Interleukin 21

IL21
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2OQP, 3TGX
Identifiers
Aliases	IL21, CVID11, IL-21, Za11, interleukin 21
External IDs	OMIM: 605384; MGI: 1890474; HomoloGene: 11032; GeneCards: IL21; OMA:IL21 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	122,621,066 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)
End	37,286,785 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	testicle; ; lymph node; ; appendix; ; buccal mucosa cell; ; tonsil; ; rectum; ; urinary bladder; ; left testis; ; right testis; ; gallbladder;
	Top expressed in
	spermatocyte; ; spermatid; ; mesenteric lymph nodes; ; thymus; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; submandibular gland; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; central gray substance of midbrain;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	cytokine activity; interleukin-2 receptor binding; cytokine receptor binding;
Cellular component	intracellular anatomical structure; extracellular space; extracellular region;
Biological process	positive regulation of inflammatory response; positive regulation of cytokine production; cell maturation; positive regulation of B cell proliferation; positive regulation of tissue remodeling; positive regulation of T cell proliferation; immune response; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; positive regulation of interleukin-17 production; positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; signal transduction; tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein; regulation of signaling receptor activity; interleukin-21-mediated signaling pathway;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	59067
	60505
	ENSG00000138684
	ENSMUSG00000027718
	Q9HBE4
	Q9ES17
	NM_021803; NM_001207006
	NM_021782; NM_001291041
	NP_001193935; NP_068575
	NP_001277970; NP_068554
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

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Interleukin 21, also known as IL21, is a human gene.^[5]

The protein encoded by this gene, Interleukin 21, a cytokine that has potent regulatory effects on cells of the immune system, including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells that can destroy virally infected or cancerous cells.^[6]^[7] This cytokine induces cell division/proliferation in its target cells. IL-21 elicits its effects on immune cells by interacting with a cell surface receptor known as the interleukin 21 receptor, IL-21R, that is expressed in bone marrow cells and various lymphocytes.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138684 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027718 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: IL21 interleukin 21".
^ Parrish-Novak J, Dillon SR, Nelson A, Hammond A, Sprecher C, Gross JA, Johnston J, Madden K, Xu W, West J, Schrader S, Burkhead S, Heipel M, Brandt C, Kuijper JL, Kramer J, Conklin D, Presnell SR, Berry J, Shiota F, Bort S, Hambly K, Mudri S, Clegg C, Moore M, Grant FJ, Lofton-Day C, Gilbert T, Rayond F, Ching A, Yao L, Smith D, Webster P, Whitmore T, Maurer M, Kaushansky K, Holly RD, Foster D (2000). "Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function". Nature. 408 (6808): 57–63. doi:10.1038/35040504. PMID 11081504.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Parrish-Novak J, Foster DC, Holly RD, Clegg CH (2002). "Interleukin-21 and the IL-21 receptor: novel effectors of NK and T cell responses". J. Leukoc. Biol. 72 (5): 856–63. PMID 12429707.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

References

Further reading