Café (which was originally a paint shop dressed for effect but was turned into a real café to cash in on tourist money)[17] and Nora Batty's house, a real Holmfirth residence owned by Holmfirth resident Sonia Whitehead.[4] Although this has generally been good for Holmfirth, making the town a tourist destination of sorts, tensions have occasionally sprung up between Holmfirth residents and the crew. One such incident, regarding compensation to residents including Whitehead in 2005, made producer Alan J. W. Bell seriously consider the idea of not filming in Holmfirth altogether. The incident escalated to the point that Bell reportedly filmed a scene with Nora Batty putting her house up for sale.[18]

Crew

Every episode of Last of the Summer Wine to date has been written by Roy Clarke. The Comedy Playhouse pilot and all episodes from the first series were produced and directed by James Gilbert. Bernard Thompson produced and directed the second series of episodes in 1975.[19] In 1976, Sydney Lotterby took over as producer and director and would direct three series of episodes before departing the series in 1979.[20][4] In 1981, Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer and director of the series. Bell has been noted for his use of more film than his predecessors, often using several takes to get a scene just right[4] and for wider angles showing more of the local Holmfirth landscape.[21]

In 1983, Lotterby returned to the series, largely due to the insistence of Brian Wilde, who preferred Lotterby's style of focusing on the trio as they talked rather than Bell's wider shots. Lotterby only produced and directed one additional series before departing again the same year.[22] Bell would return to the series permanently beginning with the 1983 Christmas special and has produced and aired all subsequent episodes of the show to date.[23]

Music

The theme for the series was composed by composer and conductor Ronnie Hazlehurst, who had also composed the themes for such series as Are You Being Served? and Yes Minister. The BBC initially disliked Hazlehurst's theme, feeling it was not proper for a comedy programme to have such mellow music. He was initially asked to play the music faster for more comedic effect, though eventually the original slower version became the theme.[4]

Although normally played instrumentally, the theme has twice had lyrics sung with it, although on both occasions the lyrics were different. The first occasion was in the 1983 film special, Getting Sam Home, in which a version of the lyrics written by Roy Clarke featured during the opening credits. An altered version was sung during Compo's funeral in the 2000 episode "Just a Small Funeral." A third version of the lyrics, written by Bill Owen, exists, but has never been used during an episode of the show.[24]

In addition to the theme song, Hazlehurst composed the score for each episode until his death in 2007.[25] Hazlehurst spent, on average, ten hours per episode watching and noting scenes for music synchronisation. Hazelhurst then recorded the music using an orchestra consisting of a guitar, harmonica, two violins, a viola, cello, accordion, horn, bass, flute, and percussion.[4]

Characters and casting

Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine characters
The most famous of the Last of the Summer Wine trios: From left to right: Peter Sallis as Norman Clegg, Brian Wilde as "Foggy" Dewhurst, and Bill Owen as "Compo" Simmonite.

Initially, the only actor to be cast in stone for the series was Peter Sallis. Having already done a few scripts with Sallis, Clarke created the character of Norman Clegg especially for Sallis. Sallis liked the character and agreed to play him.[26] Sallis would soon be joined by an actor he had previously worked with, veteran comedy actor Michael Bates, as Cyril Blamire.[27]

It was James Gilbert's idea to cast film actor Bill Owen as Compo Simmonite, an idea which Clarke initially did not like, having seen Owen as an archetypal cockney. Compo was envisioned as a solid northern character, and Gilbert had seen Owen playing such characters in the Royal Court Theatre. Clarke soon changed his mind when he went to London for a read-through with Owen and saw his potential to play Compo.[28]

Later changes to the cast would be made largely based on the on-screen chemistry with existing cast members. Brian Wilde, Michael Aldridge, and Frank Thornton each brought a sense of completion to the trio after the departure of the preceding third man.[29] Tom Owen was brought in as a direct link between his father and himself after the death of Bill Owen.[4][30] Keith Clifford was added following three popular guest appearances on the show.[31] Brian Murphy was chosen as Nora Batty's neighbour largely based on his work on George and Mildred, where he played the hen-pecked husband to a strong-willed woman.[4]

