Palace of Culture and Science
The Palace of Culture and Science (Pałac Kultury i Nauki, PKiN) in Warsaw (geographical coordinates: 52°13'54"N and 21°00'23"E) is a controversial gift from the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to the people of Warsaw in Poland. It is a huge steel and ceramic tile Socialist-Realist skyscraper adjacent to Warsaw Central Station, which has a unique beauty of its own, and this ambivalence is reflected in the attitude of the native Varsovians to the building which is the subject of a love-hate relationship. Thanks to its abbreviated name PKiN it is commonly referred to as either Pekin (Peking in Polish) or Pajac (Puppet, name coined after the word Pałac meaning Palace).
The architecture of the building is closely related to many similar skyscrapers built in the Soviet Union at the time (most notably the Moscow State University and the building of State Duma). However, the main architect Lev Rudnev is said to incorporate many genuinely Polish details into the project. The monumental walls are headed with pieces of masonry copied from renaissance houses and palaces of Kraków and Zamość.
The construction started in 1952 and lasted until 1955. It was carried out entirely by Soviet construction workers and with materials brought mostly from the Soviet Union. In all, about 3500 Russians worked to erect the building, of whom 16 died in accidents during the construction. The building is 230,68 metres (757 ft) tall with a spire of 43 metres. There are 3288 rooms on 42 floors, with an overall area of 123,000 m², containing cinemas, theatres, museums, offices, bookshops and a large conference hall for 3000 people.
Initially the building was called "Stalin's Palace" (Pałac imienia Stalina) until it was renamed in the late 1950s. It currently serves as an exhibition centre and an office park. The terrace on the 35th floor is a well-known tourist attraction giving a nice view of the city.
The Warsaw Palace of Culture and Science is also used for FM- and TV-broadcasting and therefore has transmission aerials on its top.
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During communist era -
During communist era -
Palace at dusk -
Panorama -
Palace at night -
as seen from the park surrounding it