In addition to the trio, the original cast of Last of the Summer Wine included a handful of characters the trio interacted with on a regular basis. Kathy Staff was cast as Compo's neighbour, Nora Batty, despite the initial skepticism of Gilbert, after she padded herself to look bigger and read from a scene between Owen and her.[32] The original cast was rounded out by characters at two locales frequented by the trio: John Comer and Jane Freeman as the quarreling husband-wife owners of the local café, Sid[33] and Ivy,[34] and Blake Butler and Rosemary Martin as the librarians having a not-so-secret affair, Mr. Wainwright[35] and Mrs. Partridge.[36] However, Butler and Martin were dropped as major characters after the first series.[37]

Additional supporting cast members have been added throughout the run of the show, creating an ensemble cast of characters. Of all the supporting cast members who would come later, Gordon Wharmby was the only one who was not a professional actor before joining the series and never claimed to be one. A local of Holmfirth, he was able to portray his mechanic character, Wesley Pegden, so well during his audition with Alan J. W. Bell that he was given what was originally a one-off role and eventually brought on as a series regular.[38]

Guest appearances

When Alan J. W. Bell took over as producer, the plots of Last of the Summer Wine moved away from the original dialogue packed discussions in the pub and the library, and a need was felt to bring in guest actors to give the trio new situations to respond to. Many of these guest appearances would only be one-off appearances,[39] although such guest appearances sometimes lead to a permanent role on the series, as in the cases of Gordon Wharmby,[40] Thora Hird,[41] Jean Alexander,[42][43] Stephen Lewis,[44] Dora Bryan,[45] Keith Clifford,[46][45][47] Brian Murphy,[48] Josephine Tewson,[49] and June Whitfield.[50]

Other noted guests on the series have included John Cleese,[51] Ron Moody,[52] Sir Norman Wisdom,[53] Eric Sykes,[54] Liz Fraser,[55][56] Stanley Lebor,[57] Philip Jackson,[58][59][60] and Trevor Bannister.[61]

Plot

The continuing focus of Last of the Summer Wine is the trio of older men (briefly a quartet from 2004 to 2006) and their continuing youthful antics. With no wives, no jobs, and no ties to responsibility, the three are able to explore the world around them and have a second childhood. In the process, they often philosophize about the world around them, engage in psychology about their fellow townspeople, and test inventions as a means to pass time.[62]

In the first decade, regular subplots of the show included the continual bickering of Sid and Ivy over the management of the café,[63] various attempts by Mr. Wainwright and Mrs. Partridge to engage in a love affair away from prying eyes,[64] Wally's attempts to get away from Nora's watchful eye,[65] Foggy's continual exaggerated war stories, and Compo's attempts at winning the affections of Nora Batty.[66]

As the supporting cast grew over the years, so did the number of subplots they were involved in. Regular subplots on the show have included Howard and Marina's attempts at carrying out an affair without Howard's wife, Pearl, finding out (a variation on the Wainwright/Partridge subplot of the 1970s),[67] the meeting of the older women for tea, originally held at Edie's house but later moved to Glenda's house after Edie's death, and their theories of men and life they discuss over tea, Auntie Wainwright's continual attempts to sell unwanted merchandise to unsuspecting customers, Smiler's attempts to find a woman, Barry's attempts to better himself (at the insistence of Glenda), and Tom's attempts to stay one step ahead of the repo man.

Episodes

Main article: List of Last of the Summer Wine episodes
File:Summerwine2003.jpg
The Summer Wine trio, around 2003. From left to right: Peter Sallis as Norman Clegg, Keith Clifford as Billy Hardcastle, and Frank Thornton as "Truly" Truelove.

Last of the Summer Wine is currently the longest running comedy programme in Britain. Each series of episodes typically has anywhere from six to twelve episodes. Regular episodes are thirty minutes in length, although some specials are longer. Series 28, which concluded in September 2007, had ten episodes. As of September 2007, the show has run for 267 episodes since 1973, including the pilot, all episodes of the series, all specials, and three films. In addition, a 29th season is currently in production to air in 2008.[2]

Specials

In 1978, the BBC commissioned a Last of the Summer Wine Christmas special in lieu of a new series. The special, entitled "Small Tune on a Penny Wassail," aired on 26 December 1978. This was followed up with additional Christmas specials in 1979 and 1981, the later of which, "Whoops!," gained 17 million viewers and was beaten only by Coronation Street for the number one spot. Since then, Christmas specials have been produced infrequently, sometimes being the only new episode made during a year when a new series is not ordered,[68] especially during the 1980s, when Roy Clarke's commitment to Open All Hours prevented the production of a full series every year.[69] The specials often include well known guest stars such as John Cleese and June Whitfield. In total, twenty-one such Christmas specials have been made to date.

In 1995, the first New Years special was commissioned, "The Man who Nearly Knew Pavarotti," featuring Norman Wisdom as a piano player who had lost the confidence to play. The hour-long special aired on 1 January 1995.[70] One additional New Years special would be broadcast in 2000 to celebrate the new millennium, featuring the second guest appearance by Keith Clifford, as well as a guest appearance by Dora Bryan. Entitled "Last Post and Pigeon," the special ran for sixty minutes and featured the trio making a pilgrimage to visit war graves in France, with part of the special shot on location in France.[71]

Films

In 1983, Bill Owen suggested to newly returning producer Alan J. W. Bell that Roy Clarke's novelization of the series should be made into a feature length special. Although other British sitcoms such as Steptoe and Son and Dad's Army previously had films made for the cinema, the BBC had never commissioned a film based on a comedy series before for original broadcast on television, and were skeptical of the idea. The network was eventually convinced, and commissioned the ninety minute film, known as Getting Sam Home. The film aired on 27 December 1983 and started a trend which would continue with other British sitcoms, including Clarke's own Open All Hours.[72]

After the success of Getting Sam Home, a second film was made in 1986. Titled Uncle of the Bride, the film featured the introduction of Michael Aldridge as Seymour, the new third man of the trio. The plot centered around the marriage of Seymour's niece, Glenda, played by Sarah Thomas to Barry, played by Mike Grady. Also making her first appearance was Thora Hird as Seymour's sister and Glenda's mother, Edie. The second film proved a success and all four new characters were carried over to the series beginning with the ninth series in 1986.[73]

The third and final film, made the following year in 1987, was Big Day at Dream Acres, which guest-starred Ray McAnally as a tramp who played a major role in the story.

Documentaries

To celebrate the 25th anniversary of Last of the Summer Wine, a documentary on the show was commissioned. Produced and directed by Alan J. W. Bell, the documentary featured interviews with the majority of cast and crew members, as well as outtakes from the show, a look behind the scenes at how the show is produced, and segments with Duncan Wood and Barry Took explaining the origins of the show and how it came to be filmed in Holmfirth. The special aired on 30 March 1997.[74]

An updated version of the documentary, featuring an expanded interview with Brian Wilde and new interviews with Brian Murphy and Burt Kwouk, was commissioned for the 30th anniversary of the series and aired on 13 April 2003.

DVD releases

Beginning in September 2002, the BBC began releasing sets of episodes on DVD for region two. Each set contains two full series of episodes (for example, series one and two are grouped together, series three and four, etc.).[75] Although no complete series have been released in region one, three "best of" collections have been released, with a fourth in production. The first, simply titled Last of the Summer Wine,[76] was released in 2003 and includes early episodes from the 1970s and 1980s. The second collection, titled Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1995,[77] was released in 2004 and focuses on series seventeen. The third collection, Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1976, released in 2008, focuses on the third series of the show and includes bonus interviews with Peter Sallis, Brian Wilde, and Frank Thornton.[78] A fourth release, Last of the Summer Wine: Vintage 1977, to be released in September 2008, will focus on the fourth series and feature a rare 1977 interview with Roy Clarke.[79]

Other adaptations

Spin-off

Main article: First of the Summer Wine

A spin-off prequel series, First of the Summer Wine, premiered on BBC One in 1988. Also written by Roy Clarke, the new series used different actors to follow the exploits of Compo, Clegg, Foggy, Seymour, Wally, Nora, and Ivy in the months leading up to World War II. The series portrayed the characters in their youth and showed how the coming war affected each of their lives. Unlike the Last of the Summer Wine, the new show was not filmed in Holmfirth, and period music was used in place of Ronnie Hazelhurst's score to give the series more of a World War II era feel.[80] In addition to characters from the original series, new supporting characters were added to round out the cast. Peter Sallis and Jonathan Linsley were the only two actors from the original series to appear in the new series, with Sallis playing the father of his own character from the original series and Linsley making a guest appearance during the second series as a different character.

Although the show enjoyed early success, much due to its status as a spin off from Last of the Summer Wine, it was never able to develop the following necessary for its survival on the BBC.[80] The series was cancelled after only two series of thirteen episodes in 1989.[81] Although the BBC has never rerun the series, it has been known to show internationally,[82] as well as occasionally on UKTV Gold.[80]

Stage adaptation

In 1984, a live production of Last of the Summer Wine, known informally as the "summer season," was produced in Bournemouth. Bill Owen and Peter Sallis reprised their roles as Compo and Clegg, although Brian Wilde chose not to take part due to personal differences with Owen.[83] The show centered around Compo and Clegg, and their interaction with Clegg's new neighbour, Howard played by Kenneth Waller and his wife, Pearl, who was played by a local actress. The first act built up to the appearance of Marina, played by Jean Fergusson, who was in correspondence with Howard. At the end of the first act, Marina was revealed to be a blonde sexpot.[84] The plot of Howard and Marina was based, in part, on an early subplot of the series in which the librarian, Mr. Wainwright, was engaged in a love affair with his married assistant, Mrs. Partridge, all while attempting to keep the plot secret, especially from her husband, though the trio was well aware of their affair.[85] For the summer season, the roles were reversed and Howard became the married man in the affair trying to keep it a secret from his wife.[86]

The summer season proved to be a tremendous success, with the show frequently playing to packed houses. In 1985 the show was once again produced, first as a two-week tour of Britain, and then as another summer season in Bournemouth. Waller did not return for the second run of the show with Robert Fyfe recast as Howard, Juliette Kaplan playing Pearl and Fergusson returning as Marina. At the time it was not believed the new characters would be carried over to the television series. This changed when Roy Clarke included the new characters in four of the following six episodes of the 1985 series.[87] All three characters are still members of the television series.

An amended version of the show toured across Britain in 1987. Sallis, however, was reluctant to appear in the production, and his role in the show was rewritten and recast to actor Derek Fowlds. With Owen being the only member of the television show's trio to appear in the production, it was retitled Compo Plays Cupid. Despite the changes in the show, it still proved to be a success.[88]

Other media

In 1983, a novelisation of Last of the Summer Wine was released in mass-market paperback form.[89] Written by Roy Clarke, the novel was an original story not previously aired as an episode, with the trio attempting to help their friend, Sam, enjoy one last night with a glam girl. The novel would become the basis for the Last of the Summer Wine film, Getting Sam Home.[90]

In 1993, the Summer Wine Appreciation Society asked their members for their favourite themes from Last of the Summer Wine. The resulting list was brought to Ronnie Hazlehurst, who gave his approval for an independently released CD collection of the music from the list. The CD was released under the name "Last of the Summer Wine: Music from the TV Show."[91]

BBC Radio began releasing audio-only versions of episodes in 1995. Peter Sallis provided narration to allow a smooth transition without the visuals originally used in the televised episodes. A total of twelve such episodes were produced, all of which were released in CD format.

A companion guide to the show, Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage was released in 2000. Written by Morris Bright and Robert Ross, the book chronicled the show from its inception through the end of the 2000 series and featured interviews with cast and crew, a character guide and an episode guide. An updated version was released to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the series, though both versions are now out of print.

Reception

"I've reached the stage now where I don't want it to end. I'm hoping that as one by one we drop dead that, provided Roy is still alive, it will just keep going."

Peter Sallis on the longevity of Last of the Summer Wine [92]

The first series of Last of the Summer Wine did not do well in the ratings. In a move of loyalty, the BBC ordered a second series of episodes. The move proved a success when two episodes from the series made it into the top ten programmes of the week.[93] Since then, the series has consistently become a firm favourite in the ratings, peaking at 17 million viewers in the case of the 1981 Christmas special.[94] Today, the series continues to bring in a large audience for BBC One. The series premiere of the 28th series in 2007 brought in an average of 3.2 million viewers, a 18.6% share of viewers in the 6:20 time slot with its audience growing from 2.7 million to 3.4 million over the 30 minutes. The show was beaten for the night only by Channel 4's Big Brother, which had 3.6 million viewers at 9:00 pm but a lower share of viewers for its time slot.[6]

Several members of the royal family have admitted to watching. While presenting an OBE to Roy Clarke in 2002, Prince Charles said that his grandmother, the Queen Mother, got him hooked on the show.[95] The Queen also admitted during a meeting with Dame Thora Hird in 2001 that Last of the Summer Wine is her favourite television programme.[8] The show is also a favourite of Hamid Karzai, president of Afghanistan.[96]

The series has been praised for portraying older people in a positive and active light, and not just a stereotypical representation of the retired. It was also praised for its clever and at times philosophical writing, and for being a viewer family-friendly show.[7]

The BBC has reportedly wanted to find a reason to cancel the series for years on the basis of its appeal to a mostly older audience in favour of a new series which would appeal to a younger demographic. However, the show remains too popular for it to justify cancelling, with even reruns on UKTV Gold receiving ratings of as much as five million viewers per episode.[97]

A 2003 survey by Radio Times found that Last of the Summer Wine was the programme readers most wanted to see cancelled. The show received nearly 12,000 votes in the survey, which came out to be one-third of the total vote, and twice as many votes as the runner up in the poll, Heartbeat. Alan J. W. Bell responded that Radio Times has always been anti-Last of the Summer Wine and Roy Clarke said if people do not like the show, "they shouldn't switch it on! What's the matter? Are they too idle to turn it off?"[5]

In 2004 the series came 14th in a high-profile BBC poll to find Britain's Best Sitcom.[7]

Awards and nominations

Last of the Summer Wine has been nominated numerous times for awards. The series has been nominated six times between 1974 and 1986 for the British Academy Film Awards, twice for the Best Situation Comedy Series award and three times for the Best Comedy Series award. In addition, the series has nominated four times between 1999 and 2004 for the National Television Awards, all four times for the Most Popular Comedy Programme award. The series won the National Television Award for Most Popular Comedy Programme in 1999.[98]

Awards

  • National Television Awards[98]
    • Most Popular Comedy Programme – 1999

Nominated

  • British Academy Film Awards[98]
    • Best Situation Comedy Series – 1974
    • Best Situation Comedy Series – 1980
    • Best Comedy Series – 1983
    • Best Comedy Series – 1984
    • Best Comedy Series – 1986
  • National Television Awards[98]
    • Most Popular Comedy Programme – 2000[99]
    • Most Popular Comedy Programme – 2003
    • Most Popular Comedy Programme – 2004

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine Episodes | TV.com". TV.com. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  2. ^ a b Mangan, Lucy (2007-11-06). "Cable girl: why has the Summer Wine lasted?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. ^ "The Summer Wine Story". Summer Wine Online. Retrieved 2007-12-07. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "30 Years of Last of the Summer Wine". Last of the Summer Wine. Season special presentation. 2003-04-13. {{cite episode}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |episodelink= and |serieslink= (help) Cite error: The named reference "30 Years LOTSW" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Reed, Ed (2003-09-23). "Axe Summer Wine says shock magazine survey". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ a b Oatts, Joanne (2007-07-17). "3.2 million enjoy 'Summer Wine'". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  7. ^ a b c d "Series Profile: Last of the Summer Wine". The Insider. May 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  8. ^ a b Parkin, Jenny (2001-12-15). "A Summer Wine fit for the Queen". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  9. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 24–25
  10. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 16
  11. ^ British TV Comedy: Last of the Summer Wine Accessed 3 November 2007
  12. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 17–19
  13. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 13–14
  14. ^ "The Summer Wine Story: Why was it filmed in Holmfirth?". Summer Wine Online. Retrieved 2007-12-04.
  15. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 117
  16. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p 117
  17. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine". Nostalgia Central. Retrieved 2007-12-05.
  18. ^ Atkinson, Neil (2005-08-16). "Is it the Last of Summer Wine?". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 16–17
  20. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 19–20
  21. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 24
  22. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 24
  23. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 24
  24. ^ "Summer Wine Music and Lyrics". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Online. Retrieved 2007-12-27. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  25. ^ "Theme tune writer Hazlehurst dies". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-02. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  26. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 14
  27. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 15
  28. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 16–17
  29. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 61–67
  30. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 36
  31. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 139–140
  32. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 74–75
  33. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 94
  34. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 77
  35. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 102
  36. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 89
  37. ^ Tillotson, Margaret. "Interview with Peter Sallis 1994". Summer Wine Online. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved 2007-12-27. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help) Peter Sallis says Roy Clarke felt there was little he could do with these characters.
  38. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 99–101
  39. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 30, 145
  40. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1982-01-11). "Car and Garter". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 6. Episode 2. BBC One.
  41. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1986-01-01). "Uncle of the Bride". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 8. BBC One. New Year Special.
  42. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J W Bell (director) (1988-12-24). "Crums". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 10. BBC One. Christmas Special.
  43. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1989-12-23). "What's Santa Brought for Nora Then?". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 11. BBC One. Christmas Special.
  44. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1988-11-06). "That Certain Smile". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 10. Episode 4. BBC One.
  45. ^ a b Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2000-01-02). "Last Post and Pigeon". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 20. BBC One. Millennium Special Cite error: The named reference "Last Post and Pigeon ep" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  46. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1999-04-25). "How Errol Flynn Discovered the Secret Scar of Nora Batty". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 20. Episode 2. BBC One.
  47. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2000-06-04). "I Didn't Know Barry Could Play". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 21. Episode 10. BBC One.
  48. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2003-01-05). "The Lair of the Cat Creature". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 24. Episode 1. BBC One.
  49. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2003-02-02). "In Which Gavin Hinchcliffe Loses the Gulf Stream". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 24. Episode 6. BBC One.
  50. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2001-12-30). "Potts in Pole Position". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 22. BBC One. Christmas Special.
  51. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1993-12-27). "Welcome to Earth". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 15. BBC One. Christmas Special.
  52. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1995-10-01). "Captain Clutterbuck's Treasure". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 17. Episode 4. BBC One.
  53. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1995-01-01). "The Man Who Nearly Knew Pavarotti". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 16. BBC One. New Year's Special.
  54. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2007-07-15). "The Second Stag Night of Doggy Wilkinson". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 28. Episode 1. BBC One.,
  55. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2000-04-30). "Surprise at Throstlenest". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 21. Episode 5. BBC One.
  56. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (2000-05-07). "Just a Small Funeral". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 21. Episode 6. BBC One.
  57. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1999-06-20). "The Phantom Number 14 Bus". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 20. Episode 9. BBC One.
  58. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Sydney Lotterby (director) (1976-11-10). "The Great Boarding-House Bathroom Caper". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 3. Episode 3. BBC One.
  59. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Sydney Lotterby (director) (1976-11-17). "Cheering Up Gordon". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 3. Episode 4. BBC One.
  60. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Sydney Lotterby (director) (1976-12-01). "Going to Gordon's Wedding". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 3. Episode 6. BBC One.
  61. ^ Roy Clarke (writer) & Alan J. W. Bell (director) (1992-12-06). "Who's Got Rhythm?". Last of the Summer Wine. Season 14. Episode 7. BBC One.
  62. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 12–13
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  64. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 102
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  66. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp 76–77
  67. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 102
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  69. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 23–24
  70. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 30
  71. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 35–36
  72. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 35–36
  73. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 30–31
  74. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 16–17
  75. ^ Toy, June. "SUMMER WINE DVD - FAN'S REVIEW". Summer Wine On-line. Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  76. ^ Lambert, David (2004-02-12). "Summer Wine on DVD this summer". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  77. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine on DVD". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  78. ^ Lambert, David (2008-02-10). "Ah, That 1976 Vintage of the BBC Program Comes to DVD Next Month!". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  79. ^ Lambert, David (2008-05-08). "World's Longest-Running Sitcom Gets a New DVD Release This Fall". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2008-05-22. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  80. ^ a b c "First of the Summer Wine - Special Article". Summer Wine Online. Retrieved 2007-12-28. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  81. ^ "First of the Summer Wine Episodes | TVGuide.com". TV Guide. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  82. ^ "First of the Summer Wine - Uncovered!". Summer Wine Online. Retrieved 2007-12-28. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  83. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 24–25
  84. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 25–26
  85. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 102
  86. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 24–25
  87. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 25–26
  88. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 27
  89. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine (mass market paperback)". Amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
  90. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 24
  91. ^ "Last of the Summer Wine: Review by Clive Eardley". Summer Wine Appreciation Society. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
  92. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), p. 36
  93. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 17–19
  94. ^ Bright and Ross (2000), pp. 22
  95. ^ Atkinson, Neil (2002-02-28). "I'm a Wine fan, says Prince". The Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  96. ^ "World Economic Forum diary: A Wine expert". The Times. 2008-01-24. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  97. ^ Pogson, Tony (2005-03-11). "Summer Wine still gladdens the heart". Huddersfield Daily Examiner. Retrieved 2007-12-04. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  98. ^ a b c d ""Last of the Summer Wine" (1973) - Awards". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-12-14.
  99. ^ Wilkes, Neil (2000-10-10). "National TV Awards: The Nominations". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2007-12-08.

References

Bright, Morris (2000). Last of the Summer Wine: The Finest Vintage. London: BBC Worldwide Ltd. ISBN 0563551518. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

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